19 research outputs found
Preparasi Sampel Pada Analisis Tramadol Dalam Urin Dengan Metode Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GC-MS): Tinjauan Literatur
No full textPenyalahgunaan obat, salah satunya tramadol merupakan masalah besar di Indonesia. Tramadol merupakan analgesik untuk nyeri sedang hingga berat, namun obat ini sering disalahgunakan untuk efek euforia. Pencegahan ketergantungan narkoba dapat dilakukan dengan deteksi narkoba dalam urin menggunakan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Namun, komponen endogen dalam urin dapat mengganggu analisis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan preparasi sampel untuk memisahkan obat dari komponen ini. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau metode preparasi sampel apa saja yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis tramadol dengan GC-MS, serta kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan literature review dengan artikel yang bersumber dari Google Scholar dan PubMed. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah preparasi sampel pada analisis tramadol dalam urin dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode seperti DLLME, SPE, dSPE, dan MEPS. Di antara metode tersebut, DLLME merupakan metode preparasi yang paling efisien untuk analisis senyawa tramadol dalam urin berdasarkan nilai recovery-nya
Effectiveness of Open Worksheet Based on Problems on Skills of Science Process and Creative Thinking of Junior High School Students
No full textThe quality of education is a direct consequence of a change and development of learning at this time. To optimize learning that requires students to have science process skills and creative thinking (in accordance with 21st-century demands) it is necessary to develop more varied learning media. One way is to develop a problem-based open Worksheet that allows students to add information about a material systematically with reference to problem-based learning by covering several stages, including orienting students to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding individual investigations or group, develop and present data, and analyze and evaluate work results. That is expected to improve the skills mentioned above
IDENTIFIKASI MISKONSEPSI SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI
No full textUnderstanding the concept of biology is necessary in the integration of nature and technology in everyday life, if the concept of understanding is strong, students can develop and understand higher concepts. But sometimes students have a different understanding of concepts with scientifically accepted concepts and that will lead to misconceptions. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is misconception in students and sub-concept what most misconception in reproduction system material. To calculate the misconception level of the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method with the subjects of the study were students of class XI SMA 2 Cikampek. The data can show students misconception for some sub-concepts. The highest misconceptions exist in the menstrual subconses, which is 32.5% while the lowest is in the 10% gamete formation subconsep. This is because students interpret their own understanding of a material based on a text book that is read and an explanation from the teacher
Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Merkuri dan Timbal pada Sediaan Krim dan Body Lotion Pemutih dengan Mengunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA)
No full textThe use of cosmetics for skin whitening has been widely used by the public, especially made in the form of creams and lotions. Mercury and Lead are included in hazardous materials that if used in large quantities and for a long time will cause harmful side effects. This study aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of mercury (Hg) content in cosmetics based on the data collected. Methods: This research is based on a literature study with an online search for articles with the time of publication of articles from 2014 to 2024 on the Google Scholar database. The results showed that the method of analyzing mercury (Hg) content in cosmetics can be done qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis uses KI, NaOH and HCl reagents while quantitative analysis uses Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (SSA)/Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Conclusion: analysis of mercury (Hg) content in cosmetics, especially creams and lotions, can be done using qualitative and quantitative analysis using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (SSA) method because it has good sensitivity to metals. Suggestion: In addition to the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA), future studies should consider the use of supporting methods such as Chromatography or UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, ICP and other instruments for comparison, as well as toxicology testing to assess the biological impact of heavy metal content toxicology testing to assess the biological impact of the detected heavy metal content.detected
