14 research outputs found
Modernity - Man\u27s Precarious Reality
No full textWelander examines the instability that modernity creates in life. By studying the work of sociologist Peter Berger, Welander explores some of the most important questions spawned by modernity. Traditional societies boasted a high understanding of normative values, frequently through religious institutions, whereas modernity, characterized by industrialization, urbanization, technological innovation, bureaucratization, and globalization, lacks those common, binding principles. Economic, social, ideological, and technological changes have also resulted in a new level of pluralism. While one or two societal institutions previously were able to rule society\u27s consciousness and stabilize morality, now hundreds of thousands of institutions vie for power. Overloading people with options makes it impossible for them to choose among them, and all the institutions find their power questioned and diminished. Therefore, subjectivity rules the modern context. Each individual is required to create his or her own identity without any significant help of institutions, making identity crises far more prevalent. There have been two primary responses to deal with the crisis inspired by pluralism: relativism and fundamentalism. Moral relativism proclaims that there can be no absolute truth: everyone\u27s beliefs are equally valid and equally untrue. On the other hand, fundamentalism proclaims the superiority of one option over all others. While this gives certainty to the group that believes in one option, it frequently makes for civil unrest. Neither of these reactions to pluralism answers how to find certainty in pluralism. Welander argues that while no easy answer appears to be forthcoming, it is of the utmost importance to continue to question and study responses to modernity because an unawareness of the implications of modern society will continue to result in frequent crises and conflicts
Nordic Settler Identities in Colonial Kenya: Class, Nationality and Race in Bror and Karen Blixen's Transimperial Lives
No full textThe British East African Protectorate began enticing white settlement to the country in early twentieth century. This article focuses on the white settler identity and experience of a Nordic couple, Bror and Karen Blixen, in colonial East Africa in the 1910s, when they shared ownership of a coffee farm near the Ngong Hills. Baron Bror Blixen-Finecke was related to the Swedish royal family, his wife and future author Karen Blixen a member of a wealthy Danish family, whose money was used to purchase the coffee farm in 1913. This article examines how the Blixens as a Nordic couple fitted in the white settler colonial community and how they related to their African servants, farm workers and neighbours. Furthermore, it discusses the problems Bror Blixen's Swedish nationality caused to the couple during World War I, when the protectorate's Swedes were suspected of harbouring German sympathies
Rennäringen i Sverige
No full textThe author gives an overview of reindeer husbandry in Sweden; the rights to practise reindeer husbandry. where to paractise it and by whom. Lastly, he summarizes some statistics of the reindeer husbandry
Lydene er musikkens græsrødder. Nogle betragtninger over lyd og rum
No full textSound is characterised by distinctive phenomenological qualities. It creates a ‘sound scape’ that - as space sensed through the ears - wraps itself around the listener as an intimate atmosphere, without distance and clear dimensionality. Sounds are deeply interwoven with religious symbolism, e.g. as shamans incantate or pick up the auditory signals of gods or spirits. Cultural sound control spaces. Nostalgically, the church bells filled the parish, as today the ‘holy noise’ of traffic filis the urban spaces. But noise can also be used as artistic material, as in the works of the composer Russolo or in the planned landscape opera created by Winther, Hagen and the author
Polyprene and Thioglycolic Acid
No full textAbstract
By the prolonged action of thioglycolic acid on small strips of crude Hevea rubber, the present author many years ago obtained a product of the composition, C5H8.90O0.01(SCH2CO2H)0.95, which was soluble in alkalies, and a similar product from balata, whereas under the same conditions gutta-percha did not react to any significant extent with thioglycolic acid. In benzene solution the addition of thioglycolic acid to rubber proceeds very slowly. It was found that a combination of the two methods, whereby the two reagents were dissolved in benzene, the benzene then allowed to evaporate spontaneously and the residue allowed to stand in the open air for some time, offered an easy means of carrying the reaction to completion, although the rubber was partially oxidized at the same time. In the procedure described in the present paper, the new method was employed as recently applied to the determination of the rubber contents of samples which were prepared in Svalöv in connection with development work on the rubber-bearing dandelion, Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin, carried out by the Sveriges Utsädesförening. As a means of comparison, the experiments were repeated in the same way with crude Hevea rubber, which had been obtained nine years before from the Hälsingborg Gummifabrik A.-B., and had been treated similarly at that time.</jats:p
Biographies about Animals: Ideological Perspectives in two Biographies about the Chimpanzee Julius
No full textLenke til utgiver: https://www.idunn.no/blft/2020/01/biografier_om_dyr
Copyright © 2020 Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 4.0
License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).I denne artikkelen ser jeg nærmere på hva som karakteriserer dyrebiografier, ved å nærlese Julius (1983) av Trygve B. Klingsheim og Alfred Fidjestøls biografi Som ein bror. Historia om sjimpansen Julius (2019). Nærlesingene viser hvordan dyrebiografiene formidler ideologiske perspektiver på forholdet mellom mennesker og andre dyr, og hvordan de aktualiserer spørsmål om hvorvidt det er mulig å forstå et dyrs adferd. Studien tar utgangspunkt i teori tilknyttet sakprosa for barn og unge (Sanders, 2018) og barne- og ungdomsbiografier (Goga, 2013b; 2015; 2018), ideologi i barnelitteraturen (Stephens, 1992; McCallum & Stephens, 2011) og animal studies (Björck, 2013; Berger, 1980).Abstract:
The aim of this article is to examine animal biographies, by studying Julius (1983) by Trygve BJ. Klingsheim and Alfred Fidjestøl’s biography Som ein bror. Historia om sjimpansen Julius (2019). A close reading of the two biographies reveals a certain ideology about the relationship between animals and humans. Furthermore, animal biographies brings to life discussions about whether it is possible to understand the behaviour of animals. The study is based on theory aimed at non-fiction for children and adolescents (Sanders, 2018) and children’s biographies (Goga, 2013b; 2015; 2018), as well as theory on ideology in children’s literature (Stephens, 1992; McCallum & Stephens, 2011) and animal studies (Björck, 2013, Berger, 1980).publishedVersio
En fråga för väljarna? : kampen om det lokala vetot 1893-1917
No full textThis study, En fråga för väljarna? Kampen om det lokala vetot 1893-1917 ("An Issue for the Voters? The Struggle over Local Veto Powers 1893-1917") provides an empirical test of the so-called Multiple Streams Approach developed by John Kingdon on the basis of the well-known Garbage Can Model. The political process investigated is the sustained effort by the Swedish temperance movement to introduce national legislation providing for 'local veto powers' i.e., the right of local governments to decide in a general referendum to prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages within its jurisdiction. The general conclusion of the study is that the Multiple Streams Approach is largely valid with respect to this Swedish policy process, and that some events are truly anarchic in character but also that other prominent features of the process do not fit the model very well.The study consists of nine chapters. The first chapter contains an overview of the study. The second chapter provides a theoretical introduction, a discussion of the constitutional setting of the process under investigation, and a presentation of the main actor, the Swedish temperance movement. In the third chapter there is a narrative of events concerning the issue of local veto powers during a first period (1893-1896), followed by a short chapter where the goals and strategies of the temperance movement are discussed. The fifth chapter describes developments during a second period (1907-1911), and the next one details some events of great import for future developments, including the rise of an 'anti-veto movement'. The seventh chapter narrates a third and final period (1914-1917) which puts an end to the struggle of the temperance movement for local veto powers. Chapter eight provides an evaluation of the entire process in terms of the Multiple Streams Approach - discussing how problems and solutions developed, how the so-called political entrepreneurs behaved, why actors fail for so long to reach a decision and why they eventually succeed. In the final chapter one of the key concepts of the model - the so-called policy window - is discussed in considerable detail, both in view of Kingdon's own ideas and in relation to the relevant conclusions reached by another author who has discussed this concept, Nikolaos Zahariadis, as part of his research on privatization policies in Britain and France. The final chapter also contains a discussion of one of the more spectacular elements of the Multiple Streams Approach (and of the Garbage Can Model), namely the statement that solutions may well under certain circumstances precede problems.</p
Global beta diversity patterns of microbial communities in the surface and deep ocean
No full textThis is contribution 1112 from AZTI Marine Research Division.-- 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13572.-- Data Availability Statement: DNA sequences for surface prokaryotes are publicly available at the European Nucleotide Archive [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena; accession number PRJEB25224 (16S rRNA genes)], for deep prokaryotes at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra) under accession ID SRP031469, and for surface and deep picoeukaryotes at the European Nucleotide Archive with accession number PRJEB23771 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena). Environmental data used in this study are available from https://github.com/ramalok/malaspina.surface.metabacoding, Giner et al. (2020) and Salazar et al. (2015). The code to analyze the data and produce the figures of this research is available from the corresponding author upon request.-- This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Ernesto Villarino, James R. Watson, Guillem Chust ,A. John Woodill, Benjamin Klempay, Bror Jonsson, Josep M. Gasol, Ramiro Logares, Ramon Massana, Caterina R. Giner, Guillem Salazar, X. Anton Alvarez-Salgado, Teresa S. Catala, Carlos M. Duarte, Susana Agusti, Francisco Mauro, Xabier Irigoien, Andrew D. Barton; Global beta diversity patterns of microbial communities in the surface and deep ocean; Global Ecology and Biogeography 31(11): 2323-2336 (2022), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13572. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsAim: Dispersal and environmental gradients shape marine microbial communities, yet the relative importance of these factors across taxa with distinct sizes and dispersal capacity in different ocean layers is unknown. Here, we report a comparative analysis of surface and deep ocean microbial beta diversity and examine how these patterns are tied to oceanic distance and environmental gradients.
Location: Tropical and subtropical oceans (30°N–40°S).
Time period: 2010-2011.
Major taxa studied: Prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes (eukaryotes between 0.2 and 3 μm).
Methods: Beta diversity was calculated from metabarcoding data on prokaryotic and picoeukaryotic microbes collected during the Malaspina expedition across the tropical and subtropical oceans. Mantel correlations were used to determine the relative contribution of environment and oceanic distance driving community beta diversity.
Results: Mean community similarity across all sites for prokaryotes was 38.9% in the surface and 51.4% in the deep ocean, compared to mean similarity of 25.8 and 12.1% in the surface and deep ocean, respectively, for picoeukaryotes. Higher dispersal rates and smaller body sizes of prokaryotes relative to picoeukaryotes likely contributed to the significantly higher community similarity for prokaryotes compared with picoeukaryotes. The ecological mechanisms determining the biogeography of microbes varied across depth. In the surface ocean, the environmental differences in space were a more important factor driving microbial distribution compared with the oceanic distance, defined as the shortest path between two sites avoiding land. In the deep ocean, picoeukaryote communities were slightly more structured by the oceanic distance, while prokaryotes were shaped by the combined action of oceanic distance and environmental filtering.
Main conclusions: Horizontal gradients in microbial community assembly differed across ocean depths, as did mechanisms shaping them. In the deep ocean, the oceanic distance and environment played significant roles driving microbial spatial distribution, while in the surface the influence of the environment was stronger than oceanic distanceData collection was funded by the Malaspina 2010 Circumnavigation Expedition project (Consolider-Ingenio 2010, CSD2008-00077) and cofunded by the Basque Government (Department Deputy of Agriculture, Fishing and Food Policy). We acknowledge funding from the Spanish Government through the “Severo Ochoa Center of Excelence” accreditation CEX2019-000928-S. [...] We also acknowledge H2020 Mission Atlantic project (Ref. Grant Agreement Number 862428). EV was supported by an international exchange post-doc scholarship to Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Oregon State University granted by the Education Department of the Basque GovernmentPeer reviewe
Climate-driven bio-physical changes in feeding and breeding environments explain the decline of southernmost European Atlantic salmon populations
No full textThe consistency of the global declining trend of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar populations suggests that climate-driven reduced survival and growth at sea are the main driving factors. The southernmost populations have experienced the greatest declines, consistent with harsher conditions in natal freshwaters. We analyzed temporal trends in Spanish Atlantic salmon, important food organisms at sea, and climatic variables in the breeding (freshwater) and feeding (marine) salmon areas from 1950 onwards, to elucidate drivers of declining patterns. Salmon abundance dropped abruptly in 1970-1971, plausibly linked to widespread overfishing coincident with incipient changes in the marine food-webs and freshwater hydrology. A major regime shift in bio-physical conditions throughout the North Atlantic salmon feeding grounds occurred in 1986-1987, driven by the concurrence of an abrupt acceleration in the anthropogenic warming trend and the warm phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. This regime shift may be the proximate cause of the collapse of Spanish salmon observed in 1988-1989, which kept declining in parallel to trends of ever-increasing ocean and freshwater temperatures, decreasing river flows, and poorer marine trophic conditions.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
English spelling in the seventeenth century : a study of the nature of standardisation as seen through the MS and printed versions of the Duke of Newcastle's 'A New Method ...'.
No full textIn 2 vols.Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX201006 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
