109,190 research outputs found
Verbal protocol of the experimental procedure used in "Pre-molecular assessment of self-processes in neurotypical subjects using a single cognitive behavioral intervention evoking autobiographical memory".
No full textABSTRACT : A verbal protocol used in “Pre-molecular assessment of self-processes in neurotypical subjects using a single cognitive behavioral intervention evoking autobiographical memory" (Martins, Simões, Barros and Simões, 2022) is published. This verbal protocol is based on the publications of Simões and colleagues (Simões et al., 1998; Simões, 2002; Simões et al., 2013). This protocol was initially tested in the pilot study of this experiment (Martins et al., 2016a) and as the experimental procedure of the “Pre-molecular assessment of self-processes in neurotypical subjects using a single cognitive behavioral intervention evoking autobiographical memory (Martins, Simões, Barros and Simões, 2022).The verbal protocol is used in the single cognitive behavioral intervention as a script and comprises the 1st phase, the Arousal Phase, and the 2nd phase, the Awareness Phase.
References
Martins, J. E., Simões, M., Rosa, N., D'Alimonte, D., Mendes, V. M., Correia, M. J., Barros, M., Manadas, B. (2016a). Happiness as a self state and trait of consciousness: saliva molecular biomarkers - a brief revision. Experimental Pathology and Health Sciences: Research, Clinics, Teaching and Society, 8 (1): 51-54.
Simões, M. (2002). Altered States of Consciousness and Psychotherapy. International Journal, pp. 21, 145–152.
Simões, M., Barbosa, L., Gonçalves, S., Pimentel, T., Fernandes, P., Correia, J., Peres, J., Esperança, P. (1998). “Altered States of Consciousness: Psychoneurophysiology of Personalized Regressive and Experiential Imaginary Therapy”. Aquém e Além do Cérebro, Fundação Bial, Porto, 305311.
Simões, M., Oliveira, M., Marujo, H. A., Neto, L. M., Ribeiro JA (2013). “Psicoterapia Breve Trajetória de Vida - A Hipnose Clínica do Individual ao Grupal na Comunidade Positiva.” Hipnose Clínica, eds Marto J & Simões M, Lidel, Lisboa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
SANSÃO E DALILA (D. H. Lawrence)
No full textTradução e prólogo de Luíza Simões de Oliveira e Beatriz Viégas-Faria, revisada por Andrea Cristiane Kahmann
Figuras literárias do Porto
No full textNa portada: (Com 21 estampas)AntepLas h. de láminas son retratos de los distintos escritoresEn la portada: (Com 21 estampas)As f. de lám. son case todas retratos dos distintos autore
Allobates bacurau Simões 2016, sp. nov.
No full textAllobates bacurau sp. nov. Figures 1–9 Holotype. INPA-H 35398 (original field number APL 12647). An adult male collected by P.I. Simões on 4th of December 2007, at Estrada do Miriti, in the outskirts of the city of Manicoré, on the right bank of the Madeira River, State of Amazonas, Brazil (05°52'05" S, 61°17'13" W). Advertisement calls of holotype recorded at 11:30 h and 25.2°C. Paratypes. INPA-H 35397, 35399–35409 (original field numbers APL 12644 –12646, 12648–12656), ten males, two females. Collected by P.I. Simões on 4th–5th of December 2007, proceeding from the same locality. Etymology. The specific epithet is in reference to the Portuguese word “ bacurau ” (modified from the original native Tupi word “wakura’wa”), which designates several species of nighthawks (Family Caprimulgidade). Inhabitants of Manicoré have historically entitled themselves “Povo Bacurau” (“The Nighthawk People”). The origin of this habit is disputed, but it possibly relates to the nickname of a notable citizen, Mr. Francisco A. Vieira Nunes (1939–1997), a writer and politician who gained prestige as a social worker and activist for Hansen’s disease awareness. The epithet is applied as a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Allobates bacurau is characterized by: (1) skin texture of dorsum granular, flat granules scattered from the level of tympanum to the urostyle region, more evident from mid to posterior dorsum; (2) paired dorsal digital scutes present; (3) distal tubercle absent on Finger IV; (4) discs on fingers II and III unexpanded, discs of fingers I and IV weakly expanded; (5) dermal lateral fringes and basal webbing absent on fingers; (6) metacarpal ridge absent; (7) Finger III swollen in male specimens, width of swelling variable among males; Finger III not swollen in females; (8) carpal pad absent; (9) male excrescences absent on thumbs; (10) thenar tubercle conspicuous; (11) black gland absent on arm; (12) tarsal keel present, tubercle-like, strongly curved; (13) disc