PENGARUH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA SMK PADA MATERI KARBOHIDRAT
No full textPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pendekatan problem-based learning pada peningkatan penguasaan konsep dan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa SMK pada materi karbohidrat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi ekperimen, dengan desain kelompok kontrol non-ekuivalen yang melibatkan dua kelompok. kelas eksperimen yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Problem-Based Learning dan kelas kontrol yang mendapat pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pretest, posttest dan angket, innstrumen pretest posttest berupa 20 soal pilihan ganda (untuk menguji kemampuan penguasaan konsep) dan 4 soal essay(untuk menguji keterampilan berpikir kreatif). Sebelum melakukan pengujian hipotesis maka data penelitian harus memenuhi uji prasyarat yang meliputi uji normalitas (uji Shapiro-Wilk), uji homogenitas varians (Lavene test), uji kesamaaan kemampuan awal siswa (uji t), uji hipotesis penelitian pada posttest dan N-gain dilakukan uji t (parametric) atau Mann Whetney (non parametric). Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh N-Gain keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa kelas yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan PBL lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol yaitu sebesar 0,42 (kategori sedang untuk kelas eksperimen). Namun N-Gain kemampuan penguasaan konsep siswa kelas kontrol lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas ekperimen yaitu sebesar 0,39 (kategori sedang untuk kelas kontrol
Optimasi Formula SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) Ekstrak Daun Kejibeling Menggunakan Metode SLD (Simplex Lattice Design)
No full textKejibeling leaf as one part of the plant that is used as a natural medicine with various therapeutic effects. Plant extracts used as medicinal ingredients generally have poor solubility and result in low oral bioavailability. Kejibeling leaf extract is less soluble in water, so its pharmacologic effect is limited. Nanoemulsions can be an option for delivery systems which are expected to increase the solubility and bioavailability of oral administration. Nanoemulsifying formulation can be done through Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) is one of the optimization methods that can be used. This method is used to provide convenience in determining the optimal formula for the SNEDDS mixture. Testing on 14 formulas from Simplex Lattice Design resulted in the optimal formula for SNEDDS leaves of kejibeling with a composition of 2.22 (VCO): 54.23 (surfactant) : 43.55 (cosurfactant) with a transmittance value of 98.95% and an emulsification time of 47.12 seconds. Has a particle size of 11 nm with a PI value of 0.167 and a zeta potential value of -31.2 mV
Bioactivity Analysis of Chalcone-Derived Compounds Based on In-Silico Molecular Docking Study
No full textChalcone compounds are aromatic ketones and enones that have been found to have several activities, such as antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-HIV, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, and carboxygenase inhibitors. A ligand's bioactivity can be predicted through in-silico tests using molecular docking. Molecular docking studies are conducted to study the interaction between ligand and receptor and identify the receptor's active site that matches the ligand when the ligand and receptor bind in a stable complex. This study can be a preliminary test before conducting in vitro and in vivo tests. This narrative review aims to analyze information on the bioactivity of chalcone-derived compounds and their derivatives through an in silico molecular docking approach in the form of binding affinity values and amino acid residues that bind. The method used is a literature study of 13 research articles found through the Semantic Scholar and Springer Link databases. The review results showed that the new compounds derived from chalcone compounds have a good range of bioactivity, as seen from the binding affinity values, which show lower values when compared to other test ligands and referenced ligands. The functional groups that have an important role in the interaction between ligands and proteins between ligands and receptors are triazole, methoxy, amine, halogen, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and thiol groups bound to the reactive structure of the α,β unsaturated ketone aromatic ring in the structure of the chalcone compound. The compounds that show promising activity can be further investigated as new drug candidates
SIMPLE ALGORITHM TO CONSTRUCT CIRCULAR CONFIDENCE REGIONS IN CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS USING R
No full textCorrespondence analysis has been widely applied in various fields as a graphical method to depict the association structure between two categorical random variables on a low-dimensional plot. This study built a simple algorithm to determine the principal coordinates and construct the circular confidence regions on the correspondence plot. In this algorithm, the determination of the standard residual matrix and the principal coordinates is built directly from the contingency table (without calculating a correspondence matrix). The algorithm was developed using R and applied to data on Covid-19 cases in West Java
Microplastics Contamination in the Aquatic Environment of Indonesia: A Comprehensive Review
No full textThe abundance of microplastics (MP) in the aquatic environment is increasingly disturbing for maritime countries, especially Indonesia, because it has the potential to threaten the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. This review summarized and discussed the distribution of MP abundance in Indonesian aquatic ecosystems which concluded that rivers, bays and estuaries, beaches, seas, and even fish and shellfish have been contaminated. The highest contamination of MP was found in the waters of Jakarta, West Java, and East Java, which are densely populated areas. The potential threat of exposure and accumulation of MP to human health was also discussed. However, differences in the methods and units of measurement for MP as well as limited information regarding the interaction of MP with human organ functions are weaknesses in this review. The future research on the relationship between food and feeding habits of the community around contaminated waters with the accumulation of MP in the human body is needed to identify the prevention and treatment strategies
Analisis Rhodamin B pada Liptint Ekstrak Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) dengan Metode Rapid Test Kit dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
No full textABSTRAKPertumbuhan kosmetik di Indonesia semakin pesat sesuai dengan penggunaan kosmetik yang semakin meningkat, terutama dikalangan wanita. Sediaan kosmetik yang digunakan oleh kalangan wanita adalah liptint ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.). Pembelian kosmetikpun saat ini semakin mudah karena adanya toko online atau e-commerce. Akan tetapi, kosmetik adalah produk yang cukup beresiko jika tidak dilihat dan dicoba secara langsung karena dapat mengandung zat pewarna berbahaya yaitu Rhodamin B. Rhodamin b merupakan zat warna sintesis yang digunakan untuk industri cat, tekstil dan kertas. Rhodamin B sering disalahgunakan karena warnanya lebih cerah dan harganya murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi zat pewarna berbahaya rhodamin b didalam 8 sampel liptint yang dibeli secara online di e-commerce dan menghitung kadar rhodamin b yang terdapat didalam sampel yang positif mengandung rhodamin B. Uji kualitatif menggunakan rapid test kit rhodamin b yang terdiri dari 2 reagen yaitu reagen I dan reagen II dan uji kuantitatif mengunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil dari uji kualitatif dengan menambahkan reagen test kit I dan II terjadi perubahan warna pada sampel A1, A2 dan A7 menjadi merah keunguan yang berarti positif mengandung rhodamin b. Hasil dari uji kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis didapat kadar rhodamin b pada sampel A1 yaitu sebesar 0,012 mg/g, sampel A2 sebesar 0,017 mg/g dan sampel A7 sebesar 0,019 mg/g. Dari 8 sampel yang telah diuji didapat 3 sampel positif mengandung Rhodamin B. Kadar Rhodamin B yang terdapat pada ketiga sampel tersebut tergolong sedikit, tetapi dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan efek toksik pada tubuh dan menyebabkan kanker. Kata kunci : Rhodamin B; Lip tint; E-commerce; Spektrofotometri uv-visABSTRACTThe growth of cosmetics in Indonesia is increasing rapidly in accordance with the increasing use of cosmetics, especially among women. Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) extract and liptint are cosmetic preparations used by women. Purchasing cosmetics is now even easier because of online stores or e-commerce. However, cosmetics are products that are quite risky if they are not seen and tried directly because they can contain dangerous dyes, namely Rhodamine B. Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye used for the paint, textile, and paper industries. Rhodamine B is often abused because it is brighter in color and cheaper. This study aims to identify the harmful dye rhodamine B in 8 samples of liptint purchased online at e-commerce and calculate the levels of rhodamine B contained in samples that are positive for rhodamine B. A qualitative test using a rapid test kit rhodamine B consisting of 2 reagents, namely reagent I and reagent II, and a quantitative test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The results of the qualitative test by adding the test kit reagents I and II showed a color change in samples A1, A2 and A7 to purplish red, which means they contain rhodamine b. The results of the quantitative test using UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that the levels of rhodamine b in sample A1 were 0.012 mg/g, sample A2 was 0.017 mg/g, and sample A7 was 0.019 mg/g. Of the 8 samples that have been tested, 3 positive samples contain Rhodamine B. The levels of rhodamine B in the three samples are relatively low, but it can have toxic effects on the body and cause cancer in the long run. Keywords : Rhodamin B; Lip tint; E-commerce; Spektrofotometri uv-vi
