96 research outputs found
Effects of pesticide residues in soil substrates on the biology cycle of Aedes aegypti from three different setting zones in Benin
No full text<p>In order to evaluate the effects of insecticides residues in soil substrates on the biology cycle of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, we conducted a study in three ecological zones: urban areas (Dandji, southern Benin with few agriculture activities), peri urban areas (Awaya, central of Benin with agriculture practices), and forests (Kaoura, northern Benin with few agriculture activities). These areas were chosen because they provided an ideal environment for the development of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. The purpose of this study is to look for insecticide residues that may have detrimental impacts on the biology cycle of <i>A. aegypti</i>. Indirect bioassays were used to investigate the factors affecting mosquito larvae's ability to develop normally at breeding sites, their rate of growth, and their ability to produce an adequate number of larvae. Due to the absence of an HPLC equipment for the direct detection of pesticide residues in samples, <i>A. aegypti</i> larvae at breeding sites were reconstituted using water and soil samples obtained at each study site. A comparison of the larval growth in test breeding locations was made using the reference strain SBE as a control. The different bioassays demonstrate the existence of inhibitory elements on test materials. In control samples, larval development was observed to be normal. However, when the breeding sites were established with just a few grams of soil samples from the three study sites, it was found that the <i>A. aegypti</i> eggs had a poor hatching rate, along with sluggish larval development and a low production of adult mosquitoes from hatched eggs. The findings of this study indicate that toxic substances that prevent <i>A. aegypti</i> eggs from hatching and larvae from growing are most likely leftover pesticides from agricultural operations. In order to quantify the toxic factors likely to affect the biology parameters of <i>A. aegypti</i> cited above, these results must be validated using HPLC techniques.</p><p>published by the <a href="https://innspub.net/journal-of-biodiversity-and-environmental-sciences/"><strong>Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)</strong></a></p><p><br> </p>
Développement de la résistance d’Anopheles gambiae aux pyréthrinoïdes au Bénin : facteurs favorisants, mécanismes et impacts sur la transmission du paludisme
No full textAbstract and keywords provided in both French and EnglishBioMed Central articles attached in EnglishThe table of contents for this item can be shared with the requester. The requester may then choose one chapter, up to 10% of the item, as per the Fair Dealing provision of the Canadian Copyright ActLa lutte anti-vectorielle basée sur l’utilisation des matériaux imprégnés, notamment les moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticides à longue durée d’action (MILD), considérées comme l’un des outils les plus efficaces de prévention contre les moustiques vecteurs, est en proie depuis quelques années, à une baisse d’efficacité. Cette baisse d’efficacité est due à l’émergence de la résistance des vecteurs du paludisme aux insecticides pyréthrinoïdes. Sans apporter des preuves concrètes, on cite l’utilisation des insecticides dans le domaine agricole comme principal facteur à l’origine de cette résistance. Dans le but de vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons évalué la résistance des populations d’An. gambiae s.l issues des zones maraîchères (Houeyiho à Cotonou, Acron à Porto-Novo et Azèrèkè à Parakou), rizicoles (Malanville), céréalières (Kétou, Comè et Séhouè) et des zones cotonnières à programme calendaire (utilisation de fortes quantités d’insecticides), à Lutte Etagée Ciblée (LEC) avec très peu d’insecticide et des zones de programme biologique où aucun insecticide chimique n’est utilisé. Au début de l’étude, nous avons effectué une enquête sur la nature des pesticides utilisés contre les ravageurs des cultures, leur origine et les doses appliquées.Doctor of Philosoph
Insecticide resistance status in Anopheles gambiae in southern Benin.
