417 research outputs found
Which Kind of Science Is Construction Management?
No full textIt is argued that the mainstream views on the nature of construction management are insufficient, and as one consequence of this, the relevance of construction management has been questioned. As a solution to this situation, construction management is suggested to be repositioned as a design science, rather than as an explanatory science. A historical consideration reveals that design science equals to one of the sciences proposed by Aristotle, however, the suggestion of Aristotle has been forgotten. Thus, there has been a long-standing neglect of the design science, which explains the present fragmentation of this field. It is argued that this redefinition of construction management will solve several problems plaguing this discipline, including the problem of relevance
Textualising an Oral Epic – Mission Completed
No full textDr.Phil., docent Lauri Harvilahti is the director of the Folklore Archives of the Finnish Literature Society. His main fields of specialty are systems for the archiving of oral tradition materials, studies on oral and literary epics and questions of ethnic and national identity.In this article the author briefly examines three cases that represent Lauri Honko’s views on the textualisation of oral epics. Furthermore, these examples offer an insight into the concept of the paradigm, which was a key concept for Lauri Honko in the field of folkloristics and in the study of religion. The three case studies are as follows:
1. A literary folk epic based on an oral tradition: the ‘singing scribe’ Elias Lönnrot, who compiled a number of versions of his Kalevala on the basis of Kalevala-metric folk poems.
2. An epic based on multimedia documentation/ fieldwork: the Siri Epic, sung by Gopala Naika. He was an erudite singer, who used to perform the epic on ritual occasions or in the work-song context.
3. An epic based on an archived oral tradition: the long epic of the Setu female singer Anne Vabarna, who produced a twin epic with the encouragement of the collector Armas Otto Väisänen, who dreamt about writing down such an epic.
These three examples all belong to the ‘second life’ category of folklore in the sense that all of them have been produced outside the ‘system of communication’ which maintains an item of folklore in its original setting
Determining the temperature distribution of a concrete cross section using the finite element method
No full textTässä kandidaatintyössä käsitellään elementtimenetelmää hyödyntävien laskentaohjelmien käyttämistä betonipoikkileikkauksen lämpötilajakauman määrittämisessä. Työssä käsitellään aluksi paloteknistä suunnittelua Suomessa, minkä jälkeen siirrytään betonirakenteiden palomitoitusmenetelmiin. Lisäksi tarkastellaan aiheesta aiemmin tehtyä tutkimusta.
Työn tavoitteena on toimia mallinnusohjeena betonipoikkileikkauksen lämpötilajakauman määrittämiseen ANSYS Workbench -ohjelmistolla. Työssä keskitytään erityisesti raudoittamattoman suorakaidepalkin mallintamiseen ja sen lämpötilajakauman määrittämiseen.
Työssä käydään vaihe vaiheelta läpi poikkileikkauksen mallinnusprosessi. Työssä käsitellään mallin perustaminen, materiaaliominaisuuksien syöttäminen ohjelmaan, elementtiverkon luominen sekä itse lämpötilajakauman määritys laskentaohjelman avulla. Lopuksi käsitellään myös tulosten tarkastelua, ja niiden muokkaamista käytännöllisempään ja käyttökelpoisempaan muotoon
Ontelolaataston täyttövalun vaikutus tilojen väliseen ääneneristävyyteen
No full textSuomessa on joissakin kohteissa rakennettu kevytrakenteinen tiloja erottava seinä jatkuvan ontelolaattavälipohjan jännevälille. Tällaisten rakenneratkaisujen on arvioitu johtavan heikkoon tilojen väliseen ilmaääneneristävyyteen. Heikon ääneneristävyyden syynä on pidetty jatkuvan ontelolaataston kautta tapahtuvaa äänen sivutiesiirtymää sekä parketti- ja laminaattilattioiden ääneneristystä heikentävää vaikutusta, eli niin sanottua parkettiresonanssia. Tilojen välisen ääneneristävyyden parantamiseksi ontelolaataston ontelot on valettu tiloja erottavan seinän kohdalla umpeen. Tämän täyttövalun tarpeellisuutta on kuitenkin viimeaikaisten ääneneristävyysmittausten valossa kyseenalaistettu.
Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella ontelolaataston täyttövalun vaikutusta kevytrakenteisen seinän ja ontelolaataston liitoksen toimintaan sekä täyttövalun merkityksellisyyttä tilojen välisen ääneneristävyyden kannalta. Täyttövalun vaikutusta tarkasteltiin sekä kenttämittauksin että laskennallisesti. Suoritettujen kenttämittausten tuloksista havaittiin, että parhaat mittaustulokset saatiin kohteessa, jossa täyttövalua ei ollut käytetty. Sen sijaan kahdessa kohteessa, jossa täyttövalua oli käytetty joko koko liitoksessa tai osassa liitosta, ilmaääneneristävyyden vaatimustasoa ei saavutettu. Kenttämittausten tulokset viittaavat siis siihen, että täyttövalu ei ole ratkaiseva tekijä tilojen välisen ääneneristävyyden kannalta.
Täyttövalun vaikutusta ontelolaataston ja kevytrakenteisen tiloja erottavan seinän liitoksen liitoseristävyyteen tarkasteltiin käyttäen elementtimenetelmää (finite element method, FEM). Elementtimenetelmällä määritettyjä liitoseristävyyksiä puolestaan käytettiin standardien SFS-EN ISO 12354-1 ja 12354-2 laskentamenetelmien lähtötietona, jolloin voitiin tarkastella täyttövalun vaikutusta tilojen väliseen ilma- ja askelääneneristävyyteen.
FE-menetelmällä tehtyjen simulaatioiden perusteella ontelolaataston täyttövalu parantaa liitoksen liitoseristävyyttä ontelolaatastoa pitkin kulkevalla sivutiesiirtymäreitillä. Standardien SFS-EN ISO 12354-1 ja 12354-2 mukaisesti tehtyjen tilojen välisen ilma- ja askelääneneristävyyden laskelmien perusteella täyttövalu ei kuitenkaan paranna tilojen välistä ääneneristävyyttä merkittävällä tavalla. Täyttövalulla saavutettiin pieni parannus tilojen väliseen askelääneneristävyyteen, joskin parannuksen todettiin johtuvan ainakin osittain laskentamallin rajoittuneisuudesta. Lisäksi askelääneneristävyyden parannus ei laskennan perusteella ole tarpeen askelääneneristävyyden vaatimustason saavuttamiseksi.
Kenttämittausten ja laskennan tulosten perusteella todettiin, että vaikka ontelolaataston täyttövalu parantaa liitoksen liitoseristävyyttä, se ei paranna tilojen välistä ääneneristävyyttä. Täyttövalun avulla ei myöskään laskennan perusteella voida ehkäistä parkettiresonanssin vaikutusta. Näistä syistä täyttövalun käyttäminen tilojen välisen ääneneristävyyden parantamiseksi ei ole tarpeellista.In Finland, the lightweight partitioning wall between dwellings is sometimes built within the span of a hollow-core slab floor so that the floor structure is continuous between dwellings. This type of construction has been found to result in insufficient airborne sound insulation between dwellings. The reason for the weak airborne sound insulation has been assumed to be the flanking sound transmission via the continuous hollow-core slab floor, and the effect of floor coverings such as laminate or parquet floors. A concrete core-fill of the hollow-core slabs at the junction was proposed to improve the sound insulation between dwellings. However, in light of recent sound insulation measurements, the necessity of the core-fill has come into question.
The purpose of this master’s thesis is to study and analyze the effect of a concrete core-fill on the behavior of the junction of a continuous hollow-core slab floor and a lightweight partitioning wall and the sound insulation between rooms. The effect of the core-fill was analyzed via field measurements and calculations. The effect of the core-fill on the vibration reduction index of the junction in question was determined via the finite element method (FEM). Using the vibration reduction index determined via the FE-method as input data, the sound insulation between dwellings was investigated using the calculation methods presented in the standards SFS-EN ISO 12354-1 and SFS-EN ISO 12354-2.
The field measurements suggest that the core-fill alone is not the determining factor for sound insulation between dwellings. The best airborne and impact sound insulation results were measured between two rooms where a core-fill was not utilized in the junction of the hollow-core slab floor and the lightweight partitioning wall. The results of the field measurements suggest that the effect of the continuous floor structure isn’t necessarily as important as other structural details which influence the sound transmission between dwellings.
The finite element analysis of the junction of a continuous hollow-core slab floor and a lightweight partitioning wall showed that the core-fill does noticeably improve the vibration reduction index of the flanking path via the hollow-core slab. However, the calculations of sound insulation between dwellings according to SFS-EN ISO 12354-1 and SFS-EN ISO 12354-2 suggest that the core-fill, despite improving the vibration attenuation at the junction, does not improve the airborne sound insulation between dwellings. A small improvement in calculated impact sound insulation was found, but the improvement was partially attributed to the inaccuracies of the calculation model. Additionally, the situations where the impact sound insulation was improved, the requirements for impact sound insulation between dwellings had already been fulfilled without the core-fill.
From the measurement and calculation results it was determined that while the concrete core-fill does improve the vibration attenuation at the junction of a hollow-core slab floor and the lightweight partitioning wall, its effect on sound insulation between dwellings was either not sufficiently large, as in the case of airborne sound insulation, or that the improvement was unnecessary, as in the case of impact sound insulation. As such, the concrete core-fill in the junction was deemed unnecessary
Building of Reinforced Concrete Structural Framing, Comparison and Opportunities for Substitution on the Example of the Main Building of the Estonian National Museum
No full textKäesolevas lõputöös on vastavalt lähteülesandele uuritud Eesti Rahva Muuseumi uue peahoone raudbetoonkarkassi konstruktsioone, toodud võrdlused teiste Eestis ehitatud hoonete analoogsete tehniliste lahendustega ja pakutud alternatiivsed võimalused, mis tagaksid ressursside efektiivsema ning ratsionaalsema kasutamise Eesti Rahva Muuseumi uue peahoone ehitustegevusel. Erinevate konstruktsioonide võrdlusi koostades on selgunud, et Eesti Rahva Muuseumi uue peahoone projekteerijate poolt paljud üledimensioneeritud raudbetoonkonstruktsioonid nõuavad ehitusprotsessis oluliselt suuremat materjali-, aja- ja tööjõukulu, mis muudavad ehituse maksumuse kallimaks. Samuti on loodud arhitektuurelemente, mis paiknevad piiratud juurdepääsuga ruumides ning on vaadeldavad vaid muuseumi töötajate ja ventilatsiooniseadmete hooldajate poolt, kuid ruumide kasutuse seisukohalt on tegemist ebaratsionaalsete lahendustega. Eestis varem ehitatud analoogseid hooneid uurides võib järeldada, et hoonele vajalik stabiilsus ja kandevõime on tagatav saledamate ning kergemate konstruktsioonidega. Saadud kogemuse põhjal saab järeldada, et ehitatava muuseumihoone vahelaed oleks mõistlik teostada monteeritavatest elementidest, mis säästaks aega ja muudaks ehituse tervikuna odavamaks. Ehitustegevuse ajal ilmastikust tingitud mõjutegureid on sel juhul samuti vähem. Lõputöös on ehitatava Eesti Rahva Muuseumi uue peahoone raudbetoonkonstruktsioonidele kulutatavate ressursside maht arvutatud nii reaalsetes tingimustes ehitades kui konstruktsioonide alternatiivset lahendust kasutades ning toodud välja konkreetsed näitajad, mis tõestavad ressursside efektiivsemaid kasutusvõimalusi. Lõputöö koostamisega paralleelselt sama muuseumihoone projekti elluviimine ja igapäevaselt objektil selle hoone praktiline ehitamine on aidanud paremini mõista, kuidas ja kuhu konstruktsioonides koormused liiguvad. Kujunenud oskused võimaldavad tulevikus hoone projekti alusel paremini hinnata projekteeritud kandvate konstruktsioonide lahenduste ratsionaalsust vastavalt hoone otstarbele ja teha koostööd projekteerijatega optimaalsete lahenduste leidmisel. Eesti Rahva Muuseumi uue peahoone keldri kandva konstruktsiooni näitel on käesolevas lõputöös pakutud alternatiivne konstruktsiooniline lahendus, mille kasutamine võimaldaks säästa materjale, rahalisi vahendeid ja lühendada ehituseks kuluvat aega. Eesti Rahva Muuseumi uue peahoone ehitusel objektiinsenerina igapäevaste tööülesannete täitmise ning samaaegselt lõputöö kirjutamise tulemusena on saadud selgemad arusaamad projekteerimise efektiivsusest ja oskused projekteeritud kandvate konstruktsioonide lahenduste ratsionaalsuse hindamiseks. Ebamõistlikke ja kulurohkeid tegevusi ehitusobjektil saab vähendada ja vältida, kui projekteerimisfaasis toimub konstruktsiooniliste lahenduste leidmiseks edukas koostöö ehitajate, projekteerijate ja arhitektide vahel. Tulemuseks on ressursside optimaalne kasutamine, kus materjali-, aja- ja tööjõukulude säästmine võimaldab vähendada ehituse maksumust tervikuna. Ehitustegevusele kuluvat aega saab oluliselt lühendada, kui kasutada tehases toodetud elemente ja neid objektil kokku monteerida. Hoone konstruktsioonide kandevõime peab vastama hoone kasutamise otstarbele, kordades suurema kandevõimega konstruktsioonide projekteerimine ei ole põhjendatud. Efektiivne projekteerimine loob eeldused optimaalsete kuludega hoone ehitamiseks.According to a project specification, “Building of reinforced concrete structural framing, comparison and opportunities for substution on the example on the main building of the Estonian National Museum”, the author of this final paper, studies the structures of reinforced concrete framing of the new main building of the Estonian National Museum, gives examples of comparison with other built in Estonia buildings featuring the analogical technical solutions and provides the alternative solutions that would ensure more efficient and rational use of resources in building activity in regard with the Estonian National Museum. While making comparisons between different constructions, the author realized that a process of building too many over-dimensioned reinforced concrete structures of the new main building of the Estonian National Museum require significantly bigger material consumption, greater time and labour costs which will result in higher cost of construction. At the same time, some architectural elements were designed that locate in the rooms with restricted access and are only visited by the museum personnel and the ventilation equipment maintenance technicians, however, as far as the use of the rooms is concerned, we can talk of impractical solution. Studying some analogical constructions, built in Estonia earlier, one may come to a conclusion that the load bearing capacity and stability required for the building can be ensured by use of lighter and thinner structures. Based upon the acquired data, the author realized that floors of the museum building under construction should be made from assembled elements, which would save time and make the construction of the entire building cheaper. This solution will also result in fewer external weather factors that might affect the construction. The final paper contains a volume of resources going to be spent on construction of the reinforced concrete framing of the new main building of the Estonian National Museum, calculated both for construction in real conditions and adopting the alternative structural solution; the research also contains specific data which gives evidence of the more effective feasibility. Along with the compilation of the final paper the author spent every day on site implementing the design and erecting the museum building, and he began to better realize how and where structural loads spread. For the future the author would be able to better assess the practicability of bearing structure solutions on a basis of project according to the intended use of building and ensure cooperation with design engineers with the aim of finding optimal solutions. On the example of the basement bearing structure of the new main building of the Estonian National Museum the final paper provides the alternative structural solution, the implementation of which would help save materials and finance and reduce the construction time. While performing everyday job assignments on site in course of the construction of the new main building of the Estonian National Museum and writing the final paper at the same time, the author acquired better understanding of the design efficiency and skills of assessing rationality of bearing structures design. Unreasonable and costly activities in situ could be reduced and avoided if in the stage of design the effective cooperation between builders, designers and architects would be ensured with the aim of finding structural solutions. The cooperation might result in the optimal use of resources when saving material, time and labour costs result in reduction of total construction cost. The time spent on construction can be significantly reduced if prefabricated elements are used for assembling in situ. Bearing capacity of structures must correspond to the intended use; engineering design of structures with many-fold bearing capacity is unreasonable. The efficient design will predetermine construction at optimal cost
Veridicity
No full textThis paper addresses the problem of assessing the veridicity of textual content. Has an event mentioned in the text really occurred? Who is the source of the information? What is the stance of the author of the text? Does the author indicate whether he believes the source? We will survey some of linguistic conventions that indicate the author's commitment, or the lack thereof, to the propositions contained in her text. In particular we discuss phenomena that have been studied as presuppositions or conventional implicatures in previous literature. Some of those, such as factive and non-factive verbs, have received extensive attention in the past. Some others, such as supplemental expressions (e.g. appositives, parentheticals), have not received much previous attention, although they are very common and a rich source of textual inferences. A recent study by Christopher Potts classifies supplemental expressions as conventional implicatures. We agree with Potts on the label but not on what it means. In contrast to Potts, we claim that supplemental expressions cannot always be treated as the author's direct commitments and argue that they do not constitute a basis for a distinction between presuppositions and conventional implicatures. We illustrate some cases of conventional implicature and show how they indicate an author's commitment to the truth of his statements and briefly state the importance of these distinctions for Information Extraction (IE)
Christopher Bolton, Interpreting Anime; Thomas Lamarre, The Anime Ecology: A Genealogy of Television, Animation, and Game Media
No full textIt is the year 2019 and we now live in the present of the cataclysmic event credited for first introducing the world beyond Japan to anime. I am of course talking about Akira (1988), the seminal feature-length animated film, which, as the author of one of the books reviewed here puts it, took its contemporary audiences by wonder and surprise. In a way, then, what was once part of a distant and imaginary future has somehow already become our present. And while now effectively caught up with this post-apocalyptic fantasy, there still appears to be an ongoing and unresolved battle about whether anime can be taken and discussed seriously. Scholarship is still striving to come to terms with what anime is or could be used for. Interpreting Anime by Christopher Bolton and The Anime Ecology by Thomas Lamarre aim to advance the subfield and surpass previous work; despite differences in purpose and scope, both treat anime seriously and often playfully too. Inasmuch as these efforts come from the two editors of the long-running Mechademia series (since 2006 also published by University of Minnesota Press, arguably the pioneer in the field of anime studies), the establishment of authority is also at stake here. Arguably, contrasting these two major contributions to anime scholarship will help elucidate their respective ambitions and achievements, insights and blind spots
Stephensia staudingeri Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen 1981
No full text<i>Stephensia staudingeri</i> Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen, 1981 <p> <i>Stephensia staudingeri</i> Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen, 1981: 245. Type locality: Greece, Rhodos, Rodini. Holotype ♂, in ZMUC.</p> <p>Distribution: Palearctic. Greece (Rhodos).</p> <p> Larval host plant(s): <i>Origanum</i> sp. (Lamiaceae) (Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen (1981).</p> <p>Figs.: Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen (1981).</p> <p> Remarks: Specimens reported outside Rhodos and re-examined by the present author are all referable to <i>S. brunnichella</i>. Parenti & Pizzolato (2014) synonymized <i>S. staudingeri</i> with <i>S. brunnichella</i> without explanation. Examination of the holotype of <i>S. staudingeri</i> by the present author confirms the differences between these taxa given in the original description of <i>S. staudingeri.</i> Therefore this synonymy is not followed here.</p>Published as part of <i>Kaila, Lauri, 2019, An annotated catalogue of Elachistinae of the World (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4632 (1)</i> on page 153, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4632.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3335414">http://zenodo.org/record/3335414</a>
Russia and International Law
No full textThe starting point of the article is Lauri Mälksoo’s recent book ‘Russian Approaches to International Law’. He focuses on Russia before and after the period of the Soviet Union. mälksoo knows his theme extremely well and discusses both the scholarship and State practice. Regarding the period of the Russian Federation, the Author of the article picks up his understanding of ‘progressive’ and ‘conservative’ in russian thinking – in human rights law, in economic law, and regarding the use of armed forces – and disagrees with him to some extent. Unlike mälksoo’s book, this article also comments on the position of international law in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union and divides its 70 years – together with the russian Federation’s 25 years – into six different periods. The Author then leaves Mälksoo and focuses on international law in the foreign policy of the Federation during this decade, including the full U-turn of the leading russian experts to support the illegal russian annexation of Crimea. The latest cause for concern comes from the russian-led international Collective Security Treaty organization (CSTo – having six members), where, according to the new Collective Security Strategy, the parties agree to take joint action to prevent any ‘color revolutions’ like the Maidan revolution in Ukraine, where the people challenged the corrupt President. None of the members of the CSTO are democratic
Recurrent digital fibromatosis of childhood
No full textThe Author report on a case of recurrent digital fibromatosis in a chil
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