120 research outputs found
Experimental Study For a Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer From an Isothermal Heated Square Plate With and Without Circular Hole
No full textAn experimental investigation of natural convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal,vertical and inclined heated square flat plates with and without circular hole, were carried out in two cases, perforated plates without an impermeable adiabatic hole "open core" and perforated plates with an impermeable adiabatic hole "closed core" by adiabatic plug. The experiments covered the laminar region with a range of Rayleih number of (1.11x106 ≤RaLo≤4.39x106 ), at Prandtle number (Pr=0.7). Practical experiments have been done with variable inclination angles from horizon (Ф=0o ,45o,90o,135oand 180o),facing upward (0o≤Ф<90o), and downward (90o
≤Ф<180o). The results showed that the temperature gradient increases while the thermal boundary layer thickness decreases when Grashof number and perforation ratio (m) increase . The temperature gradient for inclined position facing upward is less than facing downward,while the thermal boundary layer thickness is greater. The temperature gradient decreases while the thermal boundary layer thickness increases for perforated plates with an adiabatic core as compared with perforated plates without an adiabatic core. The value of average Nusselt number increases with increasing perforation ratio, and Grashof number for all specimens with and without an adiabatic core, also increases by increase in inclination of plates approaching the higher value at vertical position (Ф=90o
), then decreases with increasing inclination of plates till horizontal position (Ф=180o). The average Nusselt number values for perforated plates with an adiabatic core are lower than for perforated plates without an adiabatic core for all perforation ratios. Maximum heat transfer rate occurs at perforated plate with perforation ratio of (m=0.1) without adiabatic core for vertical position (Ф=90o), at a range of Grashof number (1.576x106≤GrLo≤6.292x106 ), while the rate of heat transfer decreases with increasing perforation ratio for plates with and without adiabatic core for decrease in heat transfer rate area. The rate of heat transfer for
perforated plates with circular hole is more than for perforated plates with square hole at the same perforation ratios (m=0.1,0.16,0.24 and 0.36). It found that the lack of core flow decreases the overall heat transfer rate by (6.477%) . There was a good agreement for the experimental present work results compared with other pervious results .
Percutaneous coronary intervention in nonagenarians
No full textAbstract
Background:
Due to aging population, nonagenarians are increasingly undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the safety and efficacy of PCI in this elderly population remains somewhat unknown.
Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of consecutive nonagenarians who underwent PCI at the Oulu University Hospital between 2012 and 2022. Patients (n = 107; mean age 91.2 ± 1.4 years; 58.9% women) were stratified into three groups based on their presentation: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) or stable coronary artery disease (CAD). One-year mortality was the primary outcome of this analysis. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital major bleeding and 1-year rates of myocardial infarction, stroke and repeat revascularisation.
Results:
Majority had acute coronary syndrome, with STEMI in 35 (32.7%) and NSTEACS in 51 (47.7%) patients, while in 21 (19.6%) patients’ indication was stable CAD. Early mortality was mainly related to STEMI (in-hospital mortality: STEMI 22.9% vs. NSTEACS 5.9% vs. stable CAD 0.0%, p = 0.011; 30-day mortality: 34.3% vs. 13.7% vs. 4.8%, respectively, p = 0.011). Rate of major in-hospital bleeding was 3.7%. There was no significant difference in 1-year mortality between groups (40.0% vs. 27.5% vs. 19.0%, respectively, p = 0.227). One-year rates for myocardial infarction, stroke and repeat revascularisation were 7.5%, 1.9% and 3.7%, respectively.
Conclusions:
Excess mortality in nonagenarians undergoing PCI is mainly related to STEMI where it is driven by early adverse events. Mortality in this study can be seen as acceptable in comparison to that in general population, supporting the use of PCI in selected nonagenarians.Abstract
Background:
Due to aging population, nonagenarians are increasingly undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the safety and efficacy of PCI in this elderly population remains somewhat unknown.
Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of consecutive nonagenarians who underwent PCI at the Oulu University Hospital between 2012 and 2022. Patients (n = 107; mean age 91.2 ± 1.4 years; 58.9% women) were stratified into three groups based on their presentation: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) or stable coronary artery disease (CAD). One-year mortality was the primary outcome of this analysis. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital major bleeding and 1-year rates of myocardial infarction, stroke and repeat revascularisation.
