167 research outputs found
Assessing the applicability of Transformer-based architectures as rainfall-runoff models
No full textModeling the relationship between rainfall and runoff is a longstanding challenge in hydrology and is crucial for informed water management decisions. Recently, Deep Learning models, particularly Long short-term memory (LSTM), have shown promising results in simulating this relationship. The Transformer, a newly proposed deep learning architecture, has also demonstrated the ability to outperform LSTM in machine translation, text classification, etc. However, there has been limited research on applying Transformers for rainfall-runoff modeling. The research examined the performance of using Transformer architecture, including its time series forecasting variants, to develop rainfall-runoff models using the CAMELS (US) data set. These models were compared to the LSTM regional rainfall-runoff models, with a particular focus on snow-driven basins as the attention mechanism in Transformer is believed to allow it to attend to the earlier precipitation events in the meteorological forcing. Additionally, the Transformer's potential as a global rainfall-runoff model was also tested using the global Caravan data to determine if it could learn and generalize a wide range of rainfall-runoff behaviors, allowing it to potentially be applied in ungauged basins.The results suggest that while Transformer and its variants may not be able to fully replace LSTM for rainfall-runoff modeling, the variant called Reformer has shown promise for daily discharge forecasting in snow-driven basins, particularly in terms of peak flow and low flow prediction. However, using the global Caravan data for building a global rainfall-runoff model was not successful due to uncertainty in the forcing data, particularly precipitation. The code for Transformer-based rainfall-runoff modeling is available publicly at https://github.com/Numpy-Panda/neuralhydrology_Transformer.https://github.com/Numpy-Panda/neuralhydrology_Transformer Repository link The GitHub repository of the Transformer-based rainfall-runoff modeling.Civil Engineerin
UPAYA KERJASAMA PEMERINTAH NEPAL DENGAN WWF DALAM KONSERVASI PANDA MERAH MELALUI RED PANDA CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR NEPAL 2019-2023
No full textThe existence of cases related to the scarcity of the red panda population that were only around 10,000 worldwide in 2016 made Nepal, as an area that includes the red panda's native habitat, to launch the Red Panda Conservation Action Plan for Nepal 2019-2023 program in which the Nepalese government is coorporated with an
international non-governmental organization, WWF. The author is interested in conducting research related to collaboration between the Nepalese government and WWF in this program. The method used by the author is descriptive qualitative where the data collection is done through library research. In this study, the authors use the international coorporation theory by Joseph M. Grieco, which is the concept based on three indicators. First, acts of cooperation by the state and INGO's.
Second, cooperation based on commitment and problem identifications, and third, the results achieved from this collaboration. The results of this research can be seen from the relevance based on the indicators, which is the collaboration between the government of Nepal and WWF, the methods to solve the problem of decreasing red
panda populations, and the results of this program which is increasing public awareness, reducing red panda poaching, conservation areas improvement, and increase in the number of red pandas
Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Remaining Giant Panda Populations
No full textThe giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is among the more familiar symbols of species conservation. The protection of giant panda populations has been aided recently by the establishment of more and better-managed reserves in existing panda habitat located in six mountain ranges in western China. These remaining populations are becoming increasingly isolated from one another, however, leading to the concern that historic patterns of gene flow will be disrupted and that reduced population sizes will lead to diminished genetic variability. We analyzed four categories of molecular genetic markers (mtDNA restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms [RFLP], mtDNA control region sequences, nuclear multilocus DNA fingerprints, and microsatellite size variation) in giant pandas from three mountain populations (Qionglai, Minshan, and Qinling) to assess current levels of genetic diversity and to detect evidence of historic population subdivisions. The three populations had moderate levels of genetic diversity compared with similarly studied carnivores for all four gene measures, with a slight but consistent reduction in variability apparent in the smaller Qinling population. That population also showed significant differentiation consistent with its isolation since historic times. From a strictly genetic perspective, the giant panda species and the three populations look promising insofar as they have retained a large amount of genetic diversity in each population, although evidence of recent population reduction—likely from habitat loss—is apparent. Ecological management to increase habitat, population expansion, and gene flow would seem an effective strategy to stabilize the decline of this endangered species
Fractured Miniscrew Retrieval through Flapless Vibration Technique: A Mini Review and Case Report
No full textABSTRACT
Nowadays, miniscrew anchorage system is encouraged to obtain better results in orthodontic treatment. This system also brings emergency complications like fractures during insertion of these miniscrews. According to protocol flap-raising technique, a periodontist should be consulted during retrieval of the fractured miniscrew. Here, we propose a new technique that can retrieve the fractured implant with uneventful healing by the vibration of micromotor blunt burs or ultrasonic scaler tips with reinsertion in 7 days.
How to cite this article
Rath SK, Swain CS, Panda SM. Fractured Miniscrew Retrieval through Flapless Vibration Technique: A Mini Review and Case Report. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):31-33.
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Runtime execution tracing and alignment with PANDA
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-44).When a reverse engineer executes a binary multiple times and observes different behaviors, it is often not obvious what caused the difference, since the two executions may diverge much earlier for unrelated reasons and the relevant input may be one among tens of millions. This thesis implements a plugin for the Platform for Architecture-Neutral Dynamic Analysis (PANDA) which tracks control flow at runtime at the basic block level, recording a hash of the current location in program structure at every conditional jump. By considering only control flow history up to and including the current stack frame, multiple divergences and reconvergences can be detected. Comparing these hashes across executions allows the engineer to narrow down branches of interest and request more detailed information from the plugin on a second pass, during which the precise context of nested functions and control flow within functions is recorded at the selected moment of divergence. Existing PANDA tools may then be used to trace the variables relevant to the conditional branch back to some initial input.by Leah Goggin.M. Eng.M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Scienc
Quantifying the evidence for co-benefits between species conservation and climate change mitigation in giant panda habitats
No full textConservationists strive for practical, cost-effective management solutions to forest-based species conservation and climate change mitigation. However, this is compromised by insufficient information about the effectiveness of protected areas in increasing carbon storage, and the co-benefits of species and carbon conservation remain poorly understood. Here, we present the first rigorous quantitative assessment of the roles of giant panda nature reserves (NRs) in carbon sequestration, and explore the co-benefits of habitat conservation and climate change mitigation. Results show that more than 90% of the studied panda NRs are effective in increasing carbon storage, with the mean biomass carbon density of the whole NRs exhibiting a 4.2% higher growth rate compared with lands not declared as NRs over the period 1988-2012, while this effectiveness in carbon storage masks important patterns of spatial heterogeneity across the giant panda habitats. Moreover, the significant associations have been identified between biomass carbon density and panda's habitat suitability in similar to 85% NRs and at the NR level. These findings suggest that the planning for carbon and species conservation co-benefits would enhance the greatest return on limited conservation investments, which is a critical need for the giant panda after its conservation status has been downgraded from "endangered" to "vulnerable".Forestry Department of Sichuan Province; The Nature Conservancy (TNC)SCI(E)ARTICLE
Nanoscale investigation of enhanced electron field emission for silver ion implanted/post-annealed ultrananocrystalline diamond films
No full textSilver (Ag) ions are implanted in ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films to enhance the electron field emission (EFE) properties, resulting in low turn-on field of 8.5 V/mu m with high EFE current density of 6.2 mA/cm(2) (at an applied field of 20.5 V/mu m). Detailed nanoscale investigation by atomic force microscopy based peak force-controlled tunneling atomic force microscopy (PF-TUNA) and ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) based current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) reveal that the UNCD grain boundaries are the preferred electron emission sites. The two scanning probe microscopic results supplement each other well. However, the PF-TUNA measurement is found to be better for explaining the local electron emission behavior than the STM-based CITS technique. The formation of Ag nanoparticles induced abundant sp(2) nanographitic phases along the grain boundaries facilitate the easy transport of electrons and is believed to be a prime factor in enhancing the conductivity/EFE properties of UNCD films. The nanoscale understanding on the origin of electron emission sites in Ag-ion implanted/annealed UNCD films using the scanning probe microscopic techniques will certainly help in developing high-brightness electron sources for flat-panel displays applications© The Author(s) 201711sciescopu
The first skull of the earliest giant panda
No full textInternational audienceFossils of the giant panda Ailuropoda (Order Carnivora, Family Ursidae) are largely isolated teeth, mandibles, and a few rare skulls, known from the late Pliocene to late Pleistocene in China and Southeast Asia. Much of this material represents a Pleistocene chronospecies, Ailuropoda baconi, an animal larger than the living giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. The earliest certain record of Ailuropoda is the late Pliocene chronospecies, Ailuropoda microta, smaller than either A. baconi or A. melanoleuca, and previously known only from teeth and a few mandibles from karst caves in south China. Here, we report the discovery of the first skull of A. microta, establishing its cranial anatomy and demonstrating that the specialized cranial and dental adaptations of Ailuropoda for durophagous feeding behavior centered on bamboo were already evident in this late Pliocene species. The skull from Jinyin cave (Guangxi) and dental remains from other karst localities in southeastern China show that Ailuropoda microta occupied south China from {approx}2 to 2.4 Myr ago after a marked global climatic deterioration. Dental and basicranial anatomy indicate a less specialized morphology early in the history of the lineage and support derivation of the giant panda from the Miocene Asian ursid Ailurarctos
THERM_VENATION: Active Thermal Façade Venation: Fabricating a concrete twin-wall façade panel optimised for integrated heat exchange system
No full textPassive measures to tackle increasing energy demands of modern buildings are aimed to generate energy from the roof or the ground beneath and by improving insulation to isolate indoors and outdoors. The author targets the opaque facade sections of a building to develop an active panel to exchange solar thermal energy with his project THERM_VENATION- Active Thermal Façade Venation. It is a project dealing with designing and fabrication of a twin-wall concrete façade panel with heat exchange tubular network embedded within it inspired by the leaf venation, which by actively exchanging fluid between the two panels conditions the indoor temperature, in the extreme composite climate of Delhi, India. This project follows a design through research methodology with computation tools, boundary conditions, material properties and the method of fabrication guiding the design and its result.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technolog
Monomeric and dimeric oxidomolybdenum(V and VI) complexes, cytotoxicity, and DNA interaction studies: molybdenum assisted C═N bond cleavage of salophen ligands
No full textFour novel dimeric bis-μ-imido bridged metal–metal bonded oxidomolybdenum(V) complexes [MoV2O2L′21–4] (1–4) (where L′1–4 are rearranged ligands formed in situ from H2L1–4) and a new mononuclear dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex [MoVIO2L5] (5) synthesized from salen type N2O2 ligands are reported. This rare series of imido- bridged complexes (1–4) have been furnished from rearranged H3L′1–4 ligands, containing an aromatic diimine (o-phenylenediamine) “linker”, where Mo assisted hydrolysis followed by −C═N bond cleavage of one of the arms of the ligand H2L1–4 took place. A monomeric molybdenum(V) intermediate species [MoVO(HL′1–4)(OEt)] (Id1–4) was generated in situ. The concomitant deprotonation and dimerization of two molybdenum(V) intermediate species (Id1–4) ultimately resulted in the formation of a bis-μ-imido bridge between the two molybdenum centers of [MoV2O2L′21–4] (1–4). The mechanism of formation of 1–4 has been discussed, and one of the rare intermediate monomeric molybdenum(V) species Id4 has been isolated in the solid state and characterized. The monomeric dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex [MoVIO2L5] (5) was prepared from the ligand H2L5 where the aromatic “linker” was replaced by an aliphatic diimine (1,2-diaminopropane). All the ligands and complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, NMR, ESI- MS, and cyclic voltammetry, and the structural features of 1, 2, 4, and 5 have been solved by X-ray crystallography. The DNA binding and cleavage activity of 1–5 have been explored. The complexes interact with CT-DNA by the groove binding mode, and the binding constants range between 103 and 104 M–1. Fairly good photoinduced cleavage of pUC19 supercoiled plasmid DNA was exhibited by all the complexes, with 4 showing the most promising photoinduced DNA cleavage activity of ∼93%. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxic activity of all the complexes was evaluated by MTT assay, which reveals that the complexes induce cell death in MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and HCT-15 (colon cancer) cell lines
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