No full textBACKGROUND: The emergence of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae has become a serious concern to the future success of malaria control. In Benin, the National Malaria Control Programme has recently planned to scaling up long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria prevention. It is, therefore, crucial to monitor the level and type of insecticide resistance in An. gambiae, particularly in southern Benin where reduced efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and IRS has previously been reported. METHODS: The protocol was based on mosquito collection during both dry and rainy seasons across forty districts selected in southern Benin. Bioassay were performed on adults collected from the field to assess the susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. The species within An. gambiae complex, molecular form and presence of kdr and ace-1 mutations were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Strong resistance to permethrin and DDT was found in An. gambiae populations from southern Benin, except in Aglangandan where mosquitoes were fully susceptible (mortality 100%) to all insecticides tested. PCR showed the presence of two sub-species of An. gambiae, namely An. gambiae s.s, and Anopheles melas, with a predominance for An. gambiae s.s (98%). The molecular M form of An. gambiae was predominant in southern Benin (97%). The kdr mutation was detected in all districts at various frequency (1% to 95%) whereas the Ace-1 mutation was found at a very low frequency (<or= 5%). CONCLUSION: This study showed a widespread resistance to permethrin in An. gambiae populations from southern Benin, with a significant increase of kdr frequency compared to what was observed previously in Benin. The low frequency of Ace-1 recorded in all populations is encouraging for the use of bendiocarb as an alternative insecticide to pyrethroids for IRS in Benin
Une lecture française de Actualité des anges d'Andrei Pleşu et ses usages possibles en communication
No full textCours à la SNSPA (École nationale de sciences politiques et administratives, Bucarest)Andrei Plesu is a well-known author in Romania. He wrote this book "Reality of angels". How can we understand this from our point of view of researcher in communication) ?Andrei Plesu est un intellectuel important en Roumanie. Il a rédigé cet ouvrage sur "l'actualité des anges". Comment peut-on lire cet ouvrage avec un regard de chercheur en communication
Une lecture française de Actualité des anges d'Andrei Pleşu et ses usages possibles en communication
No full textCours à la SNSPA (École nationale de sciences politiques et administratives, Bucarest)Andrei Plesu is a well-known author in Romania. He wrote this book "Reality of angels". How can we understand this from our point of view of researcher in communication) ?Andrei Plesu est un intellectuel important en Roumanie. Il a rédigé cet ouvrage sur "l'actualité des anges". Comment peut-on lire cet ouvrage avec un regard de chercheur en communication
Un « tas » de « narrats étranges » comme « simple veulerie schizophrène en face du réel » : la politique de l’esthétique volodinienne dans Des anges mineurs
No full textLa fiction hermétique proposée par les « narrats », haillons textuels compilés par Antoine Volodine dans Des Anges mineurs, amène à interroger, en s’inspirant entre-autres des études philosophiques de Jacques Rancière, la politique de cette esthétique inassignable que forge l’écrivain « post-exotique. » La polyphonie fragile composée par le recueil, l’étrangeté des images convoquées et l’effilochage permanent du tissu narratif permettent une résistance de l’espace littéraire à l’agonie politique d’un collectif menacé d’extinction.The abstruse fiction introduced by the “narrats”, these textual rags gathered by Antoine Volodine in Des Anges mineurs, makes one wonder about the political dimension of this unlabelled aesthetic created by this “post-exotic” author, who took inspiration from Jacques Rancière’s philosophical works, among others. The fragile polyphony that this collection composes, the strangeness of the images it summons and the constant unraveling of the narrative fabric allow some resistance from the literary range of a jeopardised community, in the throes of a political death
Bendiocarb, a potential alternative against pyrethroid resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>in Benin, West Africa
No full textAbstract Background Anopheles gambiae, the main malaria vector in Benin has developed high level of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which is a serious concern to the future use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). In this context, one of the pathways available for malaria vector control would be to investigate alternative classes of insecticides with different mode of action than that of pyrethroids. The goal of this study was to evaluate under field conditions the efficacy of a carbamate (bendiocarb) and an organophosphate (fenitrothion) against pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. Methods Wild populations and females from laboratory colonies of five days old An. gambiae were bio-assayed during this study. Two pyrethroids (deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin), an organophosphate (fenitrothion), a carbamate (bendiocarb) and a mixture of an organophosphate (chlorpyriphos + a pyrethroid deltamethrin) were compared in experimental huts as IRS treatments. Insecticides were applied in the huts using a hand-operated compression sprayer. The deterrency, exophily, blood feeding rate and mortality induced by these insecticides against An. gambiae were compared to the untreated control huts. Results Deltamethrin, alphacypermethrin and bendiocarb treatment significantly reduced mosquito entry into the huts (p An. gambiae (in the first month) and 77.8% (in the fourth month). Bendiocarb and the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin mortality rates ranged from 97.9 to 100% the first month and 77.7-88% the third month respectively. Conclusion After four months, fenitrothion, bendiocarb and the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin performed effectively against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles. These results showed that bendiocarb could be recommended as an effective insecticide for use in IRS operations in Benin, particularly as the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin does not have WHOPES authorization and complaints were mentioned by the sleepers about the safety and smell of fenitrothion.</p
Sammanställning av småskalig skogsutrustning
No full textDenna skrift är en sammanställning av utrustning för småskaligt skogsbruk. Redovisat data härrör från samtliga funna tillverkare och generalagenter som saluförde utrustning relevant för sammanställningen. Tillverkare och generalagenter återfanns genom existerande marknadsöversikter, internetportaler och genomgång av försäljningsannonser i branschtidningar. Sammanställningen gör dock ej anspråk på att vara helt komplett. Sammanställningsarbetet utfördes under tiden mars 2003 till september 2004. Skriften utgör en del i doktorandkursen Det självverksamma skogsbrukets teknik. Arbetet har utförts inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet Arbetsmiljö och effektivare teknik FÖR privata skogsbrukare (FÖR-programmet) vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) i Umeå.
Redovisade cirkapriser anges exklusive moms och frakt, och för utrustningen i standardutförande ett angivet datum. I de fall priser anges i utländsk valuta är det cirkapris i tillverkningslandet. I vissa fall har tillverkaren eller generalagenten inte velat ange något cirkapris. Där inget annat anges innehas rättigheterna till foton av respektive tillverkare eller generalagent och återges med deras tillstånd. Variationen mellan tillverkares data är i vissa fall stor, varför sammanställda tekniska data inte alltid är konsekvent angivna
Détour nordique vers l’Orient, Les anges de Millesgården d’Alexandre Najjar
No full textThis is a paper presented as part of the conference “The North in French literatures” which was held at Stockholm University the 21st and 22nd of November 2019.The presentation is primarily aimed at students in French and people with an interest in the relationship between Nordicity and Francophone literature. It is well adapted for teachers of French language working with stereotypes, images and clichés. In an academic context, it is possible to show the perception of Swedish rites by a French speaking-writer”.Alexandre Najjar offers a new perspective on North in his novel Les anges de Millesgården published in 2013. The book is built as a museum in which the reader is invited to discover nordic landscapes and cultures. When the reader gets into the text, he/she realizes that the book is also about Lebanon and Orient as if the Nordic detour was a pretext to deal with the country which is important for the author/narrator. The aim of the presentation is to analyze how the narrator inscribes a phenomenological posture when he deals with new cultural objects / art pieces from nordic societies. In a broader perspective, the question of northern imaginaries is questioned with the book that looks like a cultural guide for people who are not familiar with nordic countries. Why did a writer such as Alexandre Najjar take a risk of offering a stereotyped vision of Nordic countries?Il s’agit d’une communication présentée dans le cadre du colloque “Le Nord dans les littératures francophones“ qui s’est tenu à l’Université de Stockholm les 21 et 22 novembre 2019.La présentation s’adresse en priorité aux étudiants de français et aux publics ayant un intérêt pour la relation entre la nordicité et la littérature francophone. Elle est particulièrement adaptée aux publics de professeurs de français qui travaillent sur les stéréotypes, les images et les clichés. Dans un cours académique, il est ainsi possible de montrer la perception des rites suédois par un écrivain francophone.Alexandre Najjar nous offre un regard saisissant sur le Nord dans son récit Les anges de Millesgården publié en 2013. Le livre est construit comme un musée dans lequel le lecteur est invité à découvrir les paysages et les cultures nordiques, mais rapidement au fil des pages s'opère un déplacement implicite vers le Liban et l'Orient comme si les rencontres et les discussions étaient un prétexte pour parler du pays qui est cher à l'auteur. Nous aimerions analyser, à partir d'une lecture phénoménologique portant sur les thèmes, les oeuvres d'art et les objets, la manière dont le livre propose en réalité un détour nordique vers l'Orient. C'est ainsi que dans l'éloignement géographique et culturel l'auteur-narrateur reconsidère ses liens au Liban, à la France et à la francophonie. </div
Du projet " PAR.AD.I " au sexe des anges : notes et débats autour d'un " troisième sexe "
No full textRÉSUMÉ/SUMMARYDu projet " PAR.AD.I. " au sexe des anges : Notes et débats autour d'un " troisième sexe "À partir des premières données recueillies dans le cadre du projet PAR.AD.I. (Parenté, adoption, /dentité) dans plusieurs communautés inuit et québécoises et avec le " regard éloigné " que permettent les représentations inuit de la filiation et du transsexualisme, cet article propose un débat anthropologique au sujet d'un nouveau concept, celui du " troisième sexe ". La gestation et les avatars de ce concept sont retracés en marge de grands courants intellectuels (sociologique, anthropologique et psychanalytique) et de mouvements sociaux (socialiste, féministe, gai...) qui depuis un siècle remettent en cause l'héritage judéo-chrétien de notre société, notamment en ce qui concerne la parenté et la sexualité, tant du point de vue de la connaissance que de celui de la morale et du droit.From Project " PAR.AD.I " fo the Sex of Ange/s : Comments and Arguments About A " Third Sex "First reports from Project PAR.AD.I (from the French />arenté//4doption//dentité, or kinship/adoption/identity) in several Inuit and Québécois communities, together with the " remote view " afforded by Inuit on filiation and transsexualism, bring the author to propose an anthropological debate of a novel concept, that of the " third sex ". The evolution and manifestations of this concept are here traced alongside major intellectual trends (in sociology, anthropology and psychoanalysis) and social movements (socialism, feminism, gay issues) which over the past century have reexamined our society's Judaeo-Christian heritage, mainly as concerns kinship and sexuality and in relation to both epistemological and morality-legality issues
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