Results:
Majority had acute coronary syndrome, with STEMI in 35 (32.7%) and NSTEACS in 51 (47.7%) patients, while in 21 (19.6%) patients’ indication was stable CAD. Early mortality was mainly related to STEMI (in-hospital mortality: STEMI 22.9% vs. NSTEACS 5.9% vs. stable CAD 0.0%, p = 0.011; 30-day mortality: 34.3% vs. 13.7% vs. 4.8%, respectively, p = 0.011). Rate of major in-hospital bleeding was 3.7%. There was no significant difference in 1-year mortality between groups (40.0% vs. 27.5% vs. 19.0%, respectively, p = 0.227). One-year rates for myocardial infarction, stroke and repeat revascularisation were 7.5%, 1.9% and 3.7%, respectively.
Conclusions:
Excess mortality in nonagenarians undergoing PCI is mainly related to STEMI where it is driven by early adverse events. Mortality in this study can be seen as acceptable in comparison to that in general population, supporting the use of PCI in selected nonagenarians
Predictors of job crafting in SMEs working in an ICT-based mobile and multilocational manner
No full textFunding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The research project was financed by the European Social Fund awarded by the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022.This article extends the discussion of the predictors of job crafting to include small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) working in an information and communication technologies (ICT)-based mobile and multilocational manner. Based on a survey (N = 412) conducted in 43 Finnish SMEs, the job and personal resources-related predictors of approach and avoidance types of job crafting were analysed. From job resources, co-working, multilocality, the resources in the physical work environment, useful ICT and social support predicted the approach types of job crafting. Intrinsic motivation, relatedness and feeling competent as personal resources activated the approach types of job crafting. Drawing on background variables, being a younger firm activated job crafting. Avoidance type of job crafting was predicted positively by the resources in the physical work environment. This article suggests that knowledge about the predictors of job crafting encourages SMEs to activate this practice among its personnel.Peer reviewe
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
No full textApproaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups
The Aftermath of the "New Economy" Bust : a Case Study of Five OECD Countries
No full textFew things have been said about the nature of the aftermath of the "new economy" bust. This paper aims to add to the debate. Our study focuses on five OECD countries: the United States, Ireland and Finland for their obvious status of leader ICT countries; the Netherlands for their similarities with the above mentioned countries and France as a national reference. For a better understanding of how each country has been performing since the Internet bubble burst, we first describe the importance of the ICT sector in these countries through a set of variables: the contribution of the ICT sector to GDP growth and productivity growth; the surge in information processing equipment and software investment; the contribution of the ICT sector to jobs growth and the ICT share in foreign trade and direct investment. We then describe the timing of the downturn in terms of synchronization between the countries and in terms of adjustment of macroeconomic variables. The ICT sector has been strongly hit by the correction of the excesses of the sunnier days during the second half of the nineties, and is still restructuring. But its growth potential is also still high.New Economy; ICT; Productivity
Yrityksen sivuston uudistaminen HTML5-tekniikoin
No full textHTML5:ssä on tapahtunut merkittäviä edistysaskeleita viime vuosina. Tämä tekee HTML5:stä kiinnostavan aiheen sivuston kehittäjän kannalta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on tutkia ja hyödyntää uusia HTML5-tekniikoita yrityksen sivuston toteuttamisessa. Opinnäytetyön aihe tuli BPM Helsinki nimisen yrityksen tarpeesta uudistaa internet-sivustonsa. Ajatus uusien HTML5-tekniikoiden hyödyntämisestä lähti opinnäytetyön tekijän kiinnostuksesta web-tekniikoita kohtaan.
Teoriaosuuden tavoitteena on esitellä kattavasti HTML5:n merkitys nykyisin, unohtamatta sen kehityshistoriaa, sekä tuoda esille sivuston kehittäjän kannalta olennaisia osa-alueita. Empiriassa keskitytään sivuston kannalta tärkeimpien asioiden, kuten sivurakenteen uudistamiseen, sekä uuden HTML5-video tekniikan sisällyttämiseen sivustolle.
Opinnäytetyö on rajattu sivuston kannalta tärkeimpiin uudistuksiin. Opinnäytetyön kokonaistavoitteena on rakentaa yrityksen kanssa neuvoteltu sivusto määräajassa, sekä lisätä opinnäytetyön tekijän ymmärrystä HTML5:n merkityksestä nyt ja tulevaisuudessa. Opinnäytetyön keskittyessä HTML5:n tuomiin uusiin tekniikoihin on lukijan hyvä omata perustiedot HTML:n tekniikoista ja ohjelmoinnista.
Sivustoprojekti toteutetaan hyödyntäen NetBeans-kehitysympäristöä, sekä erillistä kotisivua. Sivustoprojekti toteutetaan yhdessä yrityksen kanssa syksyn 2012 aikana.
Sivusto valmistui sovitussa aikataulussa. Yritys sekä opinnäytetyön tekijä olivat tyytyväisiä saavutettuun lopputulokseen. Lisäksi opinnäytetyön tekijä sai hyvän kokonaiskäsityksen HTML5:n monimuotoisuudesta ja sen mahdollisuuksista tulevaisuudessa.HTML5 has made significant advances in recent years. This makes HTML5 a topic of interest from the site developer's point of view. The purpose of this study was to ex-plore and take advantage of new HTML5 technologies for the implementation of the company's site. The subject of the thesis came up when BPM Helsinki company ex-pressed a need to reform its website. The idea of using new HTML5 technologies began from the author´s interest in web technologies.
The aim of the theory is to present a comprehensive role of HTML5 today, not to mention the history of its development as well as to bring out relevant areas from the developer´s perspective. The empirical part focuses on the most important issues re-garding the reform of the website, such as the restructuring of the page as well as im-plementing new HTML5-video technology into the site.
The thesis is limited to the most important reforms of the site. The overall objective of the thesis is to build the company site within the agreed time, and to increase the au-thor's understanding of HTML5's role now and in the future. The thesis focuses on HTML5 new technologies and the reader should have a basic knowledge of HTML and programming techniques.
The site project is implemented using the NetBeans development environment, as well as a separate home page. The site project will be implemented together with the com-pany in autumn 2012.
The site was completed on schedule. The company and the author of the thesis were satisfied with the final outcome. Additionally, the author got a good overall under-standing of HTML5's diversity and its potential for the future
Paperikoneen materiaalihyötysuhteen parantaminen
No full textTämä opinnäytetyö tehtiin UPM Kymmene Oyj:n Tervasaaren paperikone viidelle. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää keinoja PK5:n materiaalihyötysuhteen parantamiseksi. PK5:n konelinjan hylkyprosentti oli noussut vuosien 2008–2012 aikana 9,31:sta 10,85:een. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteeksi asetettiin hylyn määrän vähentäminen yhdellä prosentilla.
Opinnäytetyön tekeminen aloitettiin kartoittamalla PK5:n hylyn koostumus tehdasjärjestelmistä vuosilta 2008–2012. Saaduista tiedoista valittiin suurimmat hylyn aiheuttajat, joihin voisi vaikuttaa ilman suuria investointeja. Opinnäytetyön suorittamiseen käytettiin opinnäytetyön tekijän omaa sekä muilta työntekijöiltä saatua ammattiosaamista.
PK5:n materiaalihyötysuhteen parantamiseksi tutkittiin neljää eri kohdetta. Opinnäytetyön kokeellisessa osassa tutkittiin pohjahylyn vähentämistä superkalanterilla, häiriötilanteista tavoitelaatuun pääsyn nopeuttamista liimapuristimella, vaihtojen optimoimista rullaimella ja pallopesujen ennakoimista lajinvaihtoihin.
Tutkimustulosten perusteella työtapojen ja toiminnan muutoksilla hylyn määrää oli mahdollista vähentää 1,47 prosenttia vuodessa. Pohjahylyn osalta saavutettavien säästöjen määrä voidaan laskea etukäteen. Muiden muutosten osalta tarkat laskelmat saavutettavista säästöistä voidaan tehdä vasta jälkikäteen.This bachelor’s thesis was commissioned for the Paper Machine 5 at UPM Kymmene Oyj Tervasaari mill. The purpose of the thesis was to determine methods for improving the material efficiency of PM5. The broke percent-age of PM5 had increased during the years 2008–2012 from 9.31 to 10.85. The aim of this thesis was to decrease the amount of broke by one percent.
The project was started by examining the reasons for broke with PM5 from the past five years, 2008–2012. The necessary background information was found in production management systems. The gathered information was used to select the major broke reasons, which could be impacted without large investments. The study was carried out with the help of the professional knowledge and experience of the author and other workers at UPM.
Four different targets were examined to improve the material efficiency of PM5. These were studied more closely in the experimental part of this the-sis project and they included: reducing the bottom broke with the supercalander, shortening the time spent on getting back to order quality from disruptions, optimizing shifts at the wheeler and predicting ball wash to grade changes.
Based on the results of this study, trough changes in the working methods and operations the amount of broke can be decreased by 1.47 percent per year. Savings as to the bottom broke can be also calculated in advance. Accurate calculations can be done afterwards as to other targets for saving
Circulating oxylipin and bile acid profiles of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine : a randomised controlled trial using tandem mass spectrometry
No full textBackground This exploratory study aimed to investigate whether dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine affect oxylipins and bile acids, which are functionally diverse molecules with possible connections to cellular bioenergetics, immune modulation, and organ protection. Methods In this randomised, open-label, controlled, parallel group, Phase IV clinical drug trial, healthy male subjects (n=160) received equipotent doses (EC50 for verbal command) of dexmedetomidine (1.5 ng ml−1; n=40), propofol (1.7 μg ml−1; n=40), sevoflurane (0.9% end-tidal; n=40), S-ketamine (0.75 μg ml−1; n=20), or placebo (n=20). Blood samples for tandem mass spectrometry were obtained at baseline, after study drug administration at 60 and 130 min from baseline; 40 metabolites were analysed. Results Statistically significant changes vs placebo were observed in 62.5%, 12.5%, 5.0%, and 2.5% of analytes in dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine groups, respectively. Data are presented as standard deviation score, 95% confidence interval, and P-value. Dexmedetomidine induced wide-ranging decreases in oxylipins and bile acids. Amongst others, 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (DiHOME) –1.19 (–1.6; –0.78), P<0.001 and 12,13-DiHOME –1.22 (–1.66; –0.77), P<0.001 were affected. Propofol elevated 9,10-DiHOME 2.29 (1.62; 2.96), P<0.001 and 12,13-DiHOME 2.13 (1.42; 2.84), P<0.001. Analytes were mostly unaffected by S-ketamine. Sevoflurane decreased tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) –2.7 (–3.84; –1.55), P=0.015. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine-induced oxylipin alterations may be connected to pathways associated with organ protection. In contrast to dexmedetomidine, propofol emulsion elevated DiHOMEs, oxylipins associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mitochondrial dysfunction in high concentrations. Further research is needed to establish the behaviour of DIHOMEs during prolonged propofol/dexmedetomidine infusions and to verify the sevoflurane-induced reduction in TUDCA, a suggested neuroprotective agent. Clinical trial registration NCT02624401.CC BY 4.0 DEEDCorresponding author: Aleksi Nummela, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. E-mail: [email protected]:Academy of Finland (266467 and 266434); Emil Aaltonen Foundation to LL; Finnish Medical Foundation, Eero Matti Raninen Fund to AN; Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation; Orion Research Foundation to LL; The Paulo Foundation to LL; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation to KV; University of Turku Graduate School, University of Turku to AN.</p
Perceptions of justice influencing community acceptance of spent nuclear fuel disposal. A case study in two Finnish nuclear communities
No full textFinal disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from nuclear power plants (NPPs) is an ethical issue with implications within and across generations. We address this issue from the perspective of nuclear communities that host nuclear waste disposal sites. These are primarily the communities that face injustice due to the potential radiological risks. A resident survey (n = 454) was conducted in two Finnish nuclear communities, i.e. Eurajoki and Pyhäjoki, that are being considered as alternative sites for a second repository for SNF. The nuclear waste management (NWM) company Posiva is already building a repository in Eurajoki, the first in Finland. These communities are in different stages of their lifecycles as nuclear communities. We investigated the residents’ conceptions of justice and trust regarding the repository SNF management and its main actors, and how these conceptions related to acceptance of the repository. The main findings show that residents of both communities perceived intragenerational and intergenerational injustices to be important in the procedures and the distribution of risks and benefits of the proposed repository. Claims regarding justice and trust were related to the acceptance of the repository. The community with the longer history with NWM expressed greater mistrust and perceived greater procedural injustice than the community with less earlier experience, which–in turn–expressed more concern over intragenerational distributive justice than the former community. Moreover, having longer history with NWM did not lead to a different understanding regarding responsibility toward future generations as resident’s in both communities expressed similar concern over intergenerational justice. Moreover, having more experience of NWM did not enhance local acceptance. We emphasize that these results should be understood in the light of the prevailing situation in Finland, where the planning of the second repository is at a very early stage.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog
Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke
No full textGenetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 × 10<sup>−11</sup>; odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes
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