74 research outputs found
PENGARUH KINERJA PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP BIAYA KEAGENAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, DAN THAILAND: PERIODE PENELITIAN TAHUN 2009-2013
No full textArio Wicaksono, 2015; The Effect of Firm Performance, Leverage, Firm Size, and Firm Growth on Agency Cost of Trading Company in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand period 2009 – 2013.
In this study, the author investigating the relationship between company performance, leverage, firm size and firm growth on the agency costs. In the company, there is bias information between the manager of the company (agent) and the depositor of funds to the company (principal), it is called asymmetric information. The existence of biased information is, of course, its impact to the state of the company that is negative, especially for the performance of the company itself. Costs incurred because of irregularities such information is called agency costs. Researchers used the company's performance, leverage, firm size and growth of the company as an independent variable. Good performance is expected to reduce agency costs which may be incurred in a company.
Researchers used a sample of 19 trading companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange listing, 26 trading companies listing on Bursa Malaysia, and 29 trading companies listed on the Thailand Stock Exchange in 2009 - 2013. The empirical results show varying results depending on the country sample, the performance of the company significant effect on agency costs in trading companies
Assessment of the Costs of Business Interruption caused by Large-scale Floods
No full textIn the Netherlands one of the most important methods to determine the level of flood protection is a cost-benefit analysis. In this analysis the costs (investment and maintenance costs of dikes) are balanced with the benefits (a reduction of flood risk). Risk is defined as the product of probability and consequence. This approach requires a good estimate of the consequences of floods. A large contributor to the total costs of a flood are the losses due to business interruption. This is defined as forgone value added that is not created due to the fact that firms have to stop production. The causes of the production stop considered in this thesis are material damage to the production facilities of the considered firms and both forward and backward effects in the supply chain. The latter effects include the interruption of firms which are not flooded themselves, unlike their suppliers or buyers. In the Netherlands the software package HIS-SSM (Hoogwater Informatie Systeem – Schade en Slachtoffer Module) is used to determine the consequences of possible floods. This model uses a damage function approach to determine the losses due to business interruption, in which the duration of the business interruption depends on the water depth only. As a result of this assumption, the losses due to business interruption expressed as a share of the material damage range between 1.5 and 5%, independent of the scale of the flood according to HIS-SSM. An analysis of actual floods shows that these figures are between 30% and 125% for large-scale floods. The considered floods for these figures are hurricane Katrina in 2005, hurricane Sandy in 2012, the tsunami in Japan in 2011 and the river floods in Thailand in 2011. Therefore, the losses due to business interruption as calculated by HIS-SSM are expected to be an underestimation of the actual losses due to business interruption. For this reason the ARIO (Adaptive Regional Input-Output) model has been used to determine the losses due to business interruption as well. The ARIO model has only been used for academic purposes so far. Both models have been applied to three cases in the Netherlands, which comprise the flooding of the province of South-Holland, Groningen and the small town of Arcen. The results of the case studies show that the estimates of the losses due to business interruption as calculated by the ARIO model are more in line with figures from actual floods. Both HIS-SSM and the ARIO model have some drawbacks however. The ARIO model appears to be able to determine the losses due to business interruption more accurately than HIS-SSM. Many important processes in the aftermath of a flood are not considered in both models however, such as flood duration and substitution effects. In both models the consequences of flooding of unique firms or infrastructure are underestimated. This is a result of the sector approach in both models, in which all firms are assigned to a certain sector. The transformation of material damage to production capacity has a large influence on the results of the ARIO model. The costs of permanent relocation of firms to foreign countries is also not taken into account in these models, while a simple calculation shows that these might contribute significantly to the total costs of a flood. Some assumptions in this calculation are based on interviews conducted with a member of the Dutch parliament and a professor at Delft University of Technology. Measures to reduce the losses due to business interruption should also be considered in the Dutch flood protection policy, after a cost-benefit analysis has been performed for these measures.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Analisis Pemeriksaan Dan Perawatan Dinding Terowongan MRT Jakarta
No full textTunnel construction in the Jakarta MRT (MRTJ) is a concrete tunnel that was built using the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) drill machine. Tunnel walls in underground construction use pre-cast (segment) concrete materials arranged in a circle directly into one ring segment by TBM. Tunnel checks are needed to be the basis of diagnosis in tunnel care. Tunnel maintenance is carried out to maintain the condition of the tunnel to function properly and safely to be operated in a sustainable manner in accordance with the predicted load, including: the burden of soil or overburden, dead load and live load, load due to water pressure, earthquake load, and other loads that will affect tunnel construction. The results of the study that damage to the tunnel wall can be classified as leaks and cracks. Examination of components in the MRTJ tunnel wall by paying attention to the detail part of the wall in the form of segment bolts, connections between segments, concrete structures in segments. As for the maintenance carried out to repair and prevent tunnel wall leaks, it can be done by grouting polyurethane liquids and replacing rubber sealing on the bolts, for treatment due to cracks can be done by grouting liquid microscopy and plastering.Konstruksi terowongan pada MRT Jakarta (MRTJ) adalah terowongan beton yang dibangun dengan menggunakan mesin bor Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). Dinding terowongan pada konstruksi underground menggunakan material beton pre-cast (segment) yang disusun melingkar menjadi satu ring segment secara langsung oleh TBM. Pemeriksaan pada terowongan diperlukan untuk menjadi dasar diagnosa dalam perawatan terowongan. Perawatan terowongan dilakukan untuk menjaga kondisi terowongan dapat berfungsi dengan baik dan aman untuk dioperasikan secara berkelanjutan sesuai dengan beban yang telah diperkirakan, meliputi: beban tanah atau batuan di atasnya (overburden), beban mati dan beban hidup, beban akibat tekanan air, beban gempa, dan beban lainnya yang akan mempengaruhi konstruksi terowongan. Hasil penelitian bahwa kerusakan pada dinding terowongan dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai kebocoran dan keretakan. Pelaksanaan pemeriksaan komponen pada dinding terowongan MRTJ dengan memperhatikan bagian detail pada dinding berupa baut segmen, sambungan antar segmen, struktur beton pada segmen. Sementara untuk perawatan yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki dan mencegah kebocoran dinding terowongan dapat dilakukuan dengan Grouting cairan polyurethane dan Mengganti karet sealing pada baut, untuk perawatan akibat keretakan dapat dilakukan dengan Grouting cairan mikrosemen dan plesteran
Assessment of the losses due to business interruption caused by large-scale floods
No full textThe economic consequences of floods, both in the form of material damage and losses due to business interruption, can be large. This paper presents a comparison between two approaches to determine the losses due to business interruption caused by large-scale floods. A model (HIS-SSM) containing a damage function approach and an Adaptive Input-Output model (ARIO) are applied to a hypothetical flood in The Netherlands. The results of the case study are compared to the costs of recent large-scale floods in the US and in Asia. The comparison shows that the losses due to business interruption are underestimated by HIS-SSM. The results of the ARIO model are in line with the figures from recent large-scale floods, but they depend strongly on how material damage is transformed to a production capacity. Furthermore, both models underestimate the losses due to business interruption if a unique object is flooded. We recommend to perform more validation studies with HIS-SSM and possibly replace the damage function approach with an input-output model approach for computing losses due to business interruption. Moreover, we recommend to perform more research on the relation between material damage and production capacity and to determine the consequences of flooding of unique objects on the level of the individual firm.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
MOTIVASI MOBILITIAS SOSIAL TOKOH JAY GATSBY DI ERA JAZZ AGE DALAM NOVEL THE GREAT GATSBY KARYA F. SCOTT FITZGERALD
No full textThis study entitled "Motivation of Social Mobility in the novel The Great Gatsby by. F. Scott Fitzgerald". The author is interested in researching the novel because there is social mobilit y reflected through the character, Jay Gatsby. The purpose of this study is to reveal forms of social mobility and motivation of character; To achieve the goals, the authors used a combined approach of structural and sociological approach to literature. The structural approach used to assess the intrinsic aspects of the novel, character and background, while the sociological approach to literature using the theory of social mobility to assess the social mobility of the character‟ motivation to improve and maintain his social class. In this novel, there is found kind of social mobility that done Jay Gatsby. It is vertical social mobility. Vertical social mobility is divided into two forms, upward and downward. Vertical social mobility, up from the characters increase the level of the economy and increase social class through work and marriage. There are some motivation behind social mobility such as increasing and maintaining social class. Social mobility that occurs in the novel The Great Gatsby become an author\u27s ideas reflect author‟s the social conditions. Through his ideas, the author intends to criticize how the importance of social class and social conditions of 1920s America while experiencing economic growth that brings influence to the people in hedonism and consumerism. So they do their social mobility in order to increase their economy level by the end justify the means.Keywords: novel, structural approach, sociology of literature, social mobilit
Analisis dan Implementasi Modidikasi Arithmetic Coding Hybrid Ario dalam Kompresi SMS pada Android Smartphone
No full textABSTRAKSI: Salah satu fitur dari teknologi telekomunikasi yang digunakan pada masa sekarang ini adalah SMS (Short Message Service). Biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk penggunaan SMS sendiri terbilang relatif terjangkau, sehingga masyarakat pada umumnya lebih memilih untuk menggunakan SMS dalam menyampaikan informasi singkat yang ingin mereka sampaikan.Pada sebuah SMS, informasi yang dapat dikirimkan hanya terbatas hingga 160 karakter saja.Dalam kondisi tertentu, SMS yang dikirimkan memiliki jumlah deret hingga 178 karakter, sehingga SMS tersebut akan dihitung sebagai pengiriman biaya 2 SMS. Untuk mengefektifkan penggunaan ruang jumlah karakter yang dapat ditampung oleh sebuah SMS, teknik kompresi SMS menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk permasalahan ini.Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis mencoba mengimplementasikan metode ACHA (Arithmetic Coding Hybrid Ario) dalam kompresi SMS pada Android smartphone. Metode ACHA berawal dari Arithmetic Coding, yaitu suatu metode yang bekerja dengan mengubah suatu string menjadi nilai decimal dalam rentang nilai 0 dan 1. Tetapi, SMS hasil kompresi dari Arithmetic Coding membutuhkan ruang tambahan untuk data tabel karakter yang digunakan dalam proses kompresi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah strategi yang tepat untuk efisiensi penggunaan ruang karakter pada SMS yang jumlahnya sangat terbatas.Dalam proses efisiensi penggunaan ruang karakter SMS, penulis menerapkan metode ACHA yang mampu menghasilkan keluaran digit decimal Arithmetic Codingdalam bentuk representasi data yang lebih efisien dalam penggunaan ruang karakter SMS. Pada metode ACHA, terdapat 4 komponen penting yang menjadi pengaruh utama dalam penggunan metode ACHA ini. Keempat komponen penting tersebut adalah parameter pengatur presisi CN (Code Number), DUK (Deret Upa Konfigurasi), variasi karakter TPKU, dan jumlah karakter isi SMS. Rasio kompresi SMS yang dihasilkan oleh metode ACHA mampu mencapai 35.62% sedangkan dari sisi biaya pengiriman SMS, SMS terkompresi yang mampu dihasilkan adalah N-2 biaya jumlah SMS dari N biaya SMS awal pada saat SMS yang dikirimkan adalah 4 atau 5 biaya SMS.Kata Kunci : Arithmetic Coding, Android, karakter, kompresi, dekompresiABSTRACT: One of the features of the telecommunication technologies are used at present is the SMS (Short Message Service). The costs required for the use of SMS itself are relatively affordable, so that society in general prefer to use SMS in conveying information they want to convey. On an SMS, the information may be sent is limited to 160 characters only. Under certain conditions, an SMS that was sent has a sequence of up to 180 characters, so the SMS will be calculated as shipping cost 2 SMS. In order to streamline the use of space is the number of characters that can be accommodated by a SMS, SMS compression technique to be the right solution for this problem.Base on it, the author tried to implement methods of ACHA (Arithmetic Coding Hybrid Ario) in compression of SMS on your Android smartphone. ACHA method originating from Arithmetic Coding, which is a method that works by converting a string into a decimal value in the range of values 0 and 1. However, the results of compression of SMS Arithmetic Coding requires additional space for table data characters that are used in the process of compression. Therefore, it is necessary a strategy that\u27s right for the efficiency of the use of space characters at the SMS number is very limited.In the process of the efficiency of the use of space characters in SMS, the author applied the method which is capable of producing output ACHA digit decimal Arithmetic Coding in the form of data representation that is more efficient in the use of space characters in SMS. On the method of ACHA, there are 4 key components which became a major influence in the use of the method of ACHA. The four essential components are precision regulator parameter CN (Code Number), DUK (Upa Series Configuration), variation characters of TPKU, and a length character content of an SMS. SMS compression ratio produced by ACHA method capable of achieving 35.62%, while the cost of SMS sending, SMS capable of resulting compressed is N-2 cost amount of SMS from the SMS cost at N the beginning time of SMS sent is 4 or 5 SMS fees.Keyword: Arithmetic Coding, Android, character, compression, decompressio
Crescimento econômico e política fiscal : uma verificação empírica para o Rio Grande do Sul nos anos de 1970 a 2008
No full textEsta monografia faz um estudo das relações entre as variáveis fiscais e o crescimento econômico no estado do Rio Grande do Sul para o período compreendido entre 1970 até 2008. O Trabalho é um estudo de caso onde se busca verificar as relações entre a Política Fiscal e o Crescimento Econômico propostas pela Teoria do Crescimento Endógeno através do modelo ARDL. Os resultados, em geral, corroboram para a idéia de que as variáveis fiscais são correlacionadas com o crescimento da economia. Sendo assim o autor considera a possibilidade de que a ação do estado gera impactos no crescimento econômico. Por isso, o estudo da Economia do Setor Público deve ter o intuito de melhorar a atuação governamental no sistema econômico, para que o Estado possa possibilitar benefícios à população sem impor dificuldades ao crescimento econômico.This monograph is a study of the relationship between fiscal variables and economic growth in the state of Rio Grande do Sul for the period from 1970 to 2008. The Work is a case study where we seek to examine relationships between Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth proposals for the Theory of Endogenous Growth through the ARDL model. The results generally corroborate the idea that fiscal variables are correlated with economic growth. Thereby the author considers the possibility that the state action has an impact on economic growth. Thus the study of the Economics of the Public Sector must have an intention to improve government performance in the economic system so that the state can allow benefits to the population without impose difficulties to economic growth
Hierarchical Structural Analysis for the Multi-Folding Structures with Hill-Top Bifurcation Points
No full textAbstractThis paper reviews the theoretical basis for the dynamic numerical analysis to examine the elastic stability of the multi-folding microstructure(MFM) [1]. The analysis allows for geometrical non-linearity with localization based upon bifurcation theory [2]. Comparisons are made between experimental folding patterns and the patterns obtained from the numerical method in which bifurcations are demonstrated as elastic unstable behavior (e.g. [3]). We have obtained interesting bifurcation paths from the hill-top singular point on a diamond truss which is one of the folding multi-layered truss in a plane. The author suggest that the understanding of snap-through behavior for folding mechanics in 3D will be very useful for the development of lightweight structures subject to bifurcation of the hilltop branching type
Analisis Penawaran dan Permintaan Wisata di Kawasan Danau Toba Kabupaten Samosir
No full textThis study aimed to determine and analyze. Supply and Demand Tourism In The Region Of Lake Toba Regency of Samosir. The method of analysis used by the author in this undergraduate thesis is descriptive method, In which this method aimed to systematically collect, analyze and interpret the data through descriptions to reach a conclusion..
In the preliminary stages, validity and reliability examination were conducted because the data collected for this undergraduate thesis is a primary data, in which it were collected through interviews and filling out questionnaires. In addition to that, to analyze the supply and demand of tourism, an analysis an analysis was conducted to evaluates the importance and performance of the importance-performance analysis. The analysis of the importance of perfomance is an analytical tool used to assess the performance of government in terms of provision of tourism services in general.
The results showed that the first, the demand for tourism facilities and public services still need to be improved again. This can be seen from only 48% of tourists in the area said good. Second, Tour offers are still to be considered and improved. This can be seen from only 50% of respondents said the government's efforts are running well. Third, there is an average difference in the assessment of respondents in expectations and performance with a sig value of 5% which means that tourists have high expectations for the performance of the tour manager. Attributes considered important to tourists and need to be prioritized based on cartesian diagram are Facilities and Tourism Service, Tour Price and Promotion and Tour Service.This study aimed to determine and analyze. Supply and Demand Tourism In The Region Of Lake Toba Regency of Samosir. The method of analysis used by the author in this undergraduate thesis is descriptive method, In which this method aimed to systematically collect, analyze and interpret the data through descriptions to reach a conclusion..
In the preliminary stages, validity and reliability examination were conducted because the data collected for this undergraduate thesis is a primary data, in which it were collected through interviews and filling out questionnaires. In addition to that, to analyze the supply and demand of tourism, an analysis an analysis was conducted to evaluates the importance and performance of the importance-performance analysis. The analysis of the importance of perfomance is an analytical tool used to assess the performance of government in terms of provision of tourism services in general.
The results showed that the first, the demand for tourism facilities and public services still need to be improved again. This can be seen from only 48% of tourists in the area said good. Second, Tour offers are still to be considered and improved. This can be seen from only 50% of respondents said the government's efforts are running well. Third, there is an average difference in the assessment of respondents in expectations and performance with a sig value of 5% which means that tourists have high expectations for the performance of the tour manager. Attributes considered important to tourists and need to be prioritized based on cartesian diagram are Facilities and Tourism Service, Tour Price and Promotion and Tour Service.Skripsi Sarjan
Teologi Penderitaan dan Pengorbanan dalam Perpektif Kristiani dalam Konteks Pelayanan Tim Medis COVID-19
No full textThis study focuses on suffering and sacrifice, \u27there is no sacrifice without suffering\u27, particularly: the suffering and sacrifice of the medical team members in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The objectives of the research are (1) to describe their theological view of the reality of suffering and sacrifice in their ministry and its relation to Christian theology, and (2) to analyze the role of theology in their professional ministry. The author of the research has utilized a mixed-method with data collection carried out using a quantitative (tool: questionnaire) and qualitative approach (tool: video from Youtube channel). The author stipulates doctors, nurses, and midwives who are involved in handling Covid-19 patients at the Santo Yusup Hospital and the Santo Borromeus Hospital in Bandung as respondents. In this study, the author also excerpts statements of doctors, nurses, or midwives from various hospitals in videos uploaded on the Youtube channel as part of the research data. The results of this study are that although it does not reach the meaning of redemption, the Covid-19 medical team who experience disappointment, sadness, and concern view the sacrifices made for the lives of others as precious actions so that they continue to strive to provide the best service. Prayers and good teachings taught in religion evoke their motivation and strength to be faithful in their ministry.Di masa pandemi COVID-19, tidak semua tim medis dilibatkan sebagai tim medis COVID-19. Ada syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh tim medis untuk bisa terlibat atau dilibatkan di dalam tim medis COVID-19. Banyak hal yang harus mereka korbankan demi pelayanan mereka di rumah sakit. Pengorbanan tidak pernah lepas dari penderitaan. Tujuan artikel adalah: 1) menggali lebih luas dan memahami lebih dalam penderitaan serta pengorbanan yang dialami oleh tim medis; 2) memberikan makna teologis terhadap penderitaan dan pengorbanan mereka dari perspektif Kristiani. Metode yang dipakai dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah: 1) metode campuran antara metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dalam proses pencarian data di lapangan, 2) metode teologi kontekstual dengan model sintesis dalam proses pencarian makna dari data yang ditemukan. Temuan-temuan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) dari sudut pandang teologi Kristiani, penderitaan yang dialami dan pengorbanan yang dilakukan oleh tim medis COVID-19 dalam pelayanan mereka, apapun agama dan keyakinan mereka, mengambil bagian dalam penebusan dosa yang dilakukan oleh Kristus melalui penderitaan dan wafat-Nya di kayu salib, 2) keselamatan Kristiani adalah bersifat universal yaitu melakukan kehendak Allah, 3) iman Kristiani tanpa melakukan kehendak Allah adalah sia-sia. Kebaruan dalam artikel ini adalah konteks berteologi yaitu konteks pelayanan tim medis COVID-19 di masa pandemi COVID-19
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