of Toe I weakly expanded; discs of toes II, III and IV moderately expanded; (14) basal webbing present between toes III and IV; (15) metartarsal fold absent; (16) cryptic external coloration; background color of dorsum tan brown, with darker brown spots scattered from the level of tympanum to posterior dorsum; large diamond, “X” or hourglass-shaped marks absent on dorsum; dorsal surface of thigh grayish brown in life, light brown in preserved specimens, with no transverse bars; dorsal surface of arm yellow to dark copper in life, cream in specimens preserved for at least five years; pale dorsolateral stripe present,well defined, variable in width among specimens; a dark brown lateral stripe surrounds the whole body, reaching leg-body insertion; pale oblique lateral stripe absent; pale ventrolateral stripe present, partially diffuse, extending from behind the eyes to groin, cream in preserved specimens, iridescent white in live individuals; small, brown irregular blotches or marbling present ventrolaterally from snout to groin; pale paracloacal mark present; (17) dark throat-collar absent; (18) color of throat generally cream in preserved specimens, appearing light brown in specimens with higher concentration of melanophores on throat skin; density of melanophores on throat variable among specimens; throat light to dark gray in life; (19) central abdominal region immaculate, white to translucent in live male and female specimens; throat region with a variable number of melanophores in both sexes; chest and posterior third of throat light to dark gray in live males, white to translucent in live females, with parietal peritoneum projecting anteriorly from the level of chest and visible through skin; (20) iris metallic gold with tiny black flecks and a light gold pupil ring; (21) large intestine unpigmented; (22) testis unpigmented; (23) mature oocytes pigmented, pigments dark brown; (24) median lingual process absent; (25) tympanum inconspicuous; (26) vocal sac single; (27) maxillary teeth absent or inconspicuous; (27) habit is diurnal, males calling during daytime; (28) advertisement calls characterized by distinctively long trills (7–11 s) formed by approximately 60–80 short notes, emitted at an average rate of seven notes per second; (29) very small snout-to-vent length (SVL), adult males 14.4 mm on average (range 14.0– 14.7 mm), adult females 14.8 mm on average (range 14.7–14.9 mm). The new species is assigned to genus Allobates by the combination of characters 14, 17, 22, 24, 27 and 29. Species comparisons. The new species has a small geographic distribution in central Brazilian Amazonia (see Geographic distribution section below), located at least 600 km from the nearest country border. Thus, we restrict comparisons to Allobates species occurring in Brazil and to three additional species distributed outside the country, but which closely resemble the new species in external morphology. Allobates bacurau is distinguished from A. femoralis (Boulenger 1884), A. myersi (Pyburn 1981) and A. hodli Simões, Lima & Farias 2010 by its smaller body size and by lacking bright aposematic colors on body and dorsal surface of thighs (maximum SVL of adult males = 14.8 mm in A. bacurau, minimum SVL of adult males of remaining species = 22.2 mm, in A. hodli; yellow, orange or bright-red flash marks present on thighs of these large species). Allobates bacurau is distinguished from A. brunneus (Cope 1887), A. crombiei (Morales 2002), A. gasconi (Morales 2002), A. flaviventris Melo-Sampaio, Souza & Peloso 2013, A. goianus (Bokermann 1975) and A. magnussoni Lima, Simões & Kaefer 2014 by lacking a wavy-edged or hourglass-shaped dark brown pattern on dorsum. Maximum body size of A. bacurau also smaller than minimum body size registered among specimens of A. crombiei, A. flaviventris and A. magnussoni (maximum SVL of adult males = 14.8 mm in A. bacurau, minimum SVL of males of the latter three species = 16.0 mm, reported for Allobates magnussoni). Most specimens of A. olfersioides (Lutz 1925) with X-shaped dark-brown patterns on dorsum (dorsum solid tan-brown with tiny darker brown spots in A. bacurau); A. olfersioides distributed along the Brazilian Atlantic forest, not reaching the Amazon basin. Allobates bacurau is distinguished from A. masniger (Morales 2002), A. nidicola (Caldwell and Lima 2003) and A. paleovarzensis Lima, Caldwell, Biavati & Montanarin 2010 by its smaller body size (minimum SVL of adult males among the three species = 17.9 mm reported for A. masniger; maximum SVL of adult males = 14.8 mm