1,084 research outputs found
Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Murine 18.5 kDa Myelin Basic Protein Segment (S72-S107) in Association with Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles.
No full textpeer reviewedThe 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein (MBP), the most abundant splice isoform in adult mammalian myelin, is a multifunctional, intrinsically disordered protein involved in the development and compaction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. A highly conserved central segment comprises a membrane-anchoring amphipathic alpha-helix followed by a proline-rich segment that represents a ligand for SH3 domain-containing proteins. Here, we have determined using solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy the structure of a 36-residue peptide fragment of MBP (murine 18.5 kDa residues S72-S107, denoted the alpha2-peptide) comprising these two structural motifs, in association with dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. The structure was calculated using CS-ROSETTA (version 1.01) because the nuclear Overhauser effect restraints were insufficient for this protein. The experimental studies were complemented by molecular dynamics simulations of a corresponding 24-residue peptide fragment (murine 18.5 kDa residues E80-G103, denoted the MD-peptide), also in association with a DPC micelle in silico. The experimental and theoretical results agreed well with one another, despite the independence of the starting structures and analyses, both showing membrane association via the amphipathic alpha-helix, and a sharp bend in the vicinity of the Pro93 residue (murine 18.5 kDa sequence numbering). Overall, the conformations elucidated here show how the SH3 ligand is presented to the cytoplasm for interaction with SH3 domain-containing proteins such as Fyn and contribute to our understanding of myelin architecture at the molecular level
Magnetization dynamics in patterned thin films
No full textWydział Fizyki.Głównym celem rozprawy jest badanie oddziaływania drgań magnetostatycznych z elementami strukturyzowanymi permaloju (Py) i granatu itro żelazowego (YIG). Badania eksperymentalne wykonano metodą spektroskopii rozpraszania światła Brillouina. Zbadano zjawisko nieliniowego zwielokrotniania częstotliwości przy dużych mocach wzbudzania w eliptycznych kropkach Py o rozmiarach submikrometrowych. Zaobserwowano, że charakterystyki rezonansowej odpowiedzi zależą od przestrzennej symetrii modu dynamicznego i są różne w przypadku drugiej i trzeciej harmonicznej. Wykazano, że rozpraszanie fali spinowej na pojedynczej antykropce stanowi pasywną metodę wytwarzania kaustycznej fali spinowej w YIG. Wykazano dobrą zgodność wyników doświadczalnych z przewidywaniami teoretycznymi opartymi o teorię fal spinowych dla cienkich warstw. Zaproponowano i doświadczalnie wykazano, że linia antykropek może stanowić zwierciadło magnetyczne powodujące całkowite wewnętrzne odbicie fal spinowych i że fala ta o dużej intensywności propaguje się wzdłuż linii antykropek przy pewnym kącie krytycznym Θcrit, mierzonym pomiędzy linią antykropek i kierunkiem pola magnetycznego. Potwierdzono wyniki eksperymentalne poprzez symulacje mikromagnetyczne wykonane z wykorzystaniem programu OOMMF i wykazano, że krzywe stałej częstotliwości stanowią bardzo użyteczne narzędzie przy interpretacji wyników eksperymentalnych.The main aim of this dissertation is study the interaction of magnetostatic oscillation with patterned permalloy (Py) and yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films. As a method for studying, the Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy has been selected. The most important achievement, are the following: The examination of the phenomenon of nonlinear frequency multiplication in submicrometer sized Pyelliptical dots at large excitation power. The observation that the resonant enhancement are dependent on the spatial symmetry of the dynamical mode and are different for the double and the tripleharmonics. The observation of spin waves scattering from the singleantidot as a passive way to the creation of the caustic beams in YIG films. The application of the magnetostatic spin wave theory for thin films and demonstration of a good agreement between the experimental and tehoretical data.The proposition and experimental demonstration of the total nonreflection of spin waves by an antidots array. Showing that a highly intense beam of spin waves propagates along these antidots at the critical angle Θcrit, which was measured between the line of antidots and the direction of megnetic field. Showing that the results of the OOMMF simulations are consistent with the experimental results and the isofrequency dependences provide a good tool for the clear interpretation of the experimental data
Об издержках, порождаемых проблемами измерения инфляции
No full textThe article examines problems related to the measurement of Russian inflation that lead to distorted perception of economic reality which economic agents have. The authors discuss recent changes in methods for constructing the Russian consumer price index (CPI) and the effect this will have on the economic policy. The change in the information base upon which the weights are based, has resulted in the fact that (all other things being equal) the CPI, calculated according to the new methodology, shows a somewhat higher rate of inflation. This creates a more pessimistic view of the situation in the economy and provokes a more stringent monetary policy. The paper discusses approaches to the analysis of tendencies in the prices dynamics on the example the accelerating inflation episode of the end of 2014 - early 2015. It is shown that common incorrect methods for analysis of short-term trends lead to conclusions about the duration of the episode and the dating of the respective turning points that are known to be wrong. The author review those features of the CPI constructing technique, which affect the accuracy of inflation measurement amid economic crises. An incomplete accounting of household expenditures on housing is shown to result in an overestimation of the CPI growth rate for the cost of living in the initial phase of the crisis and in their underestimation at the stage of post-crisis recovery. All these distortions can the cause of sub-optimal decisions and influence the operation of economy. The paper discusses the nature of this influence and associated costs.Рассматриваются проблемы измерения инфляции в России, приводящие к искажениям представлений экономических агентов о развитии ситуации в экономике. Обсуждается недавнее изменение методики построения российского индекса потребительских цен (ИПЦ) и последствия этого изменения для экономической политики. Показано, что изменение информационной базы, на основе которой строятся веса, привело к тому, что при прочих равных условиях ИПЦ, рассчитанный по новой методике, показывает несколько более высокие темпы инфляции. Это смещает представления о развитии ситуации в экономике в сторону большего пессимизма, а также провоцирует на проведение более жесткой денежно-кредитной политики. Обсуждаются подходы к анализу тенденций динамики цен на примере эпизода ускорения инфляции конца 2014 г. - начала 2015 г. Показано, что распространенные приемы некорректного анализа краткосрочных тенденций приводят к заведомо неверным выводам о продолжительности этого эпизода и о датировках соответствующих поворотных точек. Рассматриваются особенности методики построения индекса потребительских цен, влияющие на точность измерения инфляции во время экономических кризисов. Показано, что неполный учет расходов домохозяйств на оплату жилья приводит к завышению индексом потребительских цен темпов роста стоимости жизни в начальной фазе кризиса и к их занижению на этапе посткризисного восстановления. Эти искажения могут служить причиной принятия неоптимальных решений и влиять на результаты функционирования экономики. Обсуждается характер этого влияния и связанные с ним издержки
Исследование причин разброса данных о распространённости мышечно-суставной дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстных суставов у стоматологических больных
No full textAim of research. To study biopotentials of chewing muscles and possible noise phenomena in temporomandibular joints in dental patients, who have two and more symptoms of a muscle and joint dysfunction of a temporomandibular joint with no complaints for pains in chewing muscles at movements of a lower jaw as ones of criteria for substantiating appropriateness of setting the diagnosis of a temporomandibular joint dysfunction.Materials and methods. The group of 136 persons with 2,3,4 and more symptoms of a temporomandibular joint dysfunction, deviations in the work of the joint, but no complaints for pains at movements of a law jaw and chewing was formed of patients of the dental clinic. Results of research. The artrophonographic study demonstrated that patients with 2 and 3 symptoms related to a muscle and joint dysfunction of a temporomandibular joint, demonstrate disorders in the work of a temporomandibular joint (56,6% of patients) and ones with 4 and more symptoms – in 64,1%. The electromiographic study revealed the absence of disorders of biopotentials of chewing muscles in all 136 patients.Conclusions. One can make a conclusion that a muscle and joint dysfunction of a temporomandibular joint must not be diagnosed in these patients. The repeated examination, realized in 6 months proved the absence of worsening of a condition of chewing muscles and temporomandibular joint in such patients. Assessments of the prevalence of this disease, presented in literary sources, are overestimated unreasonably in a series of casesНа базе проведенных исследований обосновано положение о том, что основой постановки диагноза мышечно-суставной дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстного сустава должно быть не только наличие симптомов, относимых к этому заболеванию, а установленные с помощью электромиографии нарушения биопотенциалов жевательных мышц . Диагностика данного заболевания, не учитывающая этого положения, необоснованно завышает показатели распространенности мышечно-суставной дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстного сустав
Existence and Dynamics of Strains in a Nonlocal Reaction-Diffusion Model of Viral Evolution
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, we develop a mathematical framework for predicting and quantifying virus diversity evolution during infection of a host organism. It is specified as a virus density distribution with respect to genotype and time governed by a reaction-diffusion integro-differential equation taking virus mutations, replication, and elimination by immune cells and medical treatment into account. Conditions for the existence of virus strains that correspond to localized density distributions in the space of genotypes are determined. It is shown that common viral evolutionary traits like diversification and extinction are driven by nonlocal interactions via immune responses, target-cell competition, and therapy. This provides us with a mechanistic explanation for clinically relevant properties like immune escape and drug resistance selection, and allows us to link virus genotypes to phenotypes
Phirutne rromnǎ: lenqëre hakaja, dotǎ aj xod-aktualizàcia
No full textTill now, a state of nomadic Romani women has been described only from a position of an external observer. The author supposes that narrative sources should be used more actively. To actualize this concept he studies recollections of nomadic life, focusing on Romani women’s traditional ways of earning, such as fortune-telling and begging, and their main value – a family. The article shows how Romani women used to risk for husbands and children. They had to take the initiative and to show mother with every day to feed themselves and their relatives. At the same time, married Romani women lived at the mercy of patriarchy. That created the basic paradox of their lives. Gypsy fortune tellers had real economical independence. Outside of families they looked as free women, but inside they uncomplainingly received whipping. The author want to show subjects that are hardly shown in special literature at the moment. Particularly, he writes about the fact that Romani women have actively taken part in a fight against Nazism during the World War II. Another little known subject is women’s literacy. Though most nomadic Romani women couldn’t read, but indeed exclusions existed. It is interesting, too, such a fact as Romani women could get a high social status with an elderly age, so that men take into account their opinion in traditional court. Sometimes, as it can be seen from examples, families were named for female ancestors. The author studies also psychological possibilities used by Gypsy wives to affect their husbands’ decisions.Natalia Gancar
Rekonstrùkcia thaj brakhipen e rromane ʒivipnasqëre aj folkloraqëre
No full textAuthor is a painter. Together with the members of the Romen Theatre in Moscow he carries out a project of theatrical reconstructions of the traditional scenes and situations of the gypsy camp life (dances among others). The acts are prepared according to detailed historical studies. They are subsequently photographed and filmed to form an archival collection to be used by researchers in the future
Management of Creativity as a Factor of the Development of Regional Mass Media
No full textIt is generally agreed today that the present-day media market does not require journalist creativity. Creative potential is considered as a rudiment that impedes the development of mass media. This article shows that the creativity is still relevant in journalism practice in regional mass media. The author concludes that in the digital age the creative component as an important part of professional culture of a journalist is mostly in-demand in such segment of media management as management of creativity.Сегодня принято считать, что современный рынок масс-медиа не нуждается в творчестве журналистов. Творческий потенциал рассматривается как рудимент, который лишь препятствует развитию медиакомпании. В данной статье доказывается релевантность творчества в деятельности журналистов региональных массмедиа. Автор делает вывод о том, что в цифровую эпоху творческий компонент как важная часть профессиональной культуры журналиста наиболее востребован в таком сегменте медиаменеджмента, как управление креативностью
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