30 research outputs found
KONSEP KENABIAN MUHAMMAD PERSPEKTIF JOHN EDWARD WANSBROUGH DAN HAMKA
Get PDFABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berangkat dari masalah kewahyuan nabi Muhammad yang
mendapat pandangan beragam dari para pemikir barat atau orientalis. Dalam
menyikapi hal ini sikap para orientalis baik yang pro dan kontra masih menjadi
permasalahan yang sampai saat ini belum terselesaikan titik permasalahannya.
Kalangan yang menerima kewahyuan Muhammad beranggapan bahwa wahyu
yang diterima oleh nabi Muhammad adalah benar-benar wahyu yang bersumber
dari ajaran Tuhan. Sebaliknya, kalangan orientalis yang berpendapat sinis
mengenai wahyu yang diberikan kepada Muhammad adalah hasil karangan
Muhammad sendiri memunculkan banyak polemik khususnya dari kalangan umat
Islam sendiri yang hingga saat ini belum dapat diselesaikan dan selalu menjadi
perdebatan. Salah satu tokoh orientalis yang mempunyai fokus kajian dalam hal
ini adalah John Edward Wansbrough, dengan dasar pendekatan skeptisnya yang
ditambah dengan satu pertimbangan analisis lainnya dalam memahami historitas
al-Qur’an yaitu penerapan metode kesusastraan yang menitikberatkan pada
analisis kelogisan dan keselarasan penggunaan bahasa di waktu turunnya
pewahyuan al-Qur’an, ia memberikan kritik tajam terhadap kenabian Muhammad
dengan temuannya yang menganggap bahwa Nabi Muhammad adalah tiruan dari
kenabian Musa a.s. dan menolak predikat sayyidul mursalin yang disandang oleh
nabi Muhammad dengan merendahkan derajatnya. Hal tersebut berbanding
terbalik dengan pendapat salah seorang tokoh Islam yang juga seorang sastrawan,
yaitu Abdul Karim Amrullah atau Hamka. Meskipun mempunyai banyak
kesamaan metode analisa dalam mengkaji al-Qur’an, salah satunya adalah
kesusastraan, akan tetapi kedua tokoh ini menghasilkan kesimpulan yang berbeda.
Hamka mengatakan bahwa naiknya cahaya nubuwwat atau kenabian yang dibawa
oleh nabi Muhammad saw adalah benar adanya dan hal tersebut teraplikasikan
menjadi prinsip-prinsip dasar kekuasaan.
Penelitian ini merupakah library research (kajian pustaka) dengan jenis
penelitian kualitatif, menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data secara dokumentatif
dengan pendekatan mawdu'’i (tematik) yang menghimpun atau mengumpulkan
ayat-ayat tentang kenabian, kemudian menganalisanya. Penelitian ini juga
termasuk dalam kategori historis faktual dikarenakan objek penelitiannya adalah
pemikiran seseorang yang dikaji menggunakan data serta informasi dari berbagai
macam sumber teori yang diperoleh dari kepustakaan.
Penelitian ini berusaha membuktikan bahwa dengan metode diatas akan
ditemukan suatu fakta bahwa kenabian nabi Muhammad harus dikaji sesuai
dengan sebuah peristiwa dengan objektif. Dalam hal ini penulis menyimpulkan
bahwa ada inkonsistensi dalam metode penelitian yang digunakan Wansbrough
dalam mengkaji kenabian Muhammad dan pendekatan skeptisisme yang
digunakan Wansbrough tidaklah sesuai, karena pendekatan tersebut merupakan
pendekatan Injil modern yang bebas nilai. Sehingga kesimpulan dari hasil
penelitiannya tidak bisa begitu saja diadopsi kedalam realitas teologi Islam,
terutama dalam penerapannya untuk memahami al-Qur’an. Seluruh tuduhan
Wansbrough terhadap kenabian Muhammad dapat dibantah dengan penafsiran
dan penjelasan Hamka tentang ayat-ayat kenabian yang diperkuat dengan
pendapat tokoh lain, baik itu dari kalangan Muslim maupun non-Muslim.
III
ABSTRACT
This research is based on the problem of the revelation of the Prophet
Muhammad which has received various views from western or oriental thinkers.
In responding to this, the attitude of the orientalists, both pro and contra, is still a
problem that has not yet been resolved. Those who receive Muhammad's
revelations assume that the revelations received by the prophet Muhammad are
really revelations that come from God. On the other hand, the orientalists have a
cynical opinion that the revelation given to Muhammad was Muhammad's own
creation, which led to a lot of polemics, especially from among the Muslims
themselves, which until now have not been resolved and have always been the
subject of debate. One of the orientalist who has a focus of study in this regard is
John Edward Wansbrough, with the basis of his skeptical approach coupled with
one other analytical consideration in understanding the history of the Qur'an,
namely the application of literary methods that focus on logical analysis and the
harmony of language used at the time of the revelation of the Qur'an, he gave a
scathing critique of the prophethood of Muhammad with his findings which
considered that the Prophet Muhammad was an imitation of the prophethood of
Moses a.s. and rejecting the title of sayyidul mursalin carried by the prophet
Muhammad by demeaning him. This is in contrast to the opinion of one Islamic
figure who is also a writer, namely Abdul Karim Amrullah or Hamka. Although
they have many similarities in analytical methods in studying the Qur'an, one of
them is literature, but these two figures come to different conclusions. Hamka said
that the rising light of prophecy or prophethood brought by the Prophet
Muhammad was true and it was applied to the basic principles of power.
This research is a library research (library study) with a qualitative
research type, using a documentary data collection technique with a mawdu''i
(thematic) approach that collects verses about prophethood, then analyzes them.
This research is also included in the historical factual because the object of the
research is someone's thoughts which are studied using data and information from
various theoretical sources obtained from the literature. This research is also
included in the historical factual category because the object of the research is
someone's thoughts which are studied using data and information from various
theoretical sources obtained from the literature.
This study tries to prove that with those method above, a fact will be found
that the prophethood of the prophet Muhammad must be studied in accordance
with an event objectively. In this case, the writer concludes that there is an
inconsistency in the research method used by Wansbrough in studying the
prophethood of Muhammad, and the skepticism approach used by Wansbrough is
not appropriate, because this approach is a value-free modern Bible approach. So,
the conclusions from the results of his research cannot be adopted into the reality
of Islamic theology, especially in its application to understand the Qur'an. All of
Wansbrough's accusations against the prophethood of Muhammad can be refuted
by Hamka's interpretation and explanation of the prophetic verses which is
strengthened by the opinions of other figures, both Muslim and non-Muslim
EPISTEMOLOGI BAYANI, IRFANI DAN, BURHANI MUHAMMAD ABED AL-JABIRI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM MEREKONSTRUKSI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
No full textIn recent times, the learning of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has been perceived to be closer to a radical religious perspective and intolerant behavior. This perspective is very likely to develop because PAI is indeed constructed ideologically. This ideological style is because the PAI curriculum comes from products of Islamic thought in the dogmatic era of codification. PAI dogmatism is caused by the partiality of epistemology in the construction of the PAI curriculum. In order to be able to get out of the ideological-dogmatic style, this partiality must be stopped. PAI can utilize the epistemological division carried out by Muhammad Abed Al-Jabiri. Al-Jabiri developed three epistemologies in comprehensive Arabic reasoning. The epistemology consists of bayani, irfani, and burhani reasoning. These three epistemologies can break the epistemological partiality of PAI and replace it to become more comprehensive and integrative. This article aims to find the formula for the three epistemological relations of al-Jabiri in order to reconstruct the PAI curriculum. The author uses a literature study of the work of Muhammad Abed Al-Jabiri to find a theoretical framework for the epistemology of bayani, irfani, and burhani. This framework was then formulated in the PAI curriculum and looked for the form of relations between the three epistemologies. The author developed an integrative circular relationship pattern using a thematic learning approach on PAI. Through thematic learning, the construction of knowledge built into PAI learning is the result of the integration of three epistemologies that are circularly interconnected. Through this approach also, students will be accustomed to constructing knowledge using three epistemologies in an integrative and circular manner
Otak Sosial dalam Pendidikan Islam: Kajian Pemikiran Daniel Goleman
Get PDFSocial Intelligence, Daniel Goleman in his work, social intelligence, reveals that social knowledge is separated into two classes, namely special social concerns and social positions. Current Islamic education is rarely linked to the brain framework or neuroscience. Meanwhile, from one side, according to Pasiak, the school itself follows neuroscience related to efforts to improve students' brains. Call it the accelerated learning hypothesis, quantum learning, the brain being put together advances thus. Despite these problems, Islamic teaching today is considered more as an exchange of information, underscoring the achievement of mental domination. The aim of this research is to examine in more depth the role and function of the brain in humans. More specifically, how the brain is used as the basis for character education carried out by educators so that the education carried out is successful as expected. This research attempts to examine this problem from an Islamic perspective. This exploration is a subjective examination in the context of writing a survey. This research uses literature research that discusses the importance of the topic and compares the results with findings in other research on similar topics and ultimately produces an idea. To obtain data the author used sources found in libraries such as books, journals and the internet. Based on this study, the social brain can be optimized by training students' attitudes and manners and developing social sensitivity with an Islamic material approach
Pemikiran Ki Bagus Hadikusumo tentang Moderasi Beragama Materi Komitmen Kebangsaan dan Implementasinya dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
No full textThe relationship between Islam and the Indonesian state is evidenced by the establishment of Islamic governments, even Islamic kingdoms, which are a manifestation of their sincere efforts to implement the basic teachings of the Koran and Sunnah. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method by using library research (library research). Researchers in data analysis using analytical methods where this method is carried out by identifying information objectively. The result of this discussion is the implementation of Ki Bagus Hadikusumo's thoughts on religious moderation of national commitment material in learning Islamic Religious Education includes the following five aspects: first, tawhid or aqidah. First, tawhid or aqidah. Learners must hold fast to their beliefs and always call for worshiping Allah and always being grateful to enjoy the sustenance that has been given by Allah Ta'ala. Second, learners must have the character of a leader in accordance with the character of the Prophets. Third, students must have a clear vision in life based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. Fourth, the contribution of thought. The importance of students in maximizing knowledge which is manifested in the contribution of ideas for the welfare of the country and its people. Fifth, good and clean politics, so that students must have good and clean political thinking that can carry out laws in accordance with Islam based on the Qur'an and Sunnah so as to create justice, brotherhood, equality, deliberation, plurality, peace, and accountability. So that the implementation of Ki Bagus Hadikusumo's thoughts on religious moderation of national commitment material in learning Islamic Religious Education five points or the core that has been mentioned above so that students always encourage to carry out religious teachings as a whole and peacefully, and have an active role in maintaining unity, justice, and peace within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
Studi Parental Keilmuan Pada Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan
Get PDFRethinking Serbia Foreign Policy: Case of Open Balkan Initiative and EU Accession
Get PDFThis paper discusses Serbia's position in a multilateral agreement called Open Balkan. The author uses a qualitative method to break down and analyze the narratives from the West and East that impacted Serbia's Foreign Policy trajectory. The leading of Open Balkan economic integration can impact the Berlin Process as a precursor established by European Union, especially for the WB6. The negative response from Kosovo and the unenthusiastic of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) can be a stumbling stone for its members. In addition, to achieve Serbia's national interest, Serbia must be balanced the West and East. In this period Four Pillars Policy is tested. The author discusses the Foreign Policy strategy of Serbia in this issue and balancing defiances with the West and East.
 
ANAEROBIK CO-DIGESI LIMBAH CAIR SAPI DENGAN KULIT KAKAO MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR SEMI-KONTINU UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS
No full textMUHAMMAD ILHAM. 1005106010075. Anaerobik Co-Digesi Limbah Cair Sapi Dengan Kulit Kakao Menggunakan Reaktor Semi-Kontinu Untuk Produksi Biogas. Dibawah bimbingan Darwin, S.TP., M.Sc sebagai Pembimbing Utama dan Hendri Syah, S.TP., M.Si sebagai Pembimbing Anggota.RINGKASANLimbah kotoran ternak adalah salah satu jenis limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan peternakan, limbah ini mempunyai andil dalam pencemaran lingkungan karena limbah kotoran ternak sering menimbulkan masalah lingkungan yang mengganggu kenyamanan hidup masyarakat di sekitar peternakan. Untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut, maka dengan menggunakan teknologi pengolahan limbah secara anaerobik semi kontinu dapat menghasilkan biogas dan bisa dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sendiri. Untuk meningkatkan produksi biogas dari limbah kotoran ternak dapat dilakukan penambahan biomasa kulit kakao yang sudah dikeringkan dan dihaluskan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat potensi kulit kakao dalam produksi biogas melalui aplikasi anaerobik digesi dengan limbah cair sapi serta mengevaluasi proses digesi melalui reaktor semi kontinu. Tahapan awal dari penelitian ini adalah merakit alat reaktor semi kontinu dengan volume kerja 3000 mL, mengambil limbah cair sapi dan mempersiapkan bahan biomasa (kulit kakao). Kemudian limbah cair sapid an kulit kakao dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor semi kontinu untuk dilakukan pengolahan anaerobik yang dapat emnghasilkan biogas. Produksi biogas di catat setiap harinya dengan melihat gas yang masuk kedalam gelas ukur dan dilakukan feeding setiap harinya dengan tujuan agar makanan untuk mikroorganisme selalu tersedia. Parameter yang di ukur adalah total solid, volatile solid, chemical oxygen demand, total kjedahl nitrogen, total dissolved solid dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi biogas dari limbah cair sapi tanpa campuran dan limbah cair sapi dengan campuran kulit kakao terus mengalami peningkatan setiap harinya selama 25 hari penelitian yang menggunakan reaktor anaerobik semi-kontinu. Hal ini disebabkan oleh suhu yang selalu stabil pada 35 0C (suhu mesophilik) yang dikontrol menggunakan termostat, derajat keasaman (pH) pada kondisi optimal yaitu antara 6,5 sampai dengan 7,5 (dimana kondisi inilah yang sangat bagus dan baik untuk produksi biogas) dan proses feeding yang setiap hari dilakukan. Produksi biogas dari limbah cair sapi tanpa campuran setiap harinya dapat dirata-ratakan sebesar 30,2 mL selama 25 hari penelitian karena kandungan bahan organik dari limbah cair sapi tanpa campuran lebih sedikit. Sedangkan produksi biogas dari limbah cair sapi dengan campuran kulit kakao setiap harinya dapat dirata-ratakan sebesar 337,8 mL karena kandungan bahan organiknya lebih banyak
Sequential pattern mining of rawi hadis (Case study: Shahih hadis of Imam Bukhari from software Ensiklopedi Hadis Kitab 9 Imam)
No full textANALISIS PERHITUNGAN PPH PASAL 21 KARYAWAN TETAP PADA PT KAWAN LAMA CABANG PALEMBANG
Get PDFThe final report entitled "Analytical Calculation Section 21 PPh Permanent Employees of PT Kawan Lama Palembang Branch". To obtain data to support this final report, the author has conducted interviews and observations company located in Jalan R. Sukamto No.. Palembang - , as well as reading books and literature related to the final report. Of enterprise data, the authors found that PT Kawan Lama problems Palembang Branch made a mistake in the calculation of Article 21 due to set lower rates for employees who have a tax number and multiplication errors in individual income tax rates of the tax due the employees who have the earning more than Rp 50,000,000 in one year. Calculation error of Article 21 by the Company will pay less impact of Article 21, therefore, need to be evaluated Calculation of Article 21 that the calculation of corporate taxes in accordance with the regulations - regulations and the results of the analysis.
Keywords: Analytical, Section , Employees Remai
LANGUAGE, HUMOR AND FOCUS AS MAIN KEYS IN WAYANG PRESERVATION
Get PDFWayang is one of the Indonesian ancestor’s heritage and the nation\u27s indigenous pride. However, as time goes on, Wayang is slowly being abandoned. This is due to various factors that make people uninterested. Some of those factors are the difficulty to understand the language that is being used, the low amount of humor, and the long duration of the play so the concentration or focus of people cannot keep up with it. So, the author aims to find the relation between language, humor, and concentration or focus on the Wayang show. Thus, finding a possible solution in hope to attract people or even the younger generation\u27s interest to Wayang. The author used literature review as a method to gather data and a descriptive-qualitative research to analyze the data. Various data gathered and connected with each other, thus has proven that Wayang can be modified to suit the developing era better. 
