26 research outputs found
IS ALTERNATING SCHOOL AND WORK EDUCATIVE? Reconstruction, comparison, pedagogical criticism.
No full textopenIl seguente lavoro si concentra sul progetto di alternanza scuola-lavoro e sulla reale possibilità di poterla considerare un’attività educativa, dove per educativa si intende un processo trasformativo intrinseco all’educando.
Nel primo capitolo la tesi si concentra sulla ricostruzione storica del progetto di alternanza, sulle modalità di attuazione del progetto ponendo l’attenzione sugli attori coinvolti (sia appartenenti alla sfera scolastica sia appartenenti alla sfera aziendale) e si è soprattutto posto l’accento sulla relativa documentazione utile per l’attuazione del percorso.
Nel secondo capitolo, dopo aver analizzato i risvolti pratici dell’alternanza in tutta Italia, è stato effettuato un lavoro di comparazione circa l’alternanza scuola lavoro in Italia e nei vari Stati Europei, analizzando in particolare Inghilterra, Francia, Germania e Spagna. Inoltre, sono stati analizzate varie ricerche che hanno sottolineato come tra il Nord e il Sud Italia non ci siano molte differenze sulle modalità in cui viene svolta l’alternanza scuola-lavoro, evidenziando anche la poca efficacia del percorso.
Nel terzo ed ultimo capitolo, integrata alla letteratura disponibile, viene espressa la critica rivolta all’alternanza mettendo in luce i grandi gap presenti nelle modalità di attuazione del progetto e gli eventuali benefici cui potrebbe portare se svolta in maniera adeguata.The work focuses on the school-work alternation project and the possibility of considering it as an educative activity. Indeed, education in this context means a transformation process intrinsic to the scholar.
The thesis' first chapter focuses on the historical reconstruction of the school-work alternation project, how the project was implemented, the actors involved (both from the scholastic and corporate point of view), and, most importantly, the documentation needed for the project's implementation.
After examining the practical implications of school-work alternation in Italy, in the second chapter, the author compares it to the alternation in other European countries, focusing on England, France, Germany, and Spain. Furthermore, various studies have shown that there are few differences in how the school-work alternation is carried out between the North and South of Italy, highlighting the project's limited effectiveness.
In the third and final chapter, integrated with the available literature, criticism of alternation is expressed, highlighting the major gaps present in the project implementation and the potential benefits it could bring if carried out properly
A aderência à medicação em pacientes portadores de transtorno mental em uma unidade básica de saúde.
Get PDFTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Pública
Characterization of comorbid conditions burdening hidradenitis suppurativa: A multicentric observational study
No full textBACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, disabling, inflammatory skin disorder that primarily affects the hair follicle localized at the apocrine-gland-bearing areas of the body, including axillary, inguinal, buttocks, and anogenital areas, and it may be associated with a wide array of comorbid conditions. This study aimed to described comorbid conditions affecting HS patients and to detect any correlation with disease severity. METHODS: Analyzing clinic database, we included all charts of patients visited at the HS outpatient clinic of three University Dermatologic Departments in order to describe demographic data, anthropometric measures, disease features, personal habits, clinical history, and presence of comorbidities. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-four patients, mostly females (62%), were enrolled in this study. Based on Hurley staging classification 41% of patients were classified as Hurley Stage I, 43.0% as Hurley II, and 16% Hurley III, with a mean mSartorius Score value of 24.7 (SD: ±19.39) and a mean AISI score value of 12.5 (SD: ±11.93). The most frequently observed comorbidities were: Obesity (26.1%), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (13.8% of the overall study population and 22.3% of females), hypertension (11.9%), dyslipidemia (9.9%), type II diabetes (9.5%), thyroid disorders (9.1%), nervous system disorders (7.1%), acne (6.7%), metabolic syndrome (4.4%), and Crohn's disease (3.6%). Obesity represented a key-comorbid condition increasing the likelihood of having more severe HS and PCOS (odds ratio 3.35 and 3.74, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HS is associated with a variety of comorbid conditions that should be considered to perform targeted routine screening and to improve HS management
Addiction Severity Index Scores and Urine Drug Screens at Baseline as Predictors of Graduation From Drug Court
No full textGraduation rates from drug courts are impressive and are often attributed to the delivered treatments. However, it is unclear whether graduation rates are bolstered by low severity of drug use problems upon entry into drug court. To address this question, this study examined the relationship between baseline substance use severity and graduation rates among 251 drug court clients. Results revealed that participants with subthreshold drug composite scores on the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) were significantly more likely to graduate than those scoring in the mild-to-moderate or severe range. Furthermore, results revealed that participants who provided a drug-negative baseline urine were significantly more likely to graduate than those who provided a drug-positive baseline urine. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that ASI drug composite score, urine screen, race, and years educated were statistically significant predictors of drug court graduation. © The Author(s) 2013
Taking a broader perspective on medication adherence : the importance of system factors
Get PDFAs behavior is influenced by the system in which the patient lives, it is crucial to investigate the role of system factors in explaining adherence. To-date system level factors have received limited attention as potential predictors of medication adherence. As a consequence, the magnitude of the effect of different system factors on adherence is not known, a clear gap in the growing adherence literature. A framework which can be used in explaining the influence of system factors on behavior is an ecological model. In an ecological model 3 levels of influence on patient behavior are identified: 1) the micro level (relationships with healthcare professionals, social support) 2) the meso level (healthcare organization) and 3) the macro level (healthcare system and policy).
The overall purpose of this dissertation was to explore the role of system factors in chronic illness management, focusing on medication adherence. Five articles present the results of this work.
First, a systematic review was conducted of quantitative studies addressing factors at the different levels of the healthcare system that are associated with medication adherence in individuals with HIV and transplant (Tx) recipients. A total of 64 studies were identified. The 2 factors that were most consistently related to adherence were trust in the healthcare provider and access to medications. Across the factors examined study findings about their relationships to adherence varied. One explanation for this variability may be the wide variability in the methodological approaches utilized in studies.
The 2nd manuscript provides an overview of commonly used statistical measures for expressing the strength of the relationships between variables such as system factors and adherence. Formulas utilized to directly calculate common effect sizes from summary data reported in studies and examples of methods utilized to indirectly estimate the effect size from summary statistics are presented.
Third, a study was conducted to describe the strategies cardiovascular health professionals utilize to assess patients' medication adherence and to enhance adherence. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed to all attendants of a conference in Switzerland (March 2010). A total of 137 professionals were included. Questioning patients about NA during follow-up visits was the method used most frequently to assess adherence. Providing reading materials was the strategy used most frequently to enhance patient medication adherence.
The 4th study examined adherence assessment strategies and the interventions healthcare professionals report using to improve adherence in Tx patients. Furthermore this study examined the professionals' perceptions about the effectiveness the interventions they utilize. Data were collected at a Tx nurses symposium in Germany (June 2010). Eighty-six participants are included in this study. The most frequently used assessment strategy was questioning patients about NA during follow-up. Training patients to self-administer medications and providing printed adherence information were the most frequent interventions (79%). The intervention perceived as most effective by the professionals was medication self-administration training.
The final study describes the development, the content validity testing and the inter-rater reliability testing of the Chronic Illness Management Implementation - Building Research Initiative Group: Chronic Illness Management and Adherence in Transplantation (CIMI-BRIGHT) instrument. The development of the CIMI-BRIGHT instrument was based on the conceptual framework of WHO's Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions framework, as well as the clinical expertise of the research team. Initial psychometric testing (content validity and inter-rating reliability) were conducted. Content validity was evaluated by 7 experts in chronic illness management. They rated the relevance of each item in terms of the construct 'chronic illness management' on a 4-point Likert scale (1=not relevant, 4=highly relevant). Content validity indexes were calculated for each item and the survey as a whole. Of the 51 items, 42 were had good content validity. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, a pilot study was conducted in 2 Tx programs. The percentage agreement in the 2 centers for the total instrument scores was 84.6% and 74.8%.
Synthesizing the findings of the studies yields the following 3 key results which contribute to the current state of knowledge. First, there remains a significant knowledge deficit in view of the influence of healthcare system factors on medication adherence calling for further research investment. Second, nurses' practice patterns in view of adherence-related interventions call for a change in curricula. Finally, The CIMI-BRIGHT instrument is the first and only tool developed to systematically assess the level of chronic illness management in Tx centers and thus provides a building block for further observational and intervention research in transplantation
Using conversation topics for predicting therapy outcomes in schizophrenia.
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© the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd.
This is an open access article published under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 3.0 license.Previous research shows that aspects of doctor-patient communication in therapy can predict patient symptoms, satisfaction and future adherence to treatment (a significant problem with conditions such as schizophrenia). However, automatic prediction has so far shown success only when based on low-level lexical features, and it is unclear how well these can generalize to new data, or whether their effectiveness is due to their capturing aspects of style, structure or content. Here, we examine the use of topic as a higher-level measure of content, more likely to generalize and to have more explanatory power. Investigations show that while topics predict some important factors such as patient satisfaction and ratings of therapy quality, they lack the full predictive power of lower-level features. For some factors, unsupervised methods produce models comparable to manual annotation
Attachment, infidelity, and loneliness in college students involved in a romantic relationship: the role of relationship satisfaction, morbidity and prayer for partner
No full textThis study examined the mediating effects of relationship satisfaction, prayer
for a partner, and morbidity in the relationship between attachment and loneliness, infidelity
and loneliness, and psychological morbidity and loneliness, in college students
involved in a romantic relationship. Participants were students in an introductory course on
family development. This study examined only students (n = 345) who were involved in a
romantic relationship. The average age of participants was 19.46 (SD = 1.92) and 25 %
were males. Short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), (Hays and DiMatteo in J Pers
Assess 51:69–81, doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5101_6, 1987); Relationship Satisfaction
Scale (Funk and Rogge in J Fam Psychol 21:572–583, doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572,
2007); Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (De Haes et al. in Measuring the quality of life of
cancer patients with the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL): a manual, Northern
Centre for Healthcare Research, Groningen, 1996); Prayer for Partner Scale, (Fincham
et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 99:649–659, doi:10.1037/a0019628, 2010); Infidelity Scale,
(Drigotas et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 77:509–524, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.509, 1999);
and the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-short form (Wei et al. in J Couns Psychol
52(4):602–614, doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.602, 2005). Results showed that relationship
satisfaction mediated the relationship between avoidance attachment and loneliness and
between infidelity and loneliness. Physical morbidity mediated the relationship between
anxious attachment and psychological morbidity. Psychological morbidity mediated the
relationship between anxious attachment and physical morbidity. The present results
expand the literature on attachment by presenting evidence that anxious and avoidant partners experience loneliness differently. Implications for couple’s therapy are addressed.
Future research should replicate these results with older samples and married couples.Acknowledgments This research was supported by Grant Number 90FE0022 from the United States
Department of Health and Human Services awarded to the last author
Occurrence, distribution and abundance of cetaceans in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA
No full textIn this paper the occurrence, distribution and abundance of cetaceans in offshore waters of Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA is described. Between June 2007 and June 2010 monthly aerial and shipboard line-transect surveys were conducted along ten 74km transects placed perpendicular to the shelf break. In total 42,676km of aerial trackline (218 sightings) and 5,209km of vessel trackline (100 sightings) were observed. Seven species of cetaceans were observed, but the fauna was dominated strongly by common bottlenose and Atlantic spotted dolphins. Both species were present year-round in the study area. Using photo-identification techniques, five bottlenose dolphins and one spotted dolphin were resighted during the three-year period. In general, the abundance of cetaceans in Onslow Bay was low and too few sightings were made to estimate monthly abundances for species other than bottlenose and spotted dolphins. Maximum monthly abundances of bottlenose and spotted dolphins were 4,100 (95% CI: 1,300–9,400) in May 2010 and 6,000 (95% CI: 2,500–17,400) in March 2009, respectively. Bottlenose dolphins were found throughout the study area, although they were encountered most frequently just off the shelf break. In contrast, spotted dolphins exhibited a strong preference for waters over the continental shelf and were not encountered beyond the shelf break.Peer reviewe
Role of right posterior parietal cortex in maintaining attention to spatial locations over time
Get PDFRecent models of human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) have variously emphasized its role in spatial perception, visuomotor control or directing attention. However, neuroimaging and lesion studies also suggest that the right PPC might play a special role in maintaining an alert state. Previously, assessments of right-hemisphere patients with hemispatial neglect have revealed significant overall deficits on vigilance tasks, but to date there has been no demonstration of a deterioration of performance over time--a vigilance decrement--considered by some to be a key index of a deficit in maintaining attention. Moreover, sustained attention deficits in neglect have not specifically been related to PPC lesions, and it remains unclear whether they interact with spatial impairments in this syndrome. Here we examined the ability of right-hemisphere patients with neglect to maintain attention, comparing them to stroke controls and healthy individuals. We found evidence of an overall deficit in sustaining attention associated with PPC lesions, even for a simple detection task with stimuli presented centrally. In a second experiment, we demonstrated a vigilance decrement in neglect patients specifically only when they were required to maintain attention to spatial locations, but not verbal material. Lesioned voxels in the right PPC spanning a region between the intraparietal sulcus and inferior parietal lobe were significantly associated with this deficit. Finally, we compared performance on a task that required attention to be maintained either to visual patterns or spatial locations, matched for task difficulty. Again, we found a vigilance decrement but only when attention had to be maintained on spatial information. We conclude that sustaining attention to spatial locations is a critical function of the human right PPC which needs to be incorporated into models of normal parietal function as well as those of the clinical syndrome of hemispatial neglect
Coping and disability: Evidence from a developing country
No full textAim: In view of the increasing burden of musculoskeletal-related disability, the growing number of older persons and the scarcity of research on musculoskeletal conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean region, coping with musculoskeletal problems deserves special attention. This paper examines how good coping links to musculoskeletal-related disability among Lebanese citizens aged 15years and older. Methods: The sample included 200 people living in southern Lebanon and who participated in the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) survey. Disability and coping were assessed using self-reported questions. Covariates included demographics, musculoskeletal pain variables, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Around one-third of the sample had lifetime functional disability due to musculoskeletal problems and 62percent were coping well with their problems. Adjusted data showed that the odds of musculoskeletal-related disability among individuals who were not coping well was 2.35 times the odds of disability among individuals who were coping well with 95percent CI=1.10-5.02. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the importance of complementing pharmacological treatment with a cognitive-behavioral approach for management of musculoskeletal problems. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases © 2011 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.Abu-Laban B., 1980, OLIVE BRANCH FAMILY; Al-Awadhi AM, 2004, CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL, V22, P177; Al-Awadhi AM, 2005, ANN SAUDI MED, V25, P459; Asenlof P, 2005, J PAIN, V6, P588, DOI 10.1016-j.jpain.2005.03.008; BADLEY EM, 1994, J RHEUMATOL, V21, P505; CHAAYA M, 2009, AGEING SOC IN PRESS, P1; Chang EC, 1996, J COUNS PSYCHOL, V43, P113, DOI 10.1037-0022-0167.43.1.113; Chopra A, 2001, J Assoc Physicians India, V49, P240; Chopra A, 2002, J RHEUMATOL, V29, P614; Cutolo M, 1999, CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL, V17, P515; DARMAWAN J, 1992, ANN RHEUM DIS, V51, P525, DOI 10.1136-ard.51.4.525; DiMatteo MR, 2000, ARCH INTERN MED, V160, P2101, DOI 10.1001-archinte.160.14.2101; Essau CA, 1996, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V27, P315, DOI 10.1177-0022022196273004; Farhood LF, 1999, ARCH PSYCHIAT NURS, V13, P192, DOI 10.1016-S0883-9417(99)80005-3; FLOR H, 1988, J BEHAV MED, V11, P251, DOI 10.1007-BF00844431; Geisser ME, 1998, J OCCUP REHABIL, V8, P73, DOI 10.1023-A:1023060616201; Haq SA, 2005, J RHEUMATOL, V32, P348; Karsdorp PA, 2009, EUR J PAIN, V13, P551, DOI 10.1016-j.ejpain.2009.02.001; KEEFE FJ, 1990, BEHAV THER, V21, P435, DOI 10.1016-S0005-7894(05)80357-0; Lam AG, 2004, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V35, P446, DOI 10.1177-0022022104266108; Lazarus R. S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP; Leibing E, 1999, CLIN J PAIN, V15, P58, DOI 10.1097-00002508-199903000-00009; Lillefjell M, 2007, BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS, V8, DOI 10.1186-1471-2474-8-65; Main CJ, 2002, BRIT MED J, V325, P534, DOI 10.1136-bmj.325.7363.534; Rapp SR, 2000, ARTHRIT CARE RES, V13, P270, DOI 10.1002-1529-0131(200010)13:5270::AID-ANR53.0.CO;2-A; Reginster JY, 2002, RHEUMATOLOGY, V41, P3, DOI 10.1093-rheumatology-41.suppl_1.3; Sibai AM, 2004, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V82, P219; Sinha BK, 2000, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V32, P218, DOI 10.1037-h0087118; Smolen JS, 2004, ANN RHEUM DIS, V63, P329, DOI 10.1136-ard.2004.022137; Uthman I, 1997, BRIT J RHEUMATOL, V36, P806; Veerapen K, 2007, J RHEUMATOL, V34, P207; Vranceanu AM, 2009, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V91A, P2014, DOI 10.2106-JBJS.H.01512; Widner Sabina, 1993, Clinical Gerontologist, V13, P3, DOI 10.1300-J018v13n04_02; Woolf AD, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P1079, DOI 10.1136-bmj.322.7294.1079; World Health Organization, 2003, WHO TECH REP SER, V919, p[i, 1]; YELIN E, 1992, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V35, P48922