in A. bacurau). Pronounced sexual dimorphism in color of throat and chest of live specimens of A. masniger, A. nidicola and A. paeovarzensis. Throat and chest of Allobates masniger and A. nidicola black to gray in males and uniformly yellow in females, fading to pale in preserved females. Throat of A. paleovarzensis grayish violet in live males, yellowish in live females (throat light gray to dark gray in live male and female A. bacurau). A. bacurau is distinguished from A. fuscellus (Morales 2002) by its smaller body size (minimum SVL in males of A. fuscellus = 15.8 mm) and by uniformly pale to translucent color of ventral surfaces of preserved specimens, darker only on distal parts of limbs and throat (ventral surfaces uniformly dark gray in preserved specimens of A. fuscellus). Minimum SVL of adult male A. vanzolinius (Morales 2002) 21.5 mm, much larger than maximum SVL of A. bacurau males (14.8 mm). Considering smaller species, Allobates bacurau is distinguished from A. caeruleodactylus (Lima & Caldwell 2001) by lacking sky-blue colors on fingers of live specimens and by the presence of defined pale dorsolateral and ventrolateral stripes (fingers sky-blue at least distally, pale dorsolateral and ventrolateral stripes absent in A. caeruleodactylus). A. bacurau is distinguished from A. conspicuus (Morales 2002) by lacking transverse bars on dorsal surface of thigh and by the presence of a partially diffuse pale ventrolateral stripe (thigh with transverse dark brown bars and continuous pale ventrolateral stripe present in A. conspicuus). A. bacurau is distinguished from A. grillisimilis Simões, Sturaro, Peloso & Lima 2013 by lacking transversal dark brown bars on the dorsal surface of thigh (dark brown bars absent or present in variable number on dorsal surface of thigh in A. grillisimilis), by upper arm golden yellow in live specimens (upper arm olive brown in A. grillisimilis) and by throat in variable shades of gray in live male specimens (throat white to translucent, with a few melanophores distributed only on chin in male A. grillisimilis). Allobates bacurau is distinguished from A. marchesianus (Melin 1941) by lacking basal webbing between Toes II and III and by the absence of strong sexual dimorphism in color of ventral surfaces of preserved and live specimens (basal webbing present between Toes II and III in A. marchesianus; throat and chest of males strongly pigmented, appearing dark gray; ventral surfaces of preserved females uniformly cream, bright yellow in life). Allobates bacurau is distinguished from A. subfolionidificans (Lima, Sanchez & Souza 2007) by the presence of melanophores on throat and by the presence of a pale and conspicuous dorsolateral stripe in preserved specimens (throat unpigmented, uniformly cream or white, pale dorsolateral stripe absent in A. subfolionidificans). Preserved specimens of A. bacurau are distinguished from A. tapajos (Lima, Simões & Kaefer 2015) by a solid dark brown lateral stripe surrounding the body, by a partially diffuse pale ventrolateral line and pale marbling on the ventrolateral surface of body (dark brown lateral stripe with a diffuse lower edge; pale ventrolateral stripe and pale lateral marbling absent in A. tapajos). Live males of A. tapajos also with golden yellow throat and chest (throat and chest gray in A. bacurau). Preserved specimens of Allobates bacurau are almost identical to specimens of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales 2002), but A. sumtuosus lacks dark pigments (melanophores) on throat, which appear uniformly white, light gray or translucent (throat always pigmented A. bacurau, appearing lighter or darker gray depending on melanophore coverage). The two species are also distinguished by their color in life. Throat, chest and abdominal surfaces of female A. sumtuosus uniformly light yellow; the same surfaces are uniformly light gray to translucent in male A. sumtuosus (throat gray, chest and abdomen light gray to translucent in live male and female A. bacurau). Dorsal surface of thigh uniformly bluish gray in live A. sumtuosus, occasionally with a few brown irregular spots (dorsal surface of thigh grayish brown, sometimes with dark brown blotches extending from the lateral surfaces in A. bacurau). Three Allobates species distributed in forested areas of the Guiana Shield and eastern Andean Piedmont of Cordillera de Merida and Cordillera Oriental de Colombia outside Brazil resemble A. bacurau morphologically. A. algorei Barrio-Amorós & Santos 2009 is distinguished from A. bacurau by the presence of a