19 research outputs found
Le perceur d’enveloppes. De la violence sonore à l’adolescence
No full textInternational audienceIn this article the author sets out to highlight the place and function of sound and music within the process of adolescence. After a theoretical discussion of Didier Anzieu’s notion of “sound development”, the author illustrates, by means of a theoretical and clinical articulation, the extent to which the sound envelope is attacked during adolescence and how it can resist, while reorganising itself, thanks to music. Finally, the author puts forward the hypothesis that the emergence of multivocal listening in adolescence implies a reorganisation of the internalization of the “Family Vocal Group” (É. Lecourt) which is necessary if the subject is to be able to mourn his or her internal parental objects. This hypothesis is illustrated by the clinical vignette of a 16-year-old adolescent girl within a “group analytic musicotherapy” setting, showing that it is possible in this way to offer a therapeutic response to the stumbling-blocks of these pubertal reorganisations.Par le présent article, l’auteur souhaite mettre en lumière la place et la fonction du sonore et de la musique au sein du processus d’adolescence. Après une discussion théorique de la notion « d’enveloppe sonore » de Didier Anzieu, l’auteur illustre par une articulation théorico-clinique dans quelle mesure l’enveloppe sonore est attaquée au temps de l’adolescence et comment elle peut y résister, tout en se remaniant, grâce à la musique. Enfin l’auteur dresse l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’émergence de l’écoute plurivocale à l’adolescence implique un réaménagement de l’intériorisation du « Groupe Vocal Familial » (E. Lecourt) nécessaire pour que le sujet puisse faire le deuil de ses objets internes parentaux. Cette hypothèse est illustrée par la vignette clinique d’une adolescente de 16 ans inscrite au sein d’un dispositif de « musicothérapie analytique de groupe », permettant ainsi de témoigner d’une proposition thérapeutique face aux achoppements de ces réaménagements pubertaires
Realization of AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN HEMTs for microwave power applications in Ka-band
No full textLes Transistors à Haute Mobilité Electronique (HEMTs) à base de GaN sont les composants les plus prometteurs pour des applications de puissance en gamme d’ondes micrométriques et millimétriques grâce à leurs très bonnes propriétés physiques comme leur grande largeur de bande interdite (3.4eV), induisant un champ de claquage élevé (>106 V/cm) mais également une vitesse de saturation des électrons élevée (>107 cm/s). Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié les effets de canaux courts pour des transistors réalisés sur des hétérostructures AlGaN/GaN et InAlN/GaN. Des grilles de longueur (Lg=75nm) ont été fabriquées permettant d’atteindre des fréquences de coupure du gain en courant et en puissance respectives de 113GHz et 200GHz. Ces performances sont à l’état de l’art de la filière InAlN/GaN sur substrat saphir. En ce qui concerne les hétérostructures AlGaN/GaN, les pièges liés aux états de surface ont été stabilisés grâce à une étape de passivation optimisée consistant en un prétraitement N20 et un dépôt de bicouche SiN/SiO2. Cette dernière a permis de limiter les chutes de courant du transistor en régime dynamique. A partir d’une topologie adaptée, des résultats de puissance hyperfréquence à 40GHz ont été obtenus. Une densité de puissance au niveau de l’art de 1.5W/mm a été mesurée sur un HEMT AlGaN/GaN sur substrat Si(111). Pour une hétérostructure InAlN/GaN sur substrat saphir, les résultats de puissance hyperfréquence sont également à l’état de l’art de la filière avec une densité de puissance en sortie du transistor de 2W/mm et un rendement en puissance ajoutée de 13%.GaN based High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) represent the most promising devices for microwave and millimeter-wave power applications. One key advantage of GaN is the superior physical properties such as a wide band gap (3.4eV) leading to high breakdown fields (>106 V/cm) and a high saturation electron drift velocity (>107 cm/s).In practice, physical limitations appear and avoid reaching expected performances in terms of frequency and microwave power. Short channel effects appear with the decrease of the transistor gate length. In large signal conditions, traps related to surface states of the semiconductor lead to drain current drops. In this work, we have studied short channel effects for transistors fabricated on AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN heterostructures. Devices with 75nm-T-shaped-gates exhibit a current gain cut-off frequency and a power gain cutoff frequency of 113GHz and 200GHz respectively. To the author knowledge, these cut-off frequencies are the highest reported values for InAlN/GaN HEMTs grown on sapphire substrate. For AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, traps related to surface states were neutralized thanks to optimized passivation steps, permitting to mitigate DC to RF dispersion. It consists of a N2O pretreatment followed by a SiN/SiO2 bilayer deposition. From an appropriate transistor topology, microwave power measurements were performed at 40GHz. An output power density of 1.5W/mm, very closed to the state of the art, was measured for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on Si(111) substrate. For InAlN/GaN HEMTs grown on sapphire substrate, state of the art output power density of 2W/mm was achieved with an associated power added efficiency of 13%
Internet and humanism
No full textThis brief paper discusses relevant issues raised by the incipient diffusion of the new information and communications technologies. The author considers the potential effects of these new tools for democratic dynamics and tries to envisage some future scenarios
ANTICOLONIAL SHASTRA: RECLAMATION OF THE DIVINE FEMININE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE LITERATURE OF INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
No full textThis dissertation covers the literature of India’s anticolonial movement of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I will show how the following authors took elements from Hindu theology and culture to construct their ideas of an independent India. The authors I cover are Romesh Chunder Dutt, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Aurobindo Ghose, and Sarojini Naidu. The above authors are Bengali. They come from the broader context of the Bengali Renaissance that was a complex and multilayered movement of art, literature, religion and politics. All of these elements converge in varying degrees in each of the four authors. The seat of the Bengali Renaissance was Calcutta which saw complex interaction and hybridity between British and Indic elements. Yet, the common pursuit of the above authors was to reclaim their Hindu heritage from the British Empire. Their ideas of Bharat Mata, or Mother India, is a fusion of Hindu theology and geography that is inherent in Hinduism. These above authors promoted India’s independence from the British as a Hindu movement.
The chapter on Romesh Chandra Dutt will cover his translation of the Hindu epic The Ramayana. This will give context to the sacred geographical areas of India and the historical and cultural Hindu ethos. The chapter on Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay will show the origins of Bharat Mata. His novel Anandamath (1882) served as an impetus for anticolonial Indian nationalism. The novel is didactic and unambiguous in its purpose. It shows how Hinduism and anticolonial politics were aligned. It contains the first version of “Vande Mataram” (I bow to the Mother) which would become India’s national song. The novel and this song show deification of India as the divine mother. Aurobindo Ghose is perhaps the most multidimensional figure in this project. In Britain, he began as a mimic Romantic poet that did not get him very far in the literary world. He then became an activist for India’s independence. He was a strong voice for Hindu revivalism. He eventually was jailed for connection to a bomb plot. While in prison, he practiced intense meditation and achieved a sense of enlightenment. When released, he became a Hindu guru and established a spiritual center in Pondicherry, India. Ghose is perhaps the most emblematic of the fusion of Indian independence and Hinduism. The final author in the dissertation is who Mahatma Gandhi endeared “The Nightingale of India,” Sarojini Naidu. Naidu is also a multidimensional figure. She is famously known as a freedom fighter for India’s independence and identified as a daughter of Mother India. Her initial poetry focuses on Indian folk traditions. Naidu became the first woman to be president of the Indian National Congress, known for its advocacy of India’s independence. Her writing became didactic and political during this time. Her varied rhetoric employs Hindu theological tropes to promote an independent India.English, Department o
Modeling Time-Varying Conditional Betas. A Comparison of Methods with Application for REITs
No full textInternational audienceBeta coefficients are the cornerstone of asset pricing theory in the CAPM and multiple factor models. This chapter proposes a review of different time series models used to estimate static and time-varying betas, and a comparison on real data. The analysis is performed on the USA and developed Europe REIT markets over the period 2009–2019 via a two-factor model. We evaluate the performance of the different techniques in terms of in-sample estimates as well as through an out-of-sample tracking exercise. Results show that dynamic models clearly outperform static models and that both the state space and autoregressive conditional beta models outperform the other methods
Efficiency in Family Bargaining: Living Arrangements and Caregiving Decisions of Adult Children and Disabled Elderly Parents
No full textIn this paper, we use a two-stage bargaining model to analyze the living arrangement of a disabled elderly parent and the assistance provided to the parent by her adult children. The first stage determines the living arrangement: the parent can live in a nursing home, live alone in the community, or live with any child who has invited coresidence. The second stage determines the assistance provided by each child in the family. Working by backward induction, we first calculate the level of assistance that each child would provide to the parent in each possible living arrangement. Using these calculations, we then analyze the living arrangement that would emerge from the first stage game. A key assumption of our model is that family members cannot or will not make binding agreements at the first stage regarding transfers at the second stage. Because coresidence is likely to reduce the bargaining power of the coresident child relative to her siblings, coresidence may fail to emerge as the equilibrium living arrangement even when it is Pareto efficient. That is, the outcome of the two-stage game need not be Pareto efficient.
Application of hyperspectral imaging for nondestructive measurement of plum quality attributes
No full text© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Colour, firmness and soluble solid content (SSC) are three important quality attributes of fruit that affect consumer acceptance. However, measurement of these attributes largely relies on destructive manual assessment, which is time consuming, and can only be applied to small number of batches. In this study, two hyperspectral cameras in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) regions between 600–975 nm and the short wave near infrared (SWIR) region between 865–1610 nm were evaluated for the non-destructive quantification of colour (L* a* and b*), firmness and SSC. In total, images of 354 ‘Victoria’ and ‘Marjorie's Seedling’ plums were collected for the calibration and validation of partial least square regression (PLSR) models. The performance of the prediction models was compared for both the cultivars alone and in combination. The effect of a light scattering correction on spherical objects was also investigated. This study showed that the SWIR hyperspectral imaging could accurately predict SSC with correlation coefficients for prediction (rp2) greater than 0.8, while VNIR hyperspectral imaging showed a better correlation with colour with rp2 values greater than 0.7 for L* and a*. This study shows that the use of hyperspectral imaging is feasible to non-destructively predict the SSC and the colour of two plums cultivars with high accuracy
El rechazo de una ficción. La máscara positivista del Tractatus
No full textDesde su aparición en 1922, la principal obra escrita y publicada en vida por Ludwig Wittgenstein, el Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, fue objeto de un interesante número de interpretaciones distintas e incluso incompatibles entre sí. Sin embargo, la lectura que marcó la historia posterior del Tractatus fue la que hicieron los positivistas lógicos del llamado Círculo de Viena. Estos filósofos, a partir de una interpretación en cierto modo tendenciosa de la obra, se apropiaron de su aparato lógico y sus principales tesis. A pesar de la contemporaneidad con la publicación del libro y de frecuentes contactos directos con el autor, dicha interpretación estuvo tensionada desde un principio por una serie de divergencias entre lo que pensaban los positivistas lógicos y lo que sostenía Wittgenstein. Si bien los primeros lo consideraban uno de los fundadores de la "visión científica del mundo" que ellos pregonaban, sobresalían en el Tractatus numerosos pasajes que planteaban problemas de envergadura para la filosofía positivista (como ejemplo paradigmático, la insistencia del libro en la importancia de lo "místico" y de "aquello que no se puede decir"). Esto no impidió, sin embargo, que el Tractatus fuera leído durante casi 50 años bajo las principales líneas de análisis que propuso el positivismo lógico. Esta suerte de "apropiación" de la obra empezó a mostrar deficiencias a partir de una serie de estudios profundos sobre el sistema lógico del Tractatus y sobre el contexto intelectual y social en el que Wittgenstein escribió su primera obra, dando lugar a interpretaciones diversas que se alejaron del legado positivista. En esta tesis repaso los principales puntos sobre los que se apoyaron los positivistas para "hacer suyo" el Tractatus, y el desarrollo de las críticas formuladas por autores como Allan Janik y Stephen Toulmin, Elizabeth Anscombe y Dominique Lecourt. Con respecto a este último, señalo que la propuesta de lectura del Tractatus como una obra polémica antipositivista permite una apertura por demás interesante de la obra wittgensteiniana hacia algunos desarrollos teóricos de la filosofía continental, considerada canónicamente como el reverso de la filosofía analítica. La propuesta contenida en el libro "El orden y los juegos" de Lecourt resulta un interesante intento de superar la distinción, aparentemente natural, entre la filosofía analítica y la continentalEver since it´s appeareance in 1922, the most important work written and published in life by Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, has been the target of an interesting number of different and even incompatible readings. Nevertheless, the main interpretation that marked the Tractatus´s posterior history was the one proposed by the logical positivists of the Viena Circle. Theese philosophers, taking from a somewhat biased interpretation of the book, got hold of it´s logical apparatus and it´s main thesis. In spite of their frequent contact with the author, this interpretation was stressed from the start by a number of divergences between what the logical positivists thought and what Wittgenstein was apparently saying. Even though they considered him one of the founders of the "Scientific World-Conception", Wittgenstein enhanced in the Tractatus a certain number of problematic points of view for positivist philosophy (of wich the book´s insistence in the importance of the "mystic" and "that which can´t be said" is a paradigmatic example). This, however, didn´t change the fact that the Tractatus was read for almost 50 years under the main lines of analysis proposed by logical positivism. This kind of "aproppiation" of the Tractatus was gradually shaken by a series of deep studies on it´s logical system and the intelectual and social context in which Wittgenstein wrote his first book, leaving open a space for different interpretations that moved away from the positivist legacy. In this dissertation I review the main points which positivism relied on to "take over" the book, and the profound criticisms formulated to this interpretation by authors such as Allan Janik and Stephen Toulmin, Elizabeth Anscombe and Dominique Lecourt. Regarding the latter, I point out that his proposal to read the Tractatus as a polemic reaction to positivism results in an appealing opening of Wittgenstein´s work, specially towards some important developments in continental philosophy, traditionally considered as the reverse of analytic philosophy. In this sense, Lecourt´s proposal in L´Ordre et les jeux stands out as an interesting attempt to transcend the apparently natural distinction between analytic and continental philosophyFil: Oliva, Andrés Esteban. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina
Processus collaboratif menant à un portrait de la formation infirmière initiale au Québec et perspectives de développement au regard de la sécurisation culturelle auprès des Premières Nations et des Inuit
No full textINTRODUCTION. In recent years, several provincial and national reports have highlighted the need for more cultural safety education for health care professionals to ensure safe equitable care for Indigenous people. In the province of Quebec, the death of Joyce Echaquan has been a key lever for diverse health organizations and teaching institutions in order to take concrete actions against health inequities and systemic racism experienced by Indigenous people within the health care system. In response, the Order of Nurses of Quebec officially recognized the existence of systemic racism within the health care system and initiated actions to promote cultural safety and to engage against systemic racism within the nursing profession. Among the actions, the Order of Nurses of Quebec mandated a working group to address an advisory to evaluate if the entry-to-practice nursing education in Quebec was sufficient to provide culturally safe, relevant and equitable care to Indigenous individuals. We are the authors who carried out the collaborative process leading to the advisory. From this collaborative process, we believe that our approach, our findings and our reflections are relevant to share with those who are involved in nursing education in Quebec and Canada. OBJECTIVE. This discussion paper aim to describe the collaborative process leading to the advisory which was divided into four iterative stages : 1) a narrative literature review, 2) a short online survey, 3) discussions sessions, and 4) consultations. It also aim to discuss the main findings and reflections regarding the cultural safety competencies in initial nursing education in Quebec. DISCUSSION AND REFLECTIONS. We believe that our collaborative process was a strength of the main findings and reflections that are described in this discussion paper. The results of the survey showed that Indigenous cultural safety content and time allocation was insufficient and varied greatly between teaching institutions in Quebec. No institutions offered electives or specific courses on Indigenous cultural safety; however cultural safety was addressed in a cross-cutting manner by the majority of institutions. As for the narrative literature review and the discussions sessions, numerous strategies are outlined to guide educators in further developing the Indigenous cultural safety content in their nursing programs. These strategies highlight the need to work with Indigenous communities to decolonize and indigenize the nursing profession and education and the need to focus on faculty development including, hiring Indigenous nurses. CONCLUSION. Within our collaborative process, we consider that we have succeeded in bridging together reflections to support teachers and professors in Quebec and Canada to develop and integrate Indigenous cultural safety content in nursing programs. We also agree that is necessary for all Canadian provinces to initiate a reflection about Indigenous cultural safety in entry-to-practice nursing programs in order to ensure culturally safe, relevant and equitable care to Indigenous individuals.
Résumé
INTRODUCTION. Dans les dernières années, plusieurs rapports provinciaux et nationaux ont souligné la nécessité de renforcer la formation des professionnels de la santé en matière de sécurisation culturelle afin d\u27assurer des soins sécuritaires, pertinents et équitables auprès des Premières Nations et des Inuit (PNI). Le décès de Joyce Echaquan a été un levier déterminant pour diverses organisations de santé et d’enseignement québécoises afin de mettre en place des actions pour combattre les iniquités de santé et le racisme systémique vécus par les PNI. En découlant, l’Ordre des infirmières et des infirmiers du Québec (OIIQ) a reconnu l’existence du racisme systémique dans le système de santé et a initié des actions afin de favoriser la sécurité culturelle et la lutte contre le racisme systémique dans la profession infirmière. Parmi ces actions, un groupe de travail a été mandaté pour rédiger un avis afin de dresser le portrait de la formation infirmière initiale au Québec au regard de la sécurité culturelle auprès des PNI. Nous sommes les auteures et les auteurs ayant réalisé le processus collaboratif menant à la publication de cet avis, duquel, nous croyons pertinent de partager notre démarche collaborative, nos constats et nos réflexions avec les personnes impliquées dans la formation infirmière au Québec et au Canada. OBJECTIFS. Cet article de discussion vise à décrire le processus collaboratif menant à la publication de l’avis qui a intégré quatre étapes itératives : 1) une revue de littérature narrative, 2) un court sondage en ligne, 3) des sessions de discussions et 4) des consultations; et à discuter des principaux constats et des pistes de réflexion quant au développement des compétences de sécurisation culturelle dans la formation infirmière initiale au Québec. DISCUSSION ET RÉFLEXIONS. Nous croyons que le processus collaboratif a été une force des constats et des réflexions décrits dans cet article. Les résultats du sondage ont montré que les contenus et le temps d’enseignement sur la sécurisation culturelle sont insuffisants et variables selon les établissements d’enseignement au Québec. Aucun établissement n\u27offrait de cours complémentaire ou spécifique sur la sécurisation culturelle, mais elle était abordée de manière transversale dans la majorité des établissements. Quant à la revue de la littérature narrative et les séances de discussions, de nombreuses stratégies sont décrites pour guider les ressources enseignantes et professorales dans le développement des contenus sur la sécurisation culturelle, dont la nécessité de travailler avec les PNI afin de décoloniser et d’autochtoniser l\u27enseignement des soins infirmiers et la profession infirmière ainsi que la nécessité de perfectionner les ressources, notamment en embauchant des infirmières issues des PNI. CONCLUSION. Par notre processus collaboratif, nous estimons avoir réussi à rassembler des réflexions afin de soutenir les ressources enseignantes et professorales québécoises et canadiennes à développer et à intégrer des contenus de formation abordant la sécurisation culturelle. Nous estimons également que la réflexion sur la formation infirmière initiale quant à la sécurisation culturelle est pertinente et nécessaire pour l’ensemble des provinces canadiennes afin d\u27assurer des soins sécuritaires, pertinents et équitables auprès des PNI
Computer-Aided Music Therapy Evaluation: Investigating and Testing the Music Therapy Logbook Prototype 1 System
No full textThis thesis describes the investigation and testing of a prototype music therapy practice evaluation system: Music Therapy Logbook, Prototype 1. Such a system is intended to be used by music therapists as an aid to their existing evaluation techniques. The investigation of user needs, the multi-disciplinary team work, the pre-field and field recording tests, and the computational music analysis tests are each presented in turn, preceded by an in depth literature review on historical and existing music therapy evaluation methods. A final chapter presents investigative design work for proposed user interface software pages for the Music Therapy Logbook system. Four surveys are presented (n = 6, n = 10, n = 44, n =125). These gathered information on current music therapy evaluation methods, therapists‘ suggested functions for the system, and therapists‘ attitudes towards using the proposed automatic and semi-automatic music therapy evaluation functions, some of which were tested during the research period. The results indicate enthusiasm for using the system to; record individual music therapy sessions, create written notes linked to recordings and undertake automatic and/or semi-automatic computer aided music therapy analysis; the main purpose of which is to quantify changes in a therapist‘s and patient‘s use of music over time, (Streeter, 2010). Simulated music therapy improvisations were recorded and analysed. The system was then used by a music therapist working in a neuro-disability unit, to record individual therapy sessions with patients with acquired brain injuries. These recordings constitute the first music therapy audio recordings employing multi-track audio recording techniques, using existing radio microphone technology. The computational music analysis tests applied to the recordings are the first such tests to be applied to recordings of music therapy sessions in which an individual patient played acoustic, rather than MIDI, instruments. The findings prove it is possible to gather objective evidence of changes in a patient‘s and therapist‘s use of music over time, using the Music Therapy Logbook Prototype 1 system
