26 research outputs found
Public procurement: regional practice of legal regulation and enforcement
No full textThe article is dedicated to the analysis of public procurement system in the regions of the Russian Federation following the results of the introduction of an amended Federal Law of April 05, 2013 No. 44-FZ "On Contract System in the Sphere of Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services for State and Municipal Needs". A considerable number of amendments to the law, along with the issues of its enforcement on the example of the Smolensk Region, determine the relevance of the study. The article reflects the main trends of law enforcement in the field of public procurement, systemizes the organization of public procurement at the regional level, and comprises conclusions on the advantages and disadvantages of the applicable contract procedures. Based on research the authors have substantiated the need of economic and legal methodological support for the uniformity (conformance) of the practice of state customers and budget institutions for the effective organization of public procurement in the regions. According to the authors, organization and management of competitive bidding, is a comprehensive economic and legal tool that boosts the efficiency of public spending, facilitates the development the national economy and competition, ensuring publicity and transparency in procurement, and acts as an effective mechanism to counter corruption. Taking into consideration the proven efficiency of the joint trading sessions, it is proposed to extend their usage practice, that can improve the economic safety of the region
Авторские инновации в языке. Иосиф Бродский
No full textIn this article the cases of Joseph Brodsky’s creation and/or non-normative usage of words, idioms, phrases and sentences in poetic texts are considered. The analysis of the material makes it possible to distinguish morphological and lexical occasionalisms at the word level, semantic and syntactic devices used by the author at the word combination level, syntactic and phraseological occasionalisms at the sentence level.In this article the cases of Joseph Brodsky’s creation and/or non-normative usage of words, idioms, phrases and sentences in poetic texts are considered. The analysis of the material makes it possible to distinguish morphological and lexical occasionalisms at the word level, semantic and syntactic devices used by the author at the word combination level, syntactic and phraseological occasionalisms at the sentence level.В статье рассматриваются случаи создания и/или ненормативного употребления Иосифом Бродским в поэтических текстах слов, словоформ, словосочетаний и предложений. Анализ материала дает возможность выделить на уровне слова морфологические и лексические окказионализмы, на уровне словосочетания — семантические и синтаксические авторские образования, на уровне предложения — синтаксические и фразеологические окказионализмы
Авторская журналистика как глобальный медиа-тренд (на примере журнала «Русский пионер»)
No full textАннотация выпускной квалификационной работы Геллер Екатерины Андреевны «АВТОРСКАЯ ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА КАК ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДИАТРЕНД (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЖУРНАЛА «РУССКИЙ ПИОНЕР»)» Н. рук. – Тимченко Инна Святославовна, старший преподаватель Образовательная программа – Журналистика Кафедра международной журналистики Очная форма обчения Ключевые слова: медиатренд, авторская журналистика, колонка, Русский пионер, Андрей Колесников Авторская журналистика сегодня находится в фокусе внимания большинства участников медиарынка. В частности, одно из её модных направлений – сторителлинг – искусство доносить значимую информацию с помощью живых рассказов и личных историй, которые возбуждают у человека эмоции и запускают процесс индивидуального осмысливания, поиска собственных решений. Рассуждая о роли и месте авторской журналистики в глобальном медиапространстве, автор дипломной работы посвящает теоретическую часть исследованию авторской журналистики и рассматривает один из её самых востребованных жанров – авторскую колонку. В практической части работы автор предпринимает попытку проанализировать феномен литературного иллюстрированного журнала «Русский пионер», специализирующегося исключительно на авторском контенте, а также разбирает творчество одного из самых авторитетных колумнистов современности, редактора вышеназванного журнала Андрея Колесникова. Актуальность исследования обусловлена рядом факторов. Во-первых, изменениями, происходящими в медиасреде под влиянием стремительного развития информационных технологий. Во-вторых, возникновением новых глобальных медиатрендов, проникающих на отечественный медиарынок. И, наконец, возросшим спросом на авторскую журналистику в отечественной медиасреде. Теоретическую базу работы составили научные изыскания в области теории и истории журналистики (В. П. Коломиец, Л. Е. Кройчик, Д. Лавникевич, Е. П. Прохоров, В. В. Тулупов), авторской журналистики (В. В. Коломина, А. Мирошниченко, А. Н. Тепляшина, И. С. Тимченко) и колумнистики (Ю. А. Гордеев, И. С. Тимченко, А. Н. Потсар, С. С. Успенская). Методологическую базу исследования составляют общенаучные методы (анализ, дедукция, сравнение, обобщение, синтез) и эмпирические (аналогия, содержательный контент-анализ, методы лингвостилистического анализа: компонентный анализ, контекстуальный анализ, ассоциативно-концептуальный анализ текста). Объектом исследования является авторская журналистика как один из глобальных медиатрендов. Предметом исследования стал журнал «Русский пионер», специализирующийся исключительно на авторском контенте, а также авторская колонка как жанровая доминанта вышеупомянутого издания. Цель исследования – рассмотреть феномен авторской журналистики на примере журнала «Русский пионер», уникальная специализация которого заключается в том, что он публикует исключительно авторские колонки, мнения и комментарии. Достижение поставленной цели предполагает решение ряда теоретических и практических задач: 1) изучить научную литературу, посвящённую вопросу исследования; 2) обозначить основные современные глобальные медиатренды; 3) рассмотреть авторскую журналистику в качестве ключевого глобального медиатренда; 4) проанализировать феномен литературного иллюстративного журнала «Русский пионер», специализирующегося исключительно на авторском контенте; 5) рассмотреть авторскую колонку в качестве жанровой доминанты журнала «Русский пионер»; 6) выделить ключевые специфические черты, присущие современной авторской колонке на примере текстов одного из ведущих отечественных колумнистов Андрея Колесникова. Эмпирической базой исследования стали материалы журнала «Русский пионер», а также колонки его главного редактора, известнейшего российского колумниста А. Колесникова. В структуру ВКР входит введение, одна теоретическая глава, состоящая из двух параграфов, одна практическая глава, состоящая из трёх параграфов, заключение и список используемой литературы. В результате исследования удалось выяснить, что авторская журналистика является сегодня одним из ключевых глобальных медиатрендов, а журнал «Русский пионер», структура которого состоит исключительно из авторских материалов, – ярчайшим примером проникновения тренда на авторскую журналистику в отечественную медиасреду.Abstract of bachelor graduating thesi Geller Ekaterina Andreevna «AUTHOR JOURNALISM AS A GLOBAL MEDIATREND (ON THE EXAMPLE OF «THE RUSSIAN PIONEER» MAGAZINE)» Scientific tutor – Timchenko Inna Svyatoslavovna, Senior Lecturer Educational program - Journalism Department of International Journalist Full-time education Key words: mediatrend, author journalism, column, Russian pioneer, Andrei Kolesnikov Author's journalism today is in the focus of attention of most participants of the media market. In particular, one of its trendy trends is storytelling – the art of delivering meaningful information through live stories and personal stories that excite a person's emotions and trigger the process of individual comprehension, finding their own solutions. Arguing about the role and place of author's journalism in the global media space, the author of the thesis devotes a theoretical part to the study of author's journalism and considers one of its most popular genres – the author's column. In the practical part of the work the author makes an attempt to analyze the phenomenon of the literary illustrated magazine “Russian Pioneer”, which specializes exclusively in author's content, and also dissects the work of one of the most authoritative columnists of the present, the editor of the above-named magazine Andrei Kolesnikov. The relevance of the study is due to a number of factors. First, the changes taking place in the media environment under the influence of the rapid development of information technology. Secondly, the emergence of new global mediatrendov, penetrating the domestic media market. Finally, the increased demand for authorial journalism in the domestic media environment. The theoretical basis of the work was scientific research in the field of theory and history of journalism (V. P Kolomiets, L. E. Kroychik, D. Lavnievich, E. P. Prokhorov, V. V. Tulupov), author's journalism (V. V. Kolomina, A. Miroshnichenko, A. N. Teplyashina, I. S. Timchenko) and columnists (Yu. A. Gordeev, I. S. Timchenko, A. N. Pottsar, S. S Uspenskaya). The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods (analysis, deduction, comparison, generalization, synthesis) and empirical (analogy, content content analysis, methods of linguistic analysis: component analysis, contextual analysis, associative-conceptual analysis of the text). The subject of the study is author's journalism as one of the global media partners. The subject of the study was the magazine “Russian Pioneer”, which specializes exclusively in author's content, as well as the author's column as a genre dominant of the above-mentioned publication. The aim of the research is to consider the phenomenon of author's journalism on the example of the magazine “Russian Pioneer”, whose unique specialization consists in publishing exclusively columns of authors, opinions and comments. Achieving this goal involves solving a number of theoretical and practical problems: 1) study the scientific literature devoted to the issue of research; 2) identify the main contemporary global media partners; 3) consider author's journalism as a key global media player; 4) analyze the phenomenon of the literary illustrative magazine “Russian Pioneer”, which specializes exclusively in author's content; 5) consider the author's column as a genre dominant of the magazine “Russian Pioneer”; 6) highlight the key specific features inherent in the modern author's column, using the example of the texts of one of the leading domestic columnists Andrei Kolesnikov. The empirical basis of the study was the materials of the magazine “Russian Pioneer”, as well as the columns of its editor-in-chief, the famous Russian columnist A. Kolesnikov. The structure of SRS includes an introduction, one theoretical chapter consisting of two sections, one practical chapter consisting of three paragraphs, a conclusion and a list of used literature. As a result, of the research, it was possible to find out that author's journalism is today one of the key global media partners, and the magazine “Russian Pioneer”, whose structure consists exclusively of author's materials, is the brightest example of the penetration of the trend into authoritative journalism into the domestic media environment
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of HgBa[subscript 2]CuO[subscript 4+δ]
No full textHgBa[subscript 2]CuO[subscript 4+δ]. (Hg1201) has been shown to be a model cuprate for scattering, optical, and transport experiments, but angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data are still lacking owing to the absence of a charge-neutral cleavage plane. We report on progress in achieving the experimental conditions for which quasiparticles can be observed in the near-nodal region of the Fermi surface. The d-wave superconducting gap in near-optimally-doped Hg1201 is found to have a maximum of 39 meV. At low temperature, a kink is detected in the nodal dispersion at approximately 51 meV below the Fermi level, an energy that is different from other cuprates with comparable T[subscript c]. The superconducting gap, Fermi surface, and nodal band renormalization measured here provide a crucial momentum-space complement to other experimental probes.United States. Dept. of Energy. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515)United States. Dept. of Energy. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (Contract DE-FG03-01ER45929-A001
Growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition for electrical devices
No full textCarbon emerges in di®erent forms. Diamond and graphite have been well known mate-
rials for centuries. Moreover fullerenes and nanotubes were discovered only a few years ago.
H. W. Kroto et al. depicted the fullerenes in 1985 [1]. A few years later, in 1991, S. Iijima
described carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the ¯rst time [2] (Figure 1.1).
CNTs have a close relation to graphite, since a single-wall carbon nanotube is like a rolled-up
graphite mono layer. However a nanotube has with its curved shape a higher chemical reacti-
vity than a °at graphite layer. Both the side wall and the caps can be modi¯ed chemically [3].
Carbon nanotubes are regular carbon clusters with attractive mechanical and electronic pro-
perties [4]. Nanotubes have a high mechanical strength due to a very large Young's modu-
lus [5]. They can be used for the storage of hydrogen [5, 6], to store energy in electrochemical
double layer capacitors [7] or to reinforce composite materials [3]. A single nanotube can be
used as a sensor [8{12], a nanorelay [13], a vessel [14] or as a template [3, 15]. It is possible
to produce light bulbs [16] and ¯bers [17] with carbon nanotubes. An array of CNTs can act
as a °at panel display [3, 5] using their feature to act as ¯eld emitting devices [18{21].
CNTs are either metallic (1/3) or semiconducting (2/3). Nowadays it is not possible to select
the desired characteristic of a nanotube in advance. It is only possible to separate metallic
from semiconducting tubes by using an electrical ¯eld [22]. Metallic nanotubes with their
diameter of a few nm represent the ultimate conducting wire whereas the semiconducting
ones can be used as transistors [23{25] even on a transparent and °exible substrate [26]. The
transistors can be optimized by the chemical control of the nanotube-electrode interface [27].
Quantum dots [28, 29] and spin valves [30{32] can be built alike simple logic gates [33] and a
Y-junction recti¯er [34].
Carbon nanotubes have a very interesting property: they are "1-dimensional" molecules [35].
This has to be explained in a few words. In general, quantum con¯nement leads to a spacing
of the allowed eigenenergies. Electrons cannot hop into a higher energy level if the thermal
energy is much smaller than this energy di®erence. In a nanotube an electron is con¯ned in the
directions perpendicular to the tube axis. The nanotube becomes a 1-dimensional conductor.
For several years members of our research group are exploring the electrical properties of
this very special conductor. The behavior of carbon nanotubes is investigated with electrical
transport measurements at low temperatures (down to 50 mK) and in high magnetic ¯elds
(up to 10 T).
The raw material for the ¯rst experiments [36{38] were multi-wall carbon nanotubes ob-
tained from L. Forr¶o (Ecole Polytechnique F¶ed¶erale de Lausanne) which were produced using
laser ablation. The multi-wall carbon nanotubes were used to investigate the suppression of
tunnelling [36, 39], multiple Andreev re°ection [28, 37], electrical spin injection [30{32] and
quantum dots [37, 40{43].
The next step was to grow single-wall carbon nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) [8,44{46]. This procedure has the advantage to be faster than an external collaboration
and in addition the growth of the tubes directly on the device makes the samples ready for
use without an additional treatment.
It was veri¯ed that the CVD grown tubes are suitable of for electrical devices [47]. Vibrating
nanotubes [48] and an ambipolar ¯eld-e®ect transistor [23] were studied. Kondo e®ect [49]
and Fano-Resonances [50] were investigated as well.
The latter experiments reveal one common de¯ciency. The grown tubes are often not sepa-
rated but bundled [47] (Figure 6.10). Moreover it is not clear if they are multi- or single-wall
tubes. This means for electronic transport measurements that several tubes are measured si-
multaneously. Thus the tube with the best conductivity dominates the measurement, whereas
the other tubes perturb the measured signal by there presence.
The main focus of this thesis is the development of a growth process of single-wall carbon
nanotubes by using CVD. The aim is to overcome the problem of bundling. The grown
nanotubes have to be free of lattice defects and they need to have good electrode-nanotube
contacts in order to make them suitable for electronic transport measurements. They have
to lay °at, well separated and optimally distributed on SiO2 our standard substrate. On the
one hand the tube density should not be too high since this would increase the probability
of shortcuts between the electrodes due to nanotube-nanotube contacts. On the other hand
it should not be too low since this would make the localization of an appropriate nanotube
much more time consuming (Figure 1.2).
Two ways to achieve this goal were tried. The single-wall nanotubes can be bought, dissolved
in a solvent and spread after cleaning and separation [51{57], as in the thesis [46]. The second
possibility is to grow the tubes directly on the device as presented in this thesis.
Growing carbon nanotubes with CVD is very simple, at least in principle. There are only
a few essential things needed: an oven, a substrate, a catalyst and a carbon feedstock. The
main challenge is to acquire the right knowhow.
The ¯rst step was to build up the CVD system. Afterwards the proper growth conditions
and a simple method to check the demanded properties of the grown tubes had to be found.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is the standard characterization tool used in this thesis.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a helpful mean in order to show that the tubes
are separated and single-wall, since it allows the investigation of the tubes' internal structure.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy are used in addition.
Outline of this thesis
² Chapter 2 gives a short overview with respect to the properties, the growth and the
characterization of carbon nanotubes.
² The oven and the gas system are delineated in Chapter 3. Di®erent carbon feedstocks
were used: ethylene/hydrogen, methane, methane/ethylene and methane/hydrogen.
² The steps towards a suitable catalyst are presented in Chapter 4. Evaporated and
liquid based catalysts were tested. An iron molybdenum alumina catalyst dissolved in
2-propanol provides the best results.
² Chapter 5 gives a comparison of the results obtained utilizing di®erent growth processes,
and describes the formation of amorphous carbon and the oxidation of nanotubes.
² Chapter 6 summarizes experiments on di®erent TEM grids (Au, Cu, Mo, Ni, stainless
steel, Ti, quantifoils) and silicon nitride windows.
² The results from collaborations with other group members are presented in Chapter 7.
These experiments show the good quality of the grown tubes
Targeted metabolomic profiling as a tool for diagnostics of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
No full textAbstract Lung cancer is referred to as the second most common cancer worldwide and is mainly associated with complex diagnostics and the absence of personalized therapy. Metabolomics may provide significant insights into the improvement of lung cancer diagnostics through identification of the specific biomarkers or biomarker panels that characterize the pathological state of the patient. We performed targeted metabolomic profiling of plasma samples from individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC, n = 100) and individuals without any cancer or chronic pathologies (n = 100) to identify the relationship between plasma endogenous metabolites and NSLC by means of modern comprehensive bioinformatics tools, including univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, partial correlation network analysis and machine learning. Through the comparison of metabolomic profiles of patients with NSCLC and noncancer individuals, we identified significant alterations in the concentration levels of metabolites mainly related to tryptophan metabolism, the TCA cycle, the urea cycle and lipid metabolism. Additionally, partial correlation network analysis revealed new ratios of the metabolites that significantly distinguished the considered groups of participants. Using the identified significantly altered metabolites and their ratios, we developed a machine learning classification model with an ROC AUC value equal to 0.96. The developed machine learning lung cancer model may serve as a prototype of the approach for the in-time diagnostics of lung cancer that in the future may be introduced in routine clinical use. Overall, we have demonstrated that the combination of metabolomics and up-to-date bioinformatics can be used as a potential tool for proper diagnostics of patients with NSCLC
Medical Care for Tuberculosis-HIV-Coinfected Patients in Russia with Respect to a Changeable Patients’ Structure
No full textTo date, tuberculosis (TB) remains the primary cause of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in Russia. Since the beginning of 2000, a sharp change in the HIV patients’ structure, to the main known risk factors for HIV infection has taken place in Russia. The transmission of HIV through injectable drug use has begun to decline significantly, giving way to the prevalence of sexual HIV transmission today. These changes may require adjustments to organizational approaches to anti-TB care and the treatment of HIV-positive patients. Our study is aimed at identifying changes in TB-HIV coinfection patients’ structures in 2019 compared to 2000. Based on the results obtained, our goal was to point out the parameters that need to be taken into account when developing approaches to improve the organization of TB control care for people with HIV infection. We have carried out a cross-sectional, retrospective, epidemiological study using government TB registry data from four regions in two federal districts of Russia in 2019. The case histories of 2265 patients from two regions with high HIV prevalence, which are part of the Siberian Federal District of Russia, and 89 patient histories from two regions of low HIV prevalence, which are part of the Central Federal District of Russia, were analyzed. We found that parenteral transmission (69.4%) remains the primary route of HIV transmission among the TB-HIV coinfected. The unemployed of working age without disability account for 80.2% of all coinfected people, while the formerly incarcerated account for 53.7% and the homeless account for 4.1%. Those with primary multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) comprise 56.2% of HIV-TB patients. When comparing the incidence of coinfection with HIV among TB patients, statistically significant differences were obtained. Thus, the chances of coinfection increased by 4.33 times among people with active TB (95% CI: 2.31; 8.12), by 2.97 times among people with MDR-TB (95% CI: 1.66; 5.32), by 5.2 times in people with advanced processes in the lungs, including destruction, (95% CI: 2.78; 9.7), as well as by 10.3 times in the case of death within the first year after the TB diagnosis (95% CI: 2.99; 35.5). The absence of data for the presence of TB during preventive examination was accompanied by a decrease in the chances of detecting coinfection (OR 0.36; 95% CI: 0.2; 0.64). We have identified the probable causes of the high incidence of TB among HIV-infected: HIV-patient social maladaptation usually results in delayed medical care, leading to TB treatment regimen violations. Furthermore, self-administration of drugs triggers MDR-TB within this group. Healthcare providers should clearly explain to patients the critical importance of immediately seeking medical care when initial TB symptoms appear
Alkylresorcinols as a New Type of Gut Microbiota Regulators Influencing Immune Therapy Efficiency in Lung Cancer Treatment
No full textBackground. Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are polyphenolic compounds of microbial origin with a wide spectrum of biological activities and are potentially involved in host immune functioning. The present study is aimed at evaluating alterations in AR content in blood serum and faeces from healthy donors and patients with lung cancer in connection with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy to estimate the regulatory potential of AR. Methods. Quantitative analysis of AR levels, as well as other microbial metabolites in blood serum and faeces, was performed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection; estimation of lymphocyte subsets was performed by flow cytometry; faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from lung cancer patients after ICI therapy to germ-free mice was performed to explore whether the intestinal microbiota could produce AR molecules. Results. AR concentrations in both faeces and serum differ dramatically between healthy and lung cancer donors. The significant increase in AR concentrations in mouse faeces after FMT points to the microbial origin of ARs. For several ARs, there were strong positive and negative correlations in both faeces and serum with immune cells and these interrelationships differed between the therapy-responsive and nonresponsive groups. Conclusions. The content of ARs may influence the response to ICI therapy in lung cancer patients. ARs may be considered regulatory molecules that determine the functioning of antitumor immunity
Measurement of the top quark mass in the dileptonic decay channel using the mass observables , , and in pp collisions at TeV
No full textA measurement of the top quark mass in the dileptonic decay channel is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data was recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.70.5 fb. Events are selected with two oppositely charged leptons and two jets identified as originating from b quarks. The analysis is based on three kinematic observables whose distributions are sensitive to the value of Mt. An invariant mass observable, , and a “stransverse mass” observable, , are employed in a simultaneous fit to determine the value of and an overall jet energy scale factor (JSF). A complementary approach is used to construct an invariant mass observable, , that is combined with to measure . The shapes of the observables, along with their evolutions in and JSF, are modeled by a nonparametric Gaussian process regression technique. The sensitivity of the observables to the value of is investigated using a Fisher information density method. The top quark mass is measured to be 172.220.18(stat)(syst) GeV
Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into a b quark and a W boson in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeVCM
No full textA search is presented for a heavy vector-like quark, decaying into a b quark and a W boson, which is produced singly in association with a light flavor quark and a b quark. The analysis is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected at the LHC in 2015. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb. The search is carried out using events containing one electron or muon, at least one b-tagged jet with large transverse momentum, at least one jet in the forward region of the detector, and missing transverse momentum. No excess over the standard model prediction is observed. Upper limits are placed on the production cross section of heavy exotic quarks: a T quark with a charge of 2/3, and a Y quark with a charge of -4/3. For Y quarks with coupling of 0.5 and 100%, the observed (expected) lower mass limits are 1.40 (1.0) TeV. This is the most stringent limit to date on the single production of the Y vector-like quark