dark brown transverse stripe on thigh (absent in A. bacurau), by a dark brown lateral stripe fading posteriorly (dark brown lateral stripe solid around whole body in A bacurau) and by a light yellow posterior abdomen in live specimens (posterior abdomen light gray to translucent in A. bacurau). A. amissibilis Kok, Hölting & Ernst 2013, from Guyana, is distinguished from A. bacurau by the slightly larger size of males (minimum SVL of male A. amissibilis 16.3 mm), by an absent or thin and diffuse pale dorsolateral stripe (pale dorsolateral stripe unbroken and well defined in live and preserved A. bacurau), by the presence of a broad oblique lateral stripe extending from groin to mid-body (oblique lateral stripe absent in A. bacurau), and by color of throat in live specimens, pinkish gray in males, cream to yellow in females (throat gray in live male and female specimens of A. bacurau). A. granti (Kok, MacCulloch, Gaucher, Poelman, Bourne, Lathrop & Langlet 2006) from French Guiana differ from A. bacurau in lacking a pale dorsolateral line (present in A. bacurau) and by the ventral color of live females (throat of female A. granti pale, free of melanophores, abdomen yellowish; throat of female A. bacurau gray, with scattered melanophores, abdomen white to translucent). Allobates bacurau can be distinguished from other species of cryptically colored Allobates by means of its advertisement calls, formed by long trills of notes. See “ Call description and comparisons” section below for comparisons with advertisement calls of similar congeneric species. Description of holotype. Measurements of the holotype are presented in Table 1. Body is robust, head wider than long (HL/HW = 0.84), head length 0.29 times the SVL (Fig1A, B; Fig. 2A). Eye diameter larger than distance from anterior corner of the eye to nostril (EN/EL = 0.63). Nares located posterolaterally to tip of snout, directed laterally, visible in dorsal, ventral, lateral, and anterior views. Distance between nostrils 0.82 times that of HW. Canthus rostralis slightly convex from tip of snout to nostril, straight from nostril to anterior corner of the eye. Loreal region vertical. Tympanum round, 0.37 times the maximum diameter of the eye. Margins of tympanum indistinct to the naked eye, visible under a dissecting microscope, more conspicuous anteroventrally. Maxillary teeth absent, not visually detectable under 40X magnification or when a wire probe is moved along the maxillary surface. Tongue conspicuously longer than wide, with anterior tip attached to the mouth floor. Median lingual process absent. Choanae round, positioned anterodorsally to eye bulge. Vocal sac single, corresponding to most of the area of the medial and posterior subgular region. Lateral vocal slits conspicuous. Palmar tubercle elliptical, with the longer width aligned towards the base of Finger II. Thenar tubercle conspicuous, oval, evident in ventral view and in hand profile. Maximum diameter of thenar tubercle 68% of maximum diameter of palmar tubercle (Fig. 3A). Subarticular tubercles of Fingers II, III and IV round, small, never exceeding the width of phalanges. Subarticular tubercle on Finger I elliptical, protuberant, 1.2 times larger than thenar tubercle in maximum diameter. Distal subarticular tubercle absent on Finger IV. Supernumerary tubercles absent. Carpal and metacarpal ridges absent. Fringes or webbings absent on fingers. Length of Finger II equivalent to approximately 85% of Finger I´s length. Tip of Finger IV does not reach distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III when fingers are juxtaposed. Relative lengths of fingers: IV = II <I <III. Finger III swollen; swelling preaxial. Discs of fingers II and III with about the same width of that of underlying phalanges. Discs of fingers I and IV weakly expanded, width of discs corresponding to 1.1 and 1.2 times the width of adjacent phalanx (Fig. 3A). Tibia length corresponding to approximately half the SVL (TL/SVL = 0.52). Tarsal keel present, tubercle-like, strongly curved at its proximal end, flattening and straightening towards metatarsal tubercle (Fig. 4). Metatarsal fold absent. Preaxial edge of tarsus smooth, with no fringe. Basal webbing present between toes III and IV. Less conspicuous basal webbing is present between toes II and III. Relative lengths of toes: I <II <V <III <IV. Disc of Toe I weakly expanded, width 1.2 times the width of adjacent phalanx. Discs of Toes II, III, IV and V moderately expanded, width of discs 1.5, 1.5, 1.7 and 1.4 times the width of adjacent phalanx, respectively (Fig. 4). Skin on dorsum is moderately granular, with relatively low granules scattered from the urostyle region to about the level of tympana (granules are evident by aggregations of melanophores on their tips). Skin is smooth ventrally and laterally. Dermal flap absent above cloaca (Fig 1A, B). Color in alcohol of holotype. Dorsal surface of body uniformly tan brown, darker only above the orbits and on tips of larger skin granules (Fig 1A). A pale dorsolateral stripe is present, characterized by a narrow line (~ 0.8 mm wide at mid-abdomen level) adjacent to the darker lateral surface of body where density of melanophores is reduced; inner edge of pale dorsolateral stripe well marked, not diffuse (Fig. 1A). Lateral surface of body characterized by a solid dark brown stripe, extending from tip of snout to groin. Pale ventrolateral line present, cream colored, extending from snout to groin, diffuse anteriorly, wider and more conspicuous from arm-insertion level to groin. Irregular projections of ventrolateral line form a marbling pattern on the ventrolateral region towards the abdomen, on light brown background (Fig. 2A). Throat, gular, and anterior pectoral regions light brown, with evenly scattered melanophores. Posterior pectoral region, abdomen and ventral surface of thigh uniformly cream (Fig. 1B).Tongue is cream-colored. Arms cream to pale brown in dorsal view, melanophores concentrated in small and irregular light brown blotches on upper arm, forearm and hand. Tip of fingers light brown. Paired scutes on finger discs cream. Upper arm and forearm cream to translucent in ventral view, continuous with color pattern of abdomen. Outer lateral edge of forearm tan brown. Carpal and metarcarpal regions tan brown in ventral view (Fig. 1A, B; Fig. 2A). Area immediately around vent solid dark brown, flanked by an unpigmented, C-shaped transverse band, corresponding to the pale paracloacal mark. Thigh light brown in dorsal view, with a few dark brown irregular spots. Inner and outer dorsolateral surfaces of thigh dark brown. Dorsal surface of shank same color as thigh, with irregular dark brown blotches, more frequent on the outer dorsolateral edge. Outer dorsal surface of tarsal region lighter than overall pattern of legs, with scattered dark brown blotches. Toes light brown, with irregularly distributed melanophores. Ventral surface of shank and tarsal region predominantly cream to translucent. Dark brown marbling appears along inner and outer ventrolateral edges and on knee. Ventral surface of metatarsal regions uniformly dark brown. Toes and toe discs light brown in ventral view (Fig. 1A, B; Fig. 2A). Variation in type-series. Variation in morphometric measurements is presented in Table 1. Specimens in typeseries resemble the overall external morphology of the holotype (Fig. 1C, D; Fig. 2B; Fig. 5). Females are slightly larger than males in average, but SVL of largest male and smallest female paratypes overlap. Head proportions and relative length of tibia also equivalent between sexes, head slightly wider than long in male and female specimens, and tibia length about half the SVL (average HL/SVL = 0.30 among male paratypes and among female paratypes; average HW/SVL = 0.35 among male paratypes, 0.34 among female paratypes; average TL/SVL = 0.52 in both sexes). Preaxial swelling of Finger III variable among specimens in the type-series: not swollen in the two female (Fig. 3B) and one male paratype. Finger III swollen in the remaining male paratypes. Finger III swelling is strong in preserved males with more evident vocal slits; weak in specimens with less conspicuous vocal slits. Width of pale dorsolateral stripe variable among type specimens (Fig. 5), ranging from 0.59 to 0.95 mm. Pigmentation on throat variable among male and female specimens, general throat color varying from predominantly cream (with melanophores densely scattered only on chin) to uniformly light brown (melanophores densely scattered on most of the throat surface). Color in life. Dorsal surface of body tan brown, with scattered darker brown spots on tips of skin granules that are more evident from mid to posterior dorsum. Pale dorsolateral stripe evident, bright tan brown (Figs. 6, 7) Lateral surface of body surrounded by a dark brown stripe from tip of snout to groin. A few faint spots may be present post-laterally on the dark brown stripe about the inguinal region, but never forming a pale oblique lateral line. Iridescent white ventrolateral stripe present along the lower margin of dark brown flanks, from tip of snout to groin, