24,827 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
O(d+1, d+1) enhanced double field theory
No full text© 2017, The Author(s). Double field theory yields a formulation of the low-energy effective action of bosonic string theory and half-maximal supergravities that is covariant under the T-duality group O(d, d) emerging on a torus T d . Upon reduction to three spacetime dimensions and dualisation of vector fields into scalars, the symmetry group is enhanced to O(d+1, d+1). We construct an enhanced double field theory with internal coordinates in the adjoint representation of O(d + 1, d + 1). Its section constraints admit two inequivalent solutions, encoding in particular the embedding of D = 6 chiral and non-chiral theories, respectively. As an application we define consistent generalized Scherk-Schwarz reductions using a novel notion of generalized parallelization. This allows us to prove the consistency of the truncations of D = 6, N= (1 1) and D = 6, N= (2 0) supergravity on AdS 3 × S 3
O(d+1, d+1) enhanced double field theory
No full text© 2017, The Author(s). Double field theory yields a formulation of the low-energy effective action of bosonic string theory and half-maximal supergravities that is covariant under the T-duality group O(d, d) emerging on a torus T d . Upon reduction to three spacetime dimensions and dualisation of vector fields into scalars, the symmetry group is enhanced to O(d+1, d+1). We construct an enhanced double field theory with internal coordinates in the adjoint representation of O(d + 1, d + 1). Its section constraints admit two inequivalent solutions, encoding in particular the embedding of D = 6 chiral and non-chiral theories, respectively. As an application we define consistent generalized Scherk-Schwarz reductions using a novel notion of generalized parallelization. This allows us to prove the consistency of the truncations of D = 6, N= (1 1) and D = 6, N= (2 0) supergravity on AdS 3 × S 3
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Experimental observation of different intermittency types in spherical couette flow
No full textFlows between concentric, counter rotating spherical boundaries are under investigation in a gap with a size equal to the inner sphere radius. The outer sphere rotational rate is fixed, while the inner sphere rotational rate was modulated. The amplitudes and frequencies of modulation are small relative to the averaged rotational rates of both spheres. With modulation amplitude increase, a transition from initial periodical flow to chaos occurs. To determine the state of the flow, time series of azimuthal velocity were used. Measurements were carried out by laser Doppler anemometer. Flow states with chaos–chaos and cycle–chaos–chaos intermittency were detected. The quantitative characteristics are considered, which allow separate different patterns of the flow state with distinct properties
DNS of transition to nonuniform in time and/or space turbulent flows in rotating spherical layers
No full textWe have numerically studied the transition to turbulence in a layer of a viscous incompressible fluid confined between concentric counter rotating spherical boundaries. Rotational speeds of one or two boundaries were periodically modulated. The transition to turbulence was caused by an increase in the modulation amplitude. Two different cases of transitions were under consideration. In the first case modulation of outer sphere velocity with constant inner sphere speed was imposed on initial periodical flow state. The obtained solutions reveal cycle-chaos intermittency type - irregular temporal alternation of laminar and turbulent states occupying the whole layer. In the second case both of spheres were opposite-phase oscillated at the same frequency and amplitude about the state of rest. The obtained solutions exhibits chaos-chaos intermittency type of the flow - irregular temporal alternation of weak and strong turbulent states in the limited part of the layer, outside which the flow remains periodical
A 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
Measurement of the D+/- production asymmetry in 7 TeV pp collisions
No full textThe asymmetry in the production cross-section \sigma of D+/- mesons, A_P = (\sigma(D+) - \sigma(D-))/(\sigma(D+) + \sigma(D-)), is measured in bins of pseudorapidity \eta and transverse momentum p_T within the acceptance of the LHCb detector. The result is obtained with a sample of D+ -> K_S pi+ decays corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb^-1, collected in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. When integrated over the kinematic range 2.0 K_S pi+ decay is negligible. No significant dependence on \eta or p_T is observed
Morphologic and functional correlates of synaptic pathology in the cathepsin D knockout mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
No full textMutations in the cathepsin D (CTSD) gene cause an aggressive neurodegenerative disease (congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) that leads to early death. Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic abnormalities play a major role in the pathogenesis of CTSD deficiencies. To identify the early events that lead to synaptic alterations, we investigated synaptic ultrastructure and function in presymptomatic CTSD knockout (Ctsd) mice. Electron microscopy revealed that there were significantly greater numbers of readily releasable synaptic vesicles present in Ctsd mice than in wild-type control mice as early as postnatal day 16. The size of this synaptic vesicle pool continued to increase with disease progression in the hippocampus and thalamus of the Ctsd mice. Electrophysiology revealed a markedly decreased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) with no effect on paired-pulse modulation of the evoked excitatory post synaptic potentials in the hippocampus of Ctsd mice. The reduced mEPSCs frequency was observed before the appearance of epilepsy or any morphologic sign of synaptic degeneration. Taken together, these data indicate that CTSD is required for normal synaptic function and that a failure in synaptic trafficking or recycling may bean early and important pathologic mechanism in Ctsd mice; these presynaptic abnormalities may initiate synaptic degeneration in advance of subsequent neuronal loss
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