1,721,046 research outputs found
Bruno Marnot, Les ingénieurs au Parlement sous la IIIe République
No full textVernus Pierre. Bruno Marnot, Les ingénieurs au Parlement sous la IIIe République. In: Histoire, économie et société, 2001, 20ᵉ année, n°2. La gloire à l'époque moderne / Varia, sous la direction de Olivier Chaline. p. 288
Les instruments de recherche sont-ils adaptés à la demande des publics ? Le cas du public universitaire
No full textVernus Pierre. Les instruments de recherche sont-ils adaptés à la demande des publics ? Le cas du public universitaire. In: La Gazette des archives, n°220, 2010-4. Les instruments de recherche : évolutions, publics et stratégies. pp. 133-141
Défendre le marché européen de l'aluminium. Pouvoirs publics, diplomatie industrielle et trade associations (1953-1975)
No full textAperçu sur les origines des organisations des industriels en Lombardie
No full textIl saggio considera alcuni aspetti delle origini e sviluppo delle associazioni imprenditoriali e di categoria a Milano tra il 1860 e il 1914. La ricerca fa riferimento alla documentazione presente nelle più importanti associazioni in Lombardia e intende discutere l’identità speciale dell’esperienza milanese e poi lombarda secondo le chiavi interpretative codificate dalla scienza della politica e dalle teorie economiche: sistemi verticali, orizzontali, locali e nazionali. Il saggio analizza, poi, l’evoluzione delle funzioni e illustra come le associazioni lombarde si caratterizzassero per il gran numero di membri e per la capacità di garantire servizi sulla base anche di un’armonizzazione dei conflitti di interesse interni. Inoltre si illustra come ci furono importanti differenze fra i fattori che influenzarono l’evoluzione delle associazioni e i progetti dei loro membri. Le condizioni produttive dei differenti settori e la configurazione patrimoniale e imprenditoriale delle imprese plasmarono l’attività funzionale delle associazioni. Inoltre i cosiddetti “selective incentives” sembrano avere un grande importanza nella spiegazione del ruolo economico e sociale delle associazioni imprenditoriali e di categoria e per esempio di particolare rilievo furono le scelte governative in materia di politica doganale e fiscale. Infine, il contributo analizza i metodi di rafforzamento delle associazioni lombarde dalla fine dell’Ottocento in relazione al servizio di supporto allo sviluppo industriale con particolare attenzione a due ambiti che la recente ricerca scientifica in ambito internazionale ha posto in rilievo: il funzionamento dei mercati e le relazioni industriali. La ricerca è stata condotta con altri studiosi italiani e inserita in un progetto di ricerca tra università europee
Les entrepreneurs italiens, leurs organizations et le Conseil supérieur du travail (1902-1923)
Get PDFThe paper examines the relationships and the concerns among business association, workers' organizations and ministerial bureaucracy at the beginning of XXth century: in particular it analyzes the activity of the Consiglio Superiore del Lavoro (the Superior Council for Labour, hereafter CSL) with regard of the issues of working conditions and social legislation. The CSL, established in 1902 by Zanardelli-Giolitti's government and suppressed in 1923 by Mussolini, should have been the first example of official participation of “social movements” to a job policy by institutions. The Italian administrative system followed the Napoleonic experience and the CSL was realized on the same French model. The life of CSL was in an intensive phase of national history: the “reformism” of Giolitti's era and the complex postwar, with a deep social crisis until the end of liberal system and the birth of the first Mussolini’s government.
The CSL was mainly involved in programs of job organization and in social legislation (legislative discipline of work, collective contracts, arbitration, legal recognition of unions) with the involvement of economic and social leaders (e.g. Filippo Turati, leader of Socialist Party or Giovanni Montemartini, supporter of public utilities). Many reports of CSL didn't find a real application. In several cases, on the basis of pressure from the business system, the government and in particular the Prime Minister Giolitti did not accept the proposals made by the Committee of CSL and officials of the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. These projects were evaluated too favorable to the positions of Unions. Moreover, in the pre-war phase the action of lobbying on the government seems to be more linked to the initiative of individual industrial than to the formal action of BIAs.
So far, Italian historians have studied the CSL on social and trade union issues as well as in political matters for the transformation of the liberal state. Scholars studied the political context of the CSL project, from the topic of child labour to the public utilities and, at the same time, they described the “hard path” and the gradual decline of this structure of the Savoy state. The historians discussed on the alternative perspectives of the CSL, too. According to the “liberal class” the Council was a device to enlarge the social partnership with a state action while socialist politicians planned an institution in competition with the others of the State. The essential feature was the disappearance of the separation between political and administrative organisms while the bureaucratic power had direct political goals.Furthermore, the administrative cooperation was among associations with different identities and goals and – and above all for the CSL - between the conflicting interests of capital and labor. Moreover, the relation of entrepreneurs with the administrative apparatus of the Ministry was in a phase where there was no distinction between political bodies and technical bodies, so the high bureaucracy also had functions concerning the political framework.
On the basis of the reports of the CSL, the paper discusses that the representatives of business organizations in the CSL should have an “antagonistic attitude”. Before the WWI, the industrial lobby in the Council wanted to introduce rules to reduce conflict in the workplace but also had a refusal to dialogue for social legislation made by trade unions and the Socialist Party. The first objective of entrepreneurs was the restraint of the public interference on productive activities. At the same time, the representatives of the manufacturing class consolidated their relations with the administrative system sharing solutions of mediation which later liberal governments blocked. In this sense, a more detailed analysis shows the hope by employers for a regulation of the labor market that did not reduce the powers of the entrepreneur in the management of the factory and this interpretation was similar to the proposals of the Ministry. At the same time, the BIAs supported the social spending that is covered in large part by public finance instead of the world of firms and work. Compared to these positions, the connection was with the trade unions, while the ministerial bureaucracy was attentive to the needs of the state budget.
The paper debates if the work of delegates of business organizations in the CSL remains connected to a “mainstream view”: the main element of this overview was the efficient organization of labor and capital than the decrease of social conflict. The ministerial bureaucracy agreed with this “overview” and firstly took care of social order. Meanwhile the paper assesses the statement that, before WWI, the alliances between companies, partneships, consortiums, and last the formation of trusts were more important than the “collective action” (the consultation between social partners) and, furthermore, the protection of the interests of enterprises was mainly realized by the support of the government with a direct relationship between entrepreneurs and ministerial bureaucracy
Les industriels lombards et les institutions politiques des annéès 1880 à la Première Guerre mondiale
No full textIl contributo analizza la presenza nella Caamera dei deputati degli imprenditori industriali lombardi tra Ottocento e Novecento. Si individuano i soggetti e i loro rapporti con le associazioni di categoria.The essay examines the participation of Lombard entrepreneurs into Chamber of Deputies between nineteenth century and twentieth century. Protagonists and their relationship with business association are the aim of the study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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