15 research outputs found
The closest – the furthest, the local stereotypes in the short story Robbery by N. S. Leskov
No full textThis article aims to explore the ways in which stereotypes related to the citizens of two nearby cities function in the short story Robbery by N. S. Leskov. Stereotypes result from the basic cognitive ability of a man - the perception of the world in opposition own/alien. The characters living in the city of Elets demonstrate their superiority over the citizens of Orel, and they also seem to ridicule the Orel people which may as well result from their jealousy over the higher prestige of the other city. The intensely negative value of the category of alien leads to the situation in which, for one of the characters the local identity becomes more important than family ties. As a result of a series of unfortunate events, it turns out that stereotypes are untrue, and simultaneously the anthropological truth that all the people are equal is emphasized by the author.107-11510711
‘House’ as a blurred category in ‘A Living Chattel’, a short story by A. P. Chekhov
No full textВ статье рассматривается вопрос о функционировании категории «дом» в повести “Живой товар” Антона Чехова. Произведение относится к первому этапу творческого пути автора, поэтому в довольно сатирическом виде писатель задумывается над проблемами семейного очага. История любовного треугольника происходит на фоне трех домов – городского, дачи и поместья. В первом доме супружеская связь увядает, когда появляется любовник. На даче любовники пытаются создать свой собственный домашний очаг, однако терпят поражение. Парадоксально – в третьем доме, т.е. в поместье, муж, жена и любовник живут мирно под одной крышей. Чехов создает новый образ дома, который можно определить как периферийный элемент прототипической категории «дом». Тем самым автор находит символ изменений в жизни современных ему семей, которые нашли свое отражение в литературе того времени.The article is devoted to the way a category of ‘house’ functions in a short story ‘A Living Chattel’ by A.P. Chekhov. Since this literary work comes from the first part of Chekhov’s creative activity, the author mostly in an ironic way scrutinizes the problems of domestic hearth. There are three houses – a city house, a dacha and a country estate where the story of love triangle takes place. In the first house, the relationship between a married couple withers when the lover steps in. At the dacha, the lovers try to create their own domestic hearth but they fail. Paradoxically, in the third house being the country estate, a husband, his wife and her lover live peacefully under one roof. Chekhov creates a new vision of a house, which can be referred to as a peripheral element of a prototypical category ‘house’. Hence, the author identifies the symbol of changes which take place in the life of his contemporary families and which are reflected in the literature of those days.Sadecki Artur, magister filologii rosyjskiej, Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Wydział Humanistyczny, Instytut Filologii Słowiańskiej, Zakład Literatury i Kultury Rosyjskiej (doktorant).Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w LublinieGibbs, R. W., Prototypes in dynamic meaning construal, [w:] Cognitive Poetics in Practise, ed. J. Garvins, G. Steen, London and New York 2003.Kognitywne podstawy języka i językoznawstwa, red. E. Tabakowska, Kraków 2001.Kövecses, Z., Język, umysł, kultura. Praktyczne wprowadzenie, tłum. A. Kowalcze-Pawlik, M. Buchta, Kraków 2011.Ksenicz, A., Antoni Czechow i świat jego dzieła, Zielona Góra 1992.Sałajczykowa, J., Współczesna literatura rosyjska wobec Czechowa, [w:] Studia z filologii rosyjskiej i słowiańskiej, t. XVI. Antoni Czechow, red. R. Śliwowski, Warszawa 1989.Śliwowski, R., Antoni Czechow, Warszawa 1986.Taylor, J. R., Kategoryzacja w języku, tłum. A. Skucińska, Kraków 2001.А. П. Чехов, Энциклопедия, ред. В. Б. Катаев, Москва 2011.Бялый, Г. А., Чехов и русский реализм. Очерки, Ленинград 1981.Линков, В. Я., Художественный мир прозы А. П. Чехова, Москва 1982.Чехов, А. П., Живой товар, [в:] А.П. Чехов, Полное собрание сочинений и писем в 30-ти томах. Сочинения в 18-ти томах, Москва, 1974–1982, т. 1.921922
Концептуальная интеграция как способ формирования новой картины мира в прозе А.П. Чехова
No full textThe article focuses on Chekhov’s original way of presenting literary impression of the world. The polemic with literary tradition consists in the writer proposing a holistic vision of a hero. This effect is achieved by employing conceptual integration. A short story Ward No. 6 in which a new trick is presented by means of the description of the hero’s appearance (dr. Ragin’s), may serve as an example of this creative method. Gradually, the integration of different mental spaces permeates into the internal world of the hero and complicates simple axiological assessment. The holistic picture of a hero appears also in the early stages of Chekhov’s creative activity, The Death of a Government Clerk being an example. As a result, it can be concluded that the literary works of the author of The Black Monk are always deeper than a free interpretation.W niniejszym artykule przedmiotem zainteresowania jest oryginalny sposób kreowania przez Czechowa literackiego obrazu świata. Polemika z tradycją literacką polega na zaproponowaniu przez pisarza holistycznej wizji bohatera. Taki efekt Czechow osiąga przez zastosowanie integracji pojęciowej. Metodę twórczą ilustruje opowiadanie Sala numer 6, w którym autor prezentuje nowy chwyt za pomocą opisu wyglądu zewnętrznego bohatera, doktora Ragina. Integracja różnych przestrzeni mentalnych stopniowo przenika w świat wewnętrzny bohatera i komplikuje prostą aksjologiczną ocenę. Holistyczny obraz bohatera pojawia się również we wczesnym etapie twórczości Czechowa, np. w opowiadaniu Śmierć urzędnika. Dzięki temu można stwierdzić, iż utwory autora Czarnego mnicha są zawsze głębsze od każdej z prób ich interpretacji.В настоящей статье наш интерес вызывает оригинальный подход Антона Чехова к литературной картине мира. Полемика с литературной традицией заключается в том, что писатель предлагает холистический взгляд на героя. Такой эффект А. Чехов достигает путем концептуальной интеграции. Иллюстрацией служит рассказ Палата № 6, в котором свой новый прием автор обнаруживает при помощи представления внешнего вида героя – доктора Рагина. Постепенно интеграция разных ментальных пространств проходит во внутренний мир героя и осложняет ясную аксиологическую оценку. Холистический образ героя появляется и в раннем периоде творчества А. Чехова, например в Смерти чиновника. Благодаря этому можно сказать, что произведения автора Черного монаха всегда глубже любой из их интерпретаций
Optical scattering measurements and implications on thermal noise in Gravitational Wave detectors test-mass coatings
No full textLa typologie fonctionnelle de l'implantation touristique; l'exemple des villages de Wysowa et Rytro, dans les Carpates polonaises..
No full textThe author proposes a typology of the tourism-resorts which mainly deals with the various aspects of the tourist function. To this effect, a theoritical study is based on five criteria: the dimension of the tourist movement, its seasonal aspect, its demographic structure, the tourist motivations and aims, the range of the influence area: first an important table synthesizes the details of this typology. Then the theoritical analysis is applied to two tourist localities: Wysowa (Lower Beskides) and Rytro (Beskid Sadecki).L'Auteur propose une typologie des stations de tourisme, qui s' appuie essentiellement sur les divers aspects de la fonction touristique. Pour cela, une étude théorique retient cinq critères: la dimension du mouvement touristique, son caractère saisonnier, sa structure démographique, les motivations des touristes et l'étendue de la zone d' influence: un grand tableau synthétise les détails de la typologie. L' étude théorique est ensuite appliquée à deux localités touristiques, Wysowa (Basses-Beskides) et Rytro (Beskides de Sacz).Liszewski Stanislas. La typologie fonctionnelle de l'implantation touristique; l'exemple des villages de Wysowa et Rytro, dans les Carpates polonaises... In: Méditerranée, troisième série, tome 69, 4-1989. Tourisme rural en montagne: les Hautes-Alpes et les Tatry. pp. 25-32
“Gazeta Krakowska” towards the Independent and Self-Governing “Solidarity” Trade Union: September 1980 – December 1981
No full textP owstanie Niezależnego Samorządnego Związku Zawodowego „Solidarność” po
fali strajków na Wybrzeżu w sierpniu 1980 r. spowodowało polaryzację w Polskiej
Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej. Artykuł przedstawia stosunek redakcji krakowskiego
dziennika PZPR, „Gazety Krakowskiej” (do 31 grudnia 1980 r. – „Gazety Południowej”)
do „Solidarności” od września 1980 r. (tj. zakończenia strajków na Wybrzeżu) do
13 grudnia 1981 r. (wprowadzenia stanu wojennego). Zawiera też opis podziału w par-
tii. Na podstawie krytycznej analizy źródeł autor wyróżnił kilka problemów: poparcie
dla działań „Solidarności”, promowanie umiarkowanego nurtu w NSZZ „Solidarność”,
chęć mediacji pomiędzy PZPR a „Solidarnością” oraz nawoływanie do odejścia od
możliwości konfrontacji siłowej z obu stron. W artykule została także przedstawiona
krytyka działaczy partyjnych wobec stosunku „Gazety Krakowskiej” do „Solidarności”.
Główne źródło do badań stanowią artykuły prasowe publikowane na łamach „Gazety
Krakowskiej” od września 1980 r. do grudnia 1981 r. Ponadto artykuł oparty został
na aktach przechowywanych w Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie oraz Archiwum
Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Krakowie. Autor przeprowadził również rozmowy
z Jerzym Sadeckim i Zbigniewem Reguckim.T he emergence of the Independent and Self-Governing “Solidarity” Trade Union fol-
lowing a wave of strikes on the Polish coast in August 1980 polarized the Polish United
Workers’ Party. The article discusses the attitude of the editorial board of the Cracow
magazine of the PUWP “Gazeta Krakowska” (“Gazeta Południowa” until 31 December
1980) towards “Solidarity” in the period from September 1980 (i.e. the end of the stri-
kes on the coast) until 13 December 1981) (i.e. the introduction of martial law). It also
describes divisions within the Party. Based on a critical analysis of source evidence, the
author specifies several problems: support for “Solidarity’s” operations, the promotion
of a moderate stream within the ISGTU “Solidarity”, the intention to mediate between
the PUWP and “Solidarity” and the appeal to both parties to refrain from engaging in
a power struggle. Furthermore, the article presents the critical opinions of party acti-
vists about the approach of “Gazety Krakowska” toward the “Solidarity” movement.
Research was mainly based on press articles published by “Gazeta Krakowska” during
the period from September 1980 until December 1981. The article was additionally based
on the files stored by the National Archive in Cracow and by the Archive of the Institute
of National Remembrance in Cracow. The author also interviewed Jerzy Sadecki and
Zbigniew Regucki
GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
No full textThe third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) describes signals
detected with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo up to the end of their third
observing run. Updating the previous GWTC-2.1, we present candidate
gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences during the second half of
the third observing run (O3b) between 1 November 2019, 15:00 UTC and 27 March
2020, 17:00 UTC. There are 35 compact binary coalescence candidates identified
by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical
origin . Of these, 18 were previously reported as
low-latency public alerts, and 17 are reported here for the first time. Based
upon estimates for the component masses, our O3b candidates with
are consistent with gravitational-wave signals from
binary black holes or neutron star-black hole binaries, and we identify none
from binary neutron stars. However, from the gravitational-wave data alone, we
are not able to measure matter effects that distinguish whether the binary
components are neutron stars or black holes. The range of inferred component
masses is similar to that found with previous catalogs, but the O3b candidates
include the first confident observations of neutron star-black hole binaries.
Including the 35 candidates from O3b in addition to those from GWTC-2.1, GWTC-3
contains 90 candidates found by our analysis with
across the first three observing runs. These observations of compact binary
coalescences present an unprecedented view of the properties of black holes and
neutron stars.Comment: 88 pages (10 pages author list, 31 pages main text, 1 page
acknowledgements, 24 pages appendices, 22 pages bibliography), 17 figures, 16
tables. Update to match version to be published in Physical Review X. Data
products available from https://gwosc.org/GWTC-3
The US Program in Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Science: Contribution from the LIGO Laboratory
No full textRecent gravitational-wave observations from the LIGO and Virgo observatories have brought a sense of great excitement to scientists and citizens the world over. Since September 2015,10 binary black hole coalescences and one binary neutron star coalescence have been observed. They have provided remarkable, revolutionary insight into the "gravitational Universe" and have greatly extended the field of multi-messenger astronomy. At present, Advanced LIGO can see binary black hole coalescences out to redshift 0.6 and binary neutron star coalescences to redshift 0.05. This probes only a very small fraction of the volume of the observable Universe. However, current technologies can be extended to construct "3rd Generation" (3G) gravitational-wave observatories that would extend our reach to the very edge of the observable Universe. The event rates over such a large volume would be in the hundreds of thousands per year (i.e. tens per hour). Such 3G detectors would have a 10-fold improvement in strain sensitivity over the current generation of instruments, yielding signal-to-noise ratios of 1000 for events like those already seen. Several concepts are being studied for which engineering studies and reliable cost estimates will be developed in the next 5 years
Identification and mitigation of narrow spectral artifacts that degrade searches for persistent gravitational waves in the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO
No full textInternational audienceSearches are under way in Advanced LIGO and Virgo data for persistent gravitational waves from continuous sources, e.g. rapidly rotating galactic neutron stars, and stochastic sources, e.g. relic gravitational waves from the Big Bang or superposition of distant astrophysical events such as mergers of black holes or neutron stars. These searches can be degraded by the presence of narrow spectral artifacts (lines) due to instrumental or environmental disturbances. We describe a variety of methods used for finding, identifying and mitigating these artifacts, illustrated with particular examples. Results are provided in the form of lists of line artifacts that can safely be treated as non-astrophysical. Such lists are used to improve the efficiencies and sensitivities of continuous and stochastic gravitational wave searches by allowing vetoes of false outliers and permitting data cleaning
Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO
No full textSmall, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises
