18 research outputs found
Aislamiento de metabolitos mayoritarios de dos especies del género Salvia Subgénero Calosphace Clado Scorodonia
Get PDFEn el presente trabajo se describe el estudio de la composición química de los extractos de las partes áreas de Salvia urica Epling y Salvia amarissima Ortega, así como de las evaluaciones biológicas de los extractos y/o componentes mayoritarios aislados de dichas plantas.
El estudio de Salvia amarissima resultó en el aislamiento de ocho compuestos, de los cuales seis ya han sido reconocidos, un flavonoide (1) y cinco diterpenos (2, 3/4, 5/6). Además, se logró el descubrimiento de dos nuevos compuestos glucosídicos de diterpeno (7/8), obtenidos como mezcla epimérica. La evaluación biológica mostró actividad antiprotozoaria por parte de los compuestos 2, 5/6, 7/8, y una ligera modulación de resistencia múltiple a fármacos por los compuestos 7/8 en líneas celulares de cáncer humano.
El estudio de los constituyentes mayoritarios de Salvia urica Epling permitió el aislamiento e identificación de dos compuestos conocidos (9-10), aislados previamente de Salvia amarissima; pero descritos por primera vez en S. urica. Los resultados de la evaluación biológica de ambos constituyentes en ensayos in vivo indicaron actividad antidiabética y antipropulsiva.In the present project describes the chemical composition of the aerials part extracts of Salvia urica Epling and Salvia amarissima Ortega, as well as the biological evaluations of the extracts and/or major components isolated from these plants.
The study of Salvia amarissima resulted in the isolation of eight compounds: six are known, one is flavonoid, and five are diterpenes. Furthermore, two new glucoside diterpenes were discovered as an epimeric mixture (7/8). The biological evaluations showed antiprotozoal activity by compounds 2, 5/6, and 7/8 and slight modulation of multidrug resistance by compounds 7/8 in human cancer cell lines.
The study of the major constituents of Salvia urica Epling allowed the isolation and identification of two known compounds (9-10), previously isolated from Salvia amarissima but described for the first time in S. urica. The biological evaluation of both constituents through in vivo assays indicated antidiabetic and antipropulsive activity.Beca, 740455, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías.Optimización de la capacidad moduladora de la multiresistencia a anticancerígenos por acción de terpenoides aislados de Salvia amarissima, CB-A1-S-7705, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías. Ciencia BásicaInvestigadoresEstudiante
Modelo de dos dimensiones del compromiso organizacional: Aproximación teórica al modelo de Cohen
Get PDFCohen’s two-dimensional model of organizational commitment (2007) proposes that an employee has a predisposition to generate commitment when entering a company and that only time later does commitment consolidate as an attitude. However, in this model, the author does not delve into the theoretical development of the included variables. Thus, the present study is intended to complement the theoretical support for the variables included in such a model. To this end, a theory review was undertaken that included the variables encompassed in the two-dimension model. This paper´s theoretical elaboration provides support to the variables included in the model, hence helping to explain the mechanism that generates organizational commitment in its affective and instrumental dimensions.El modelo de dos dimensiones del compromiso organizacional de Cohen (2007) propone que un empleado posee predisposición a generar compromiso al ingresar a una empresa y tiempo después se consolida el compromiso como actitud. Sin embargo, en dicho modelo el autor no profundiza en el desarrollo teórico de las variables que intervienen en el proceso. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se pretende complementar el sustento teórico de las variables incluidas en el modelo. Se realizó una revisión teórica que comprendió las variables incluidas en el modelo de dos dimensiones. La complementación teórica del presente trabajo proporciona el sustento a las variables incluidas en el modelo que explican el mecanismo que genera al compromiso organizacional en sus dimensiones afectiva e instrumental
Effects of mechanical load/stress on bone growth
No full textLeg length discrepancy (LLD) is a condition characterised by a difference in bone length, where one leg is shorter than the other. Surgical treatments for LLD are often associated with complications such as pain at the surgical site, infection, and delayed bone union. Thus, there is an ultimate need to establish noninvasive approaches to treat LLD. This thesis explores the use of mechanical loading as a potential noninvasive method to treat LLD.Study I focused on the creation of a portable, computer-controlled microloading device capable of delivering precise mechanical loading to small bone organs and animals, such as mice. Using this device, we tested the direct effects of mechanical forces on rat embryonic femur and metatarsal bones cultured ex vivo. These results revealed that mechanical loading at 0.4N significantly decreased growth in metatarsal bones (by approximately 1 mm) while significantly increasing growth in femurs (by approximately 4 mm). These findings suggest that the impact of mechanical forces on bone growth appears to be influenced by both the size and unique traits of the bones.Study II investigated the transcriptomic responses of adolescent growth plate cartilage to mechanical forces. RNA sequencing identified 15 significantly regulated genes and 6 associated signalling pathways in growth plate samples treated with mechanical loading. This represents the first report of the transcriptomic effects of mechanical forces on adolescent growth plate cartilage, filling a critical gap in our understanding of the interaction between human growth plate biology and mechanical loading.Study III extended these findings to young mice, where mechanical loading was applied to the joints of one hindlimb (both female and male, 4-week-old and 8-week-old). Mechanical loading significantly increased femur length, with the most pronounced effects observed in 4-week-old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, we identified PTGS2 (prostaglandin- endoperoxide synthase 2) as a key gene involved in the bone-lengthening effects of mechanical loading. PTGS2 expression was significantly elevated in the CD73+ and PTHrP+ skeletal stem cell niches of the growth plate in treated legs. Pharmacological inhibition of PTGS2 abolished the bone-lengthening effect, confirming its critical role. Furthermore, mechanical loading significantly increased both PTGS2 expression and the size of ex vivo cultured human growth plate cartilage.In conclusion, these findings indicate that mechanical loading offers a promising noninvasive treatment strategy to enhance bone growth and correct LLD in patients, paving the way for future clinical applications.List of scientific papersI. Zhengpei Zhang, Farasat Zaman, Tobia Sebastiano Nava, Tim R J Aeppli, Elena M Gutierrez-Farewik, Artem Kulachenko, Lars Sävendahl. Micromechanical Loading Studies in Ex Vivo Cultured Embryonic Rat Bones Enabled by a Newly Developed Portable Loading Device. Ann Biomed Eng. 2023 Oct;51(10):2229-2236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-023-03258-2II. Zhengpei Zhang, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu, Laila Sara Arroyo Muhr, Ainhoa Garcia-Serrango, Tim R J Aeppli, Tobia Sebastiano Nava, Yunhan Zhao, Elena M Gutierrez-Farewik, Artem Kulachenko, Lars Sävendahl #, Farasat Zaman #. Genomic Effects of Biomechanical Loading in Adolescent Human Growth Plate Cartilage: A Pilot Study. Cartilage. 2024 Dec 10:19476035241302954. https://doi.org/10.1177/19476035241302954III. Zhengpei Zhang #, Tim R J Aeppli #, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu2, Laila Sara Arroyo Muhr, Yunhan, Zhao, Eva Pontén, Elena M Gutierrez-Farewik, Artem Kulachenko, Lars Sävendahl #, Farasat Zaman #. Mechanical Stimulation: A Non-invasive Treatment Strategy for Leg Length Discrepancy. [Manuscript]# Denotes equal last-author contribution</p
Acanthosis Nigricans in the Knuckles of Infants – A Novel Clinical Marker of High-Metabolic Risk
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Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the ‘ankle’ in the cosmic-ray spectrum
Get PDFWe report a first measurement for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the ‘ankle’ at lg(E/eV)=18.5–19.0lg(E/eV)=18.5–19.0 differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass A>4A>4. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavored as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth
Investment planning under uncertainty in energy systems: Modelling and algorithms
Get PDFThis thesis applies operational research methods for the investment planning of energy systems under uncertainty for the energy transition. We develop new models and solution methods.
On the modelling side, we first focus on modelling hydrogen-based offshore energy hubs in an offshore energy system. A mixed-integer linear program is developed for the investment planning of offshore energy systems with offshore energy hubs. The model is then extended to (1) include uncertainty using a multi-horizon stochastic programming approach and (2) include the European onshore and offshore energy systems. Finally, some major extensions are made to the model, which leads to the REORIENT model. The REORIENT model is a multi-horizon mixed-integer linear stochastic program for integrated investment, retrofit, and abandonment planning of energy systems under short-term and long-term uncertainty. This is the first model that integrates different alternatives and investigates the role of existing energy infrastructure in the energy transition. The REORIENT model features the main modelling contributions in this thesis. In addition, we also extend the modelling of an existing model, EMPIRE, which is a stochastic linear program for the European power system investment planning, by modelling the heat and industry sectors with a strong focus on endogenous decisions regarding industry decarbonisation, hydrogen and carbon capture and storage.
On the methodology side, we develop algorithms that exploit the structure of multi-horizon stochastic programming. The algorithms developed can also be applied in general multi-stage stochastic programs. We develop enhanced Benders decomposition and Lagrangean decomposition algorithms. The enhanced Benders decomposition utilises adaptive oracles. We also propose to stabilise the adaptive Benders decomposition with (1) a novel dynamic level method and (2) a novel centre point strategy. Also, we propose parallelised Lagrangean decomposition with primal reduction. The scenario subproblems are solved in parallel, and the primal problem is reduced based on the structure of multi-horizon stochastic programming and solved in parallel. We apply the proposed algorithms to solve the REORIENT model and its variations and compare them with standard Benders, unstabilised adaptive Benders, and standard Lagrangean decomposition.
The proposed models and algorithms contribute to operational research and provide useful insights for the energy transition
Towards a better understanding of human behaviour for improved fisheries science and management
No full text No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Conveners: Melania Borit (Norway), Bruce Edmonds (UK), Marloes Kraan (Netherlands).CM 2018/R:114. From fishery management to managing fishing operations using a co-management approach; a SECAS solution. : Larose M., Krug H , Silva H, Slof M. V., Pinho M. R.1CM 2018/R:421. Ecosystem based management; how to make it stick? Matilda ValmanCM 2018/R:543. Do quota markets allow individual fishing companies to adjust quota to catches over time in the Icelandic ITQ system? Maartje Oostdijk, Maria J. Santos, Sveinn Agnarsson, Pamela J. WoodsCM 2018/R:640. Introduction session: Social science aspects for the 21st Century. Melania BoritCM 2018/R:42. Exploring habitat credits to manage the benthic impact in a mixed fishery. J. Batsleer, P. Marchal, S. Vaz, Y. Vermard, A. D. Rijnsdorp, J. J. PoosCM 2018/R:555. Watched but unseen? consequences of technology use for fishery co-management. Hilde M. ToonenCM 2018/R:369. Classifying fishers’ behaviour in the Netherlands: accepting the invitation to fishing styles from Boonstra & Hentati-Sundberg (2016). Amanda Schadeberg, Marloes Kraan, Katell Hamon, Jurgen Batsleer, Eva van den BroekCM 2018/R:384. Introducing a voluntary assessment scheme enabling transition towards a more sustainable fishery. Ellen Pecceu, Lancelot Blondeel, Katrien Verlé, Hans PoletCM 2018/R:60. A field guide for interdisciplinary fisheries scientists. Charlotte Teresa WeberCM 2018/R:89. Modelling fishery behaviour by genetic algorithms. Sylvie GeisendorfCM 2018/R:623. Finding the right spot: recreational sea anglers location choice in the UK. Angela Muench, Kieran Hyder, Adam Brown, Gavin MellorCM 2018/R:183. The evolution of science-industry research cooperation in the Netherlands: crossing boundaries to co-produce knowledge. N.A. Steins, F.J Quirijns, W. van Broekhoven, M.L. KraanCM 2018/R:46. Cooperation and framing effects of economic incentives: the analysis of field experimental data from 240 small-scale fishers in Turkey. Pınar Ertör-AkyazıCM 2018/R:426. Classifying fishers’ behaviour; an invitation to fishing styles. Wiebren Boonstra, Jonas Hentati-SundbergCM 2018/R:85. Collective action as an aid to fisheries management: an example addressing bycatch in the northwest Atlantic mid-water trawl fishery. N.David Bethoney, Bradley P. SchondelmeierCM 2018/R:97. Using normative agents to model policy change scenarios for Icelandic fisheries. Cezara Păstrăv, Jónas Viðarsson, Kristinn Edvardsson, Frank DignumCM 2018/R:649. Data filtering to identify reference fleets to account for abundance of fish species: strengths and weaknesses through three applications: Striped red mullet (Mullus surmulletus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and Pollack (Pollachius pollachius). Caill-Milly N.; Bru N.; Lissardy M.; Dutertre M.-A.; Saguet C.; Leaute J.-P.CM 2018/R:153. Social and ecological indicators of fishing community vulnerability and resilience in the United States: an assessment of changing conditions. Lisa L. Colburn, Michael Jepson, Changhua WengCM 2018/R:614. Large pelagic fish tagging programs: how to build synergies with fishermens knowledge backgrounds. Nicolas Goñi, Iñigo Onandia, Josu Santiago, Igor Arregui, MarinaSanturtunCM 2018/R:557. Human behaviour and marine protected areas in the southern ocean. Dr. Ricardo M. RouraCM 2018/R:443. Understanding fisher responses to data collection interventions. Mandy Doddema, Gert Spaargaren, Budy Wiryawan, Simon BushCM 2018/R:164. Triggering the tragedy: the simulated impacts of goal-oriented fisher behaviour on management interventions. Ashleigh Arton, Ernesto Carrella, Jens Koed Madsen, Richard BaileyCM 2018/R:406. How bioeconomic models can help break trade-offs and improve fisheries management evaluations: the North Sea mixed demersal fishery as a case study. Simons Sarah, Ulrich Clara, Döring RalfCM 2018/R:124. Empirical bio-economic modelling of small-scale artisanal fisheries under climate change: a new approach and application to the Senegalese purse-seine fishery. Kira Lancker, Lorena Fricke, Jörn O. SchmidtCM 2018/R:281. Incorporating fisher knowledge into an index of abundance for Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the Gulf of Maine. Alex Hansell, Greg DeCelles, Steve CadrinCM 2018/R:624. Why do fishermen comply with regulations? The role of preferences. Florian Diekert, Yuanhao Li, Linda Nøstbakken, Andries RichterCM 2018/R:548. Discussion session: Is ‘fishing style’ the way forward to tackle the ‘key source of uncertainty’ in fisheries science: human behaviour? Marloes KraanCM 2018/R:295. Ecosystem-based fisheries management objectives and social, economic, ecological and institutional indicators to measure them. Sara Hornborg, Camilla Novaglio, Jacob Rogers, Beth Fulton, Keith Sainsbury, Ingrid van PuttenCM 2018/R:648. Explicating values to resolve fisheries policy trade-offs and conflicts. Mimi E. LamCM 2018/R:590. Experts as ’honest brokers’? opportunities and limits of scientific advice for policy. Sebstian Linke, Kåre Nolde Nielsen, Petter HolmCM 2018/R:353. Science, participatory approaches and decision support processes in fisheries: sharing experiences and practices from an inter-disciplinary perspective. Claire Macher, Denis Bailly, Marta Ballesteros, Michel Bertignac, Francesco Colloca, Mike Fitzpatrick, Katia Frangoudes, Dorleta Garcia, Marloes Kraan, Rich Little, Simon Mardle, Arantza Murillas, Lionel Pawlowski, Raúl Prellezo, Evelina Sabatella, Nathalie Steins, Olivier Thébaud, Clara UlrichCM 2018/R:245. Public engagement through fisheries visualization. Luz K. MolinaCM 2018/R:169. MPAs and FRAs; acceptance and skepticism by stakeholders. Papadopoulou K. Nadia, Smith Chris J., Pantazi Maria, Karachle Paraskevi K.CM 2018/R:135. Modelling fishers as consumats: a comparison between Homo economicus and Homo psychologicus. Klaas Sys, Jef Van Meensel, Hans PoletCM 2018/R:626. Assessing the impact of the landing obligation at the fleet scale: fisher-scientist collaboration around a complex model. Sigrid Lehuta, Youen Vermard, Marie Savina-Rolland, Morgane Travers-TroletCM 2018/R:161. Social simulation games as vehicles for improved learning about fisheries as socio-ecological complex adaptive systems: the case of the Green Grouper Game. Jørn Weines, Melania Borit, Petter HolmCM 2018/R:629. WKIrish4 – or how I stopped worrying and learned to love the stakeholders. Dave Reid, Francis O’DonnellCM 2018/R:191. Preach water while drinking wine? time preferences of fishery managers and implications for management. Rudi Voss, Jörn O. Schmidt, Max T. Stöven, Martin F. QuaasCM 2018/R:39. The importance of choice architecture for the formulation of fisheries management rules. Paul J B Hart, Sarah B M KraakCM 2018/R:359. Cross-scale interactions between local and regional fisheries. Emilie Lindkvist, Andrew Frederick Johnson, Blanca Gonzalez García-Món, Alfredo Girón-Nava, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Maja SchlüteCM 2018/R:35. The “science dimension” of fisheries management. Lia ní Aodha, Bruce EdmondsCM 2018/R:225. When collaborative planning becomes dysfunctional. Gunnar SanderCM 2018/R:663. European public understanding of fisheries; its importance and impacts. Cristina Pita, Isidora Katara, Tavis PottsCM 2018/R:168. Improving understanding of the influence of Ireland’s monthly quota system on discarding behaviour and how such behaviour might change under the Landing Obligation. Julia Calderwood, Dave ReidCM 2018/R:413. Understanding adaptation strategies of small-scale fishermen in the face of abrupt environmental disturbances. Lotta C. Kluger, Sophia Kochalski, Philipp Gorris, Matthias WolffCM 2018/R:116. Narratives of ecological change: understanding artisanal fishers' responses to the governance of marine resources in a Natura site. C. Mouro, T. Santos e P. CastroCM 2018/R:562. Network analysis in social-ecological systems research. Gorris, P., Kluger, L.C., Kochalski, S., Mueller, M.S., Romagnoni, G.CM 2018/R:373. Coping with environmental challenges: archetypes and emergence of adaptive strategies. Kochalski, S., Harrison, H.L., Arlinghaus, R.CM 2018/R:143. A framework for building value-based agent models of fishers. Samaneh Heidari, Frank DignumCM 2018/R:182. A social network analysis of stakeholders involved in the management of western Baltic cod. Heike Schwermer, Christian MöllmannCM 2018/R:101. Co-authorship network analysis for fisheries indexed publications. Shaheen Syed, Lia ní AodhaCM2018/R:598. Scoping Small-Scale Fisheries: Opportunities of ICES’ Integrated Ecosystem Assessment approach for a comprehensive approach of Azores Artisanal Fisheries’ social components. Ana Fraga</p
Community-based risk management arrangements : an overview and implications for social fund programs
Get PDFRisk and its consequences pose a formidable threat to poverty reduction efforts. This study reviews a plethora of community-based risk management arrangements across the developing world. These types of arrangements are garnering greater interest in light of the growing recognition of the relative prominence of household or individual-specific idiosyncratic risk as well as the increasing shift towards community-based development funding. The study discusses potential advantages (such as targeting, cost, and informational) and disadvantages (such as exclusion and inability to manage correlated risk) of these arrangements, and their implications for the design of innovative social fund programs.Rural Poverty Reduction,Labor Policies,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Debt Markets
The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks
Get PDFThe density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems. [Abstract copyright: © 2024. The Author(s).
