8 research outputs found
J.K.ROULINGNING “GARRI POTER” ASARIDAGI ANTROPONIMLARNING LINGVISTIK VA LINGOKULTUROLOGIK TAHLILI
No full textThis article explores the nature, philosophical, linguistic, semantic, syntactic, etymological, and linguoculturological principles of people’s names, and their development from ancient times to the present. It provides a linguistic, semantic, syntactic, etymological, and linguoculturological analysis of the names of characters in the book “Harry Potter” by English author J.K. RowlingВ данной статье изучается природа человеческих имен, их философские, лингвистические, семантические, синтаксические, этимологические, лингвокультурологические принципы, а также развитие с античных времен до наших дней. Проведен лингвистический, семантический, синтаксический, этимологический и лингвокультурологический анализ имен персонажей в произведении “Гарри Поттер” английской писательницы Дж.К. РоулингUshbu maqolada inson ismlarining tabiati, falasafiy, lingvistik, semantik, sinataktik, etimolik, lingvokulturologik tamoyillari, antik davrdan shu davrgacha rivojlanishi o‘rganilgan. Ingiz yozuvchisi J.K.Roulingning “Garri Poter” asaridagi qahramonlarning ismlari lingvistik, semantik, sinataktik, etimolik va lingvokulturologik tahlil qilingan
The rise of the Five Hor States of Northern Kham. Religion and politics in the Sino-Tibetan borderlands
No full textThe article analyses the merging of religion and politics in Tibet by taking the example of the Five Hor States of Northern Kham, a traditional polity of Eastern Tibet. The article presents the phenomenon of Hor in historical perspective in the context of the Mongol-Tibetan and Manchu-Tibetan relationships in Kham. Using the example of the Five Hor States, the author focuses on the bifurcated system of secular and religious authority, which is considered to be the main factor of the Kham political systems’ persistence. The paper shows how this system facilitated the rise of the Hor States to a very strong polity and ensured them a high level of autonomy for more than two-and-a-half centuries up to the collapse of the Qing Empire in 1911.L’article analyse la fusion de la religion et de la politique au Tibet en prenant l’exemple des Cinq États Hor du nord du Kham, une région du Tibet oriental. L’article présente le phénomène de Hor dans une perspective historique dans le contexte des relations mongoles-tibétaines et mandchou-tibétaines au Kham. À partir de l’exemple des Cinq États, l’auteur se concentre sur le double système d’autorité laïque et religieuse, considéré comme l’élément principal de la persistance des systèmes politiques du Kham. Cet article montre comment ce système a facilité l’émergence des États Hor en une constellation politique très forte et leur a assuré un haut niveau d’autonomie pendant plus de deux siècles et demi, jusqu’à l’effondrement de l’empire Qing en 1911
Influence of public and private sector extension services in the adoption of improved cassava varieties by famers in Rivers state, Nigeria
No full textA research article on "influence of public and private sector extension services in the adoption of improved cassava varieties". It contains tables, diagrams and graph. The article was written before the author joined the services of the Federal University of Technology, OwerriThe public sector extension service in Nigeria was anchored by the Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs). In Rivers State, the ADP was established in 1987 as a semiautonomous, self accounting unit with the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources and funding was based on the following ration, RSG – 14%, FG-20% and world bank-66%.Similarly, the private sector extension services in Rivers State was provided by the multinational oil and gas companies notably, SPDC, TEPNG and NAOC with SPDC taken the lead, hence its choice in the study. SPDC started agricultural projects in 1965 in Ogoni but the activities were blown to limelight in early 90s with 9 extension officers resident in the company’s host communities called zones. The main objectives of the public and private sector extension services was to ensure food security through communication of technologies to farmers for enhanced adoption of improved varieties and farming systems mostly in the areas of crop, fisheries and animal productions. This study x-rayed the adoption of improved cassava varieties that was considered in great demand over local varieties (due to its numerous advantages) as a
source of major staple food (garri, amala, fufu) in Nigeria. Participatory and interactive bottom-up approach was employed to obtain data from the farmers and extension officers. Simple descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used. Technologies considered influential on improved cassava varieties adoption were planting time, planting length/population, planting distance (spacing), planting regime, weed control, appropriate fertilizer availability / application methods, harvesting time and other agronomic procedures. Results showed moderate adoption of overall recommended technologies of improved cassava production from farmers served by the public and private sector extension services but relatively higher adoption rate by the private sector than the public sector. A phenomenon caused by additional incentives by the operators of the private sector extension system. However, there was a significant difference in the adoption of recommended planting date between farmers reached by public and private extension officers. Conversely, there were no significant differences between farmers served by the extension systems with respect to the adoption of spacing, fertilizer type and fertilizer quantity. Thus, it revealed that when the component technologies were pooled, their overall adoption was not significantly different between farmers served by the public and private sector extension services. It was also found that private sector extension system operates like a social responsibility without legislative framework; hence their continued operation in Nigeria was doubtful. This situation could impose a serious threat to food security and
negatively affect government transformation plan for agriculture. It was recommended among others that the skills of extension officers of both public and private sectors be improved through periodic trainings. Regular logistics was important for effective extension system and that holistic approach using Research-Extension-Farmers-Inputs-Linkage-System (REFILS) should be employed and MTRM organized so that the farmers through the extension officers would constantly be informed of new varieties from the Research Institutes. Legislative framework would be a must for multinational oil and gas companies in Nigeria to continued support for agricultural developmen
Longevity biotechnology: bridging AI, biomarkers, geroscience and clinical applications for healthy longevity
No full textThe recent unprecedented progress in ageing research and drug discovery brings together fundamental research and clinical applications to advance the goal of promoting healthy longevity in the human population. We, from the gathering at the Aging Research and Drug Discovery Meeting in 2023, summarised the latest developments in healthspan biotechnology, with a particular emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI), biomarkers and clocks, geroscience, and clinical trials and interventions for healthy longevity. Moreover, we provide an overview of academic research and the biotech industry focused on targeting ageing as the root of age-related diseases to combat multimorbidity and extend healthspan. We propose that the integration of generative AI, cutting-edge biological technology, and longevity medicine is essential for extending the productive and healthy human lifespan. © 2024 Lyu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Blood culture practices and microbiological capacity for sepsis diagnostics in Europe (2021–2022): a cross-sectional analysis of the European Sepsis Care Survey
No full textBackground: Blood cultures (BCs) are key diagnostic elements for sepsis patients. Accurate preanalytical procedures are substantial, and results should be available as soon as possible to guide adequate antimicrobial treatment. This study aimed to evaluate BC collection practices and diagnostic capacity across European hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional survey investigated BC diagnostics in acute care hospitals across 37 European countries in the years 2021 and 2022. Analyses included BC guidelines, collection sites, number of BC sets in emergency departments (EDs), wards, and intensive care units (ICUs). We also examined transfer after collection, the use of on-site vs. external laboratories, opening hours, rapid testing capacity, and turn-around times of BCs processed in microbiology laboratories with different infrastructures. Findings: Responses were collected from 907 hospitals in Europe. BC guidelines were available in 84·4% (741/878) of the hospitals. BCs were preferably collected by multiple-site sampling in EDs (62·7%, 461/735), in wards (64·0%, 513/802) and ICUs (68·5%, 518/756). One BC set was preferred in EDs in 38·4% (270/704), in wards in 40·5% (314/775), and ICUs in 34·9% (261/748). Two BC sets were preferred in EDs in 31·0% (218/704), in wards in 28·1% (218/775), and ICUs in 39·2% (293/748). 48·0% (402/838) of hospitals used on-site and 52·0% (436/838) external microbiology laboratories. Around-the-clock microbiological services were available in 10⋅0% (91/907), and rapid pathogen identification in 43·7% (396/907) of hospitals. Infrastructure with around-the-clock microbiological service and rapid testing was available in 7·4% (62/840) of hospitals, and probability of a final microbiological result within two days was highest in these hospitals compared to hospitals with limited microbiology service (for BC collected on wards: 19·6% vs. 52·7%, Odds Ratio 4·59 [95% CI 2·50–7·79], p < 0·0001). Interpretation: Despite the availability of BC guidelines in many hospitals, current recommendations for BC collection were often neglected. Rapid testing capacity was limited in most microbiological laboratories, and around-the-clock service for BCs was very rare. As delay in results may have a detrimental impact on patient outcomes, strategies to improve these processes are urgently needed. Funding: The European Sepsis Alliance and a grant by Becton and Dickinson
Temporal changes in the epidemiology, management, and outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome in European intensive care units: a comparison of two large cohorts
No full textBACKGROUND: Mortality rates for patients with ARDS remain high. We assessed temporal changes in the epidemiology and management of ARDS patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in European ICUs. We also investigated the association between ventilatory settings and outcome in these patients.METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of two cohorts of adult ICU patients admitted between May 1-15, 2002 (SOAP study, n=3147), and May 8-18, 2012 (ICON audit, n=4601 admitted to ICUs in the same 24 countries as the SOAP study). ARDS was defined retrospectively using the Berlin definitions. Values of tidal volume, PEEP, plateau pressure, and FiO2 corresponding to the most abnormal value of arterial PO2 were recorded prospectively every 24h. In both studies, patients were followed for outcome until death, hospital discharge or for 60days.RESULTS: The frequency of ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay was similar in SOAP and ICON (327[10.4%] vs. 494[10.7%], p=0.793). The diagnosis of ARDS was established at a median of 3 (IQ: 1-7) days after admission in SOAP and 2 (1-6) days in ICON. Within 24h of diagnosis, ARDS was mild in 244 (29.7%), moderate in 388 (47.3%), and severe in 189 (23.0%) patients. In patients with ARDS, tidal volumes were lower in the later (ICON) than in the earlier (SOAP) cohort. Plateau and driving pressures were also lower in ICON than in SOAP. ICU (134[41.1%] vs 179[36.9%]) and hospital (151[46.2%] vs 212[44.4%]) mortality rates in patients with ARDS were similar in SOAP and ICON. High plateau pressure (>29 cmH2O) and driving pressure (>14 cmH2O) on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume (>8ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) were independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death.CONCLUSION: The frequency of and outcome from ARDS remained relatively stable between 2002 and 2012. Plateau pressure >29 cmH2O and driving pressure >14 cmH2O on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume >8ml/kg PBW were independently associated with a higher risk of death. These data highlight the continued burden of ARDS and provide hypothesis-generating data for the design of future studies
Protecting stable biological nomenclatural systems enables universal communication: A collective international appeal
No full textSupplementary material S1 lists the 1543 additional coauthors: https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/bioscience/74/7/10.1093_biosci_biae043/1/biae043_supplemental_file.zip. Co-authors who contributed revising translations are listed first. Then, the rest of the coauthors are listed according alphabetic order of countries/territories.Supplementary material S2 is the automatic revised translations to Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, German, Korean, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese and Turkish: https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/bioscience/74/7/10.1093_biosci_biae043/1/biae043_supplemental_files.zip.International audienceThe fundamental value of universal nomenclatural systems in biology is that they enable unambiguous scientific communication. However, the stability of these systems is threatened by recent discussions asking for a fairer nomenclature, raising the possibility of bulk revision processes for “inappropriate” names. It is evident that such proposals come from very deep feelings, but we show how they can irreparably damage the foundation of biological communication and, in turn, the sciences that depend on it. There are four essential consequences of objective codes of nomenclature: universality, stability, neutrality, and transculturality. These codes provide fair and impartial guides to the principles governing biological nomenclature and allow unambiguous universal communication in biology. Accordingly, no subjective proposals should be allowed to undermine them
