15 research outputs found
iFit: a new data analysis framework. Applications for data reduction and optimization of neutron scattering instrument simulations with McStas
No full textWe present a new tool, iFit, which uses a single object class to hold any data set, and provides an extensive list of methods to import and export data, view, manipulate, apply mathematical operators, optimize problems and fit models to the data sets. Currently implemented using Matlab®, the toolbox is lightweight and comes with an extensive documentation based on tutorials with ready-to-run examples for each operator. Provided with the package is a set of optimization algorithms, which we have benchmarked in order to recommend the ones that provide the best success rate for both continuous and noisy problems. These optimizers can then be used to fit models onto data objects, and optimize McStas instrument simulations. As an application, we propose a methodology to analyse neutron scattering measurements in a pure Monte Carlo optimization procedure using McStas and iFit. As opposed to the conventional data reduction and analysis procedures, this new methodology is able to intrinsically account for most of the experimental effects, and results in the sample only model, de-convolved from the instrument
The Dynamics of Foreign Direct Investment and Privatization: An Empirical Analysis
Get PDFThis article examines the link between foreign direct investment (FDI) and privatization of state-owned enterprises. We hypothesize that privatization has an effect on FDI as the process of fostering private sector participation is often accompanied by liberalization measures, and by allocating the shares of newly privatized firms to foreign investors. Similarly, we expect FDI to foster privatization efforts as capital inflows, technology and managerial skills that accompany FDI make the environment more prone to competition, and provide governments with a good environment to privatize inefficient firms. Our results provide support for our conjectures.Cet article examine le lien entre l’investissement direct à l’étranger (IDÉ) et la privatisation des entreprises étatiques. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que la privatisation affecte l’IDÉ dans la mesure où la participation du secteur privé s’accompagne souvent de mesures de libéralisation et de l’allocation d’actions des entreprises nouvellement privatisées à des investisseurs étrangers. De même, nous prévoyons que l’IDÉ favorise la privatisation dans la mesure où les entrées de capitaux, la technologique, et les habiletés de gestion qui accompagnent l’IDÉ créent un environnement plus compétitif et plus propice à la privatisation d’entreprises inefficaces. Nos résultats tendent à confirmer nos hypothèses.Este artículo examina la relación entre la inversión directa en el extranjero (IDE) y la privatización de empresas estatales. Nuestra hipótesis es que la privatización afecta la IDE en la medida en que la participación del sector privado con frecuencia va acompañada por medidas de liberalización y de adjudiación de acciones de empresas recientemente privatizadas a inversores extranjeros. De la misma manera, suponemos que la IDE favorece la privatización en la medida en que la afluencia de capitales, la tecnología y las habilidades de gestión asociadas a la IDE crean un entorno más competitivo y propicio a la privatización de empresas ineficaces. Los resultados obtenidos tienen a confirmar nuestras hipótesis
Évolution du CDAG en CeGIDD dans le cadre d’un protocole de coopération médecin-infirmière
No full textValorization of pickling effluents from hot-dip galvanizing for the development of zinc and iron oxide photocatalysts with potential applications in the degradation of dyes
No full textilustraciones, diagramasLos efluentes de decapado de la industria de galvanizado por inmersión en caliente son altamente peligrosos y de difícil tratamiento debido a la concentración de ácido clorhídrico alrededor de 10% y contenido de metales pesados disueltos de Fe (~140g/L) y de Zn (~160g/L). Mediante a la técnica de coprecipitación química estos efluentes pueden ser aprovechados para la síntesis de partículas. En este trabajo investigativo se logra la obtención de partículas de óxido de hierro-zinc a partir de efluentes decapado oxidado de la industria de galvanizado en caliente; la oxidación del efluente se realiza con KMnO4 0,5 M o H2O2 13%, posteriormente se utiliza H2C2O4 como agente precipitante a 1 M, 1,5 M y 2 M. Los precipitados se calcinaron bajo atmósfera de aire, y se obtuvieron principalmente micro y nanopartículas de los óxidos de ferrita de zinc y oxido de zinc en proporciones similares que varían en un rango entre 30 y 40% p/p para cada uno de los compuestos metálicos presentes. Se encontró, que el Band-Gap obtenido en todas las síntesis fue alrededor de 1.2-1.4 eV, dichos valores están por debajo del rango reportado (1.9 Ev) en la literatura para este tipo materiales, siendo de gran interés para aplicaciones fotocatalíticas; por último, se evalúa su capacidad como fotocatalizador para la degradación de colorantes, obtenido un porcentaje de remoción del color en la solución mayor al 92% en el 91,6% de las muestras sintetizadas en presencia de un sistema de radiación UV-vis. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Pickling effluents from the hot-dip galvanizing industry are highly dangerous and difficult to treat due to the concentration of hydrochloric acid around 10% and the content of dissolved heavy metals of Fe (~140g/L) and Zn. (~160g/L). Through a chemical coprecipitation technique, these effluents can be used for the synthesis of particles. In this investigative work, we are able to obtain iron-zinc oxide particles from oxidized pickling effluents from the hot-dip galvanizing industry; different materials were synthesized by coprecipitation using 0.5 M KMnO4 or 13% H2O2 as oxidizing agents of the pickling solution and different concentrations of H2C2O4 as precipitating agent (1 M, 1.5 M and 2 M). The precipitates were calcined under an air atmosphere, and mainly micro and nanoparticles of zinc ferrite oxides and zinc oxide were acquired in similar proportions that vary in a range between 30 and 40% w/w for each of the metal compounds. It was found that the band Gap obtained in all the syntheses was around 1.2-1.4 eV, these values are below the reported range (1.9 Ev) in the literature for this type of materials, being of great interest for photocatalytic applications; they are evaluated as a photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes, obtaining a color removal percentage in the solution greater than 92% in 91.6% of the synthesized samples in the presence of a UV-vis radiation system.MaestríaMagíster en Ingeniería - Materiales y ProcesosValorización de residuos y Tratamiento de efluentesÁrea Curricular de Materiales y Nanotecnologí
Safety and immunogenicity of double-dose versus standard-dose hepatitis B revaccination in non-responding adults with HIV-1 (ANRS HB04 B-BOOST): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
No full textEquipe CHU UB (EA) Pôle MERS CT3 Hors Enjeu ANRS HB04 B-BOOST study group : Hugues Aumaitre (Centre Hospitalier Marechal Joff re, Perpignan, France); Jean-Luc Berger (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims– Hopital Robert Debre, Reims, France); Alain Devidas (Hopital Gilles de Corbeil–Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil Essonne, France); Sophie Abgrall (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, Avicenne, France); Olivier Patey (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Villeneuve St Georges, Villeneuve Saint Georges, France); Marie-Christine Drobacheff Thiebaut (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon–Hopital Saint Jacques, Besancon, France); Frederic Lucht (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de St Etienne–Hopital Nord, Saint Etienne, France); Bruno Hoen (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon–Hopital Saint Jacques, Besancon, France); Caroline Lascoux-Combe (Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France); Olivier Lortholary (Hopital Necker, Paris, France); Veronique Delcey (Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France); Pierre De Truchis (Hopital Raymond–Poincare, Garches, France); Vincent Jeantils (Hopital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France); Daniel Vittecoq (Le Kremlin Bicetre, France); Laurence Slama (Hopital Tenon, Paris, France); David Zucman (Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France); Yves Levy (Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France); Christine Katlama (Hopital Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France); Anne Simon (Hopital Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France); Pierre-Marie Girard (Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris, France); Jean-Michel Molina (CISIH, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France); Sandrine Pierre-Francois (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort de France–Hopital Pierre Zobda Quitman, Fort de France, France); Jean-Marie Chennebault (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers–Hopital de l’Hotel Dieu, Angers, France); Rozenn Le Berre (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest– Hopital de La Cavale Blanche, Brest, France); Didier Neau (Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France); Jean Michel Livrozet (Hopital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France); Isabelle Poizot-Martin (Hopital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France); Sophie Matheron (Hopital Bichat, Paris, France); Jacques Reynes (Hopital Gui De Chauliac, Montpellier, France); Eric Billaud (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes–Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France); Philippe Perre (Centre Hospitalier Departemental de Vendee–Les Oudairies, La Roche sur Yon, France); Jacques Durand (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice–Hopital de l’Archet, Nice, France); Eric Rosenthal (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice–Hopital de l’Archet, Nice, France); Cedric Arvieux (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes–Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France); Lize Cuzin (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse–Hopital Purpan, Toulouse, France); Renaud Verdon (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cote de Nacre, Caen, France); Pascale Leclercq (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble–Hopital Albert Michallon, Grenoble, France); Faiza Ajana (Hopital Gustave Dron, Tourcoing, France); Thierry May (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nancy–Hopital Brabois, Nancy, France); Yasmine Debab (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen–Hopital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France); Agnes Lefort (Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France); Isabelle Delacroix (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, Creteil, France); Genevieve Beck-Wirth (Hopital du Moenchberg, Mulhouse, France); Yves Poinsignon (Centre Hospitalier Bretagne-Atlantique Vannes, Vannes, France); Thierry Prazuck (Centre Hospitalier Regional–Hopital de La Source, Orleans, France); Patrick Philibert (Hopital Europeen Marseille, Marseille, France); Jean-Paul Viard (Hopital Hotel Dieu, Paris, France).International audienceBACKGROUND:Revaccination with double-dose hepatitis B vaccine has been recommended in HIV-infected patients who do not respond to standard vaccination, but has not yet been assessed. We aimed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a reinforced hepatitis B revaccination protocol with the standard revaccination schedule in HIV-infected patients not responding to primary vaccination.METHODS:We did this multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial, at 53 centres in France. HIV-infected adults (aged ≥18 years), with CD4 counts of 200 cells per μL or more and no response to a previous hepatitis B vaccination or a 20 μg booster dose, were randomly assigned (1:1), according to a computer-generated randomisation list with permuted blocks (block sizes of two to six), to receive either standard-dose (20 μg) or double-dose (40 μg) recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at weeks 0, 4, and 24. Randomisation was stratified by baseline CD4 count (200-349 vs ≥350 cells per μL). Patients and treating physicians were not masked to treatment allocation, but the randomisation list was concealed from the investigators who assigned participants to the vaccination groups. The primary endpoint was the proportion of responders, defined as patients with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titres of 10 mIU/mL or more, at week 28. We did analysis by modified intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00670839.FINDINGS:Between May 19, 2008, and May 8, 2011, 178 participants were randomly assigned to the standard-dose group (n=90) or the double-dose group (n=88), of whom 176 (98%) participants were included in the primary efficacy analysis. At week 28, we recorded a response in 60 patients (67%, 95% CI 57-77) in the standard-dose group versus 64 patients (74%, 63-82) in the double-dose group (p=0·334). Except for more frequent local reactions in the double-dose group than the standard-dose group (13 [15%] vs four [4%] patients; p=0·020), there was no difference in safety between groups.INTERPRETATION:In adults with HIV-1 who have not responded to previous hepatitis B vaccination, double-dose revaccination did not achieve a higher response rate than did revaccination with standard single-dose regimen. However, the safety profile was similar between treatment groups. Our results should be assessed in future studies before double-dose vaccine can be considered for the standard of care of vaccine non-responders.FUNDING:French National Institute for Medical Research-French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis
HIV-1 subtype B-infected MSM may have driven the spread of transmitted resistant strains in France in 2007–12: impact on susceptibility to first-line strategies
No full textRecommended from our members
HIV-1 subtype B-infected MSM may have driven the spread of transmitted resistant strains in France in 2007–12: impact on susceptibility to first-line strategies
No full textBackgroundOur study describes the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among 1318 French patients diagnosed at the time of primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) in 2007-12.MethodsHIV-1 resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were characterized using both the 2009 WHO list of mutations and the French ANRS algorithm. A genotypic susceptibility score was estimated for each first-line recommended ART combination.ResultsPatients were mainly MSM (72.6%). Non-B variants were identified in 33.7% of patients. The proportion of TDR was estimated as 11.7% (95% CI 10.0-13.5). The prevalences of PI-, NRTI-, first-generation NNRTI and etravirine/rilpivirine-associated RAMs were 2.5%, 5.2%, 3.9% and 3.2%, respectively. Single, dual and triple class resistance was found in 9.6%, 1.0% and 1.1% of cases, respectively. Additionally, 5/331 strains isolated in 2010-12 had integrase inhibitor (II)-related RAMs (isolated E157Q mutation in all cases). TDR was more common among MSM than in other groups (12.9% versus 8.6%, P = 0.034), and in case of B versus non-B subtype infections (13.6% versus 7.9%, P = 0.002). The proportions of fully active combinations were ≥99.2%, ≥97.3% and ≥95.3% in cases of PI-, II- and NNRTI-based regimens, respectively. In 2010-12, the proportion of fully active efavirenz-based ART was lower in cases of subtype B versus non-B infection (P = 0.021).ConclusionsCompared with our previous studies, the proportion of NRTI- and first-generation NNRTI-related TDR has continued to decline in French seroconverters. However, subtype B-infected MSM could drive the spread of resistant HIV strains. Finally, we suggest preferring PI- or II- to NNRTI-based combinations to treat PHI patients
Decreased darunavir concentrations during once-daily co-administration with maraviroc and raltegravir: OPTIPRIM-ANRS 147 trial
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundThe OPTIPRIM-ANRS 147 trial compared intensive combination ART (darunavir/ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine, raltegravir and maraviroc) started early during primary HIV-1 infection with standard tritherapy with darunavir/ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. From month 6 to 18, the percentage of viral load values <50 copies/mL was lower in the pentatherapy arm than in the tritherapy arm. Here we compared antiretroviral drug concentrations between the two arms.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 50 patients at various times after drug administration. A Bayesian approach based on published population pharmacokinetic models was used to estimate residual drug concentrations (Ctrough) and exposures (AUC) in each patient. A mixed linear regression model was then used to compare the AUC and Ctrough values of each drug used in both groups.ResultsPublished models adequately described our data and could be used to predict Ctrough and AUC. No significant difference in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine and ritonavir parameters was found between the two arms. However, darunavir Ctrough and AUC were significantly lower in the pentatherapy arm than in the tritherapy arm (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively).ConclusionsAdding maraviroc and raltegravir to darunavir-based tritherapy decreased darunavir concentrations. Compliance issues, maraviroc–darunavir interaction and raltegravir–darunavir interaction were suspected and may affect the kinetics of viral decay during pentatherapy. A specific pharmacokinetic interaction study is needed to explore the interactions between darunavir and maraviroc and raltegravir
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group O Infection in France: Clinical Features and Immunovirological Response to Antiretrovirals
No full textInternational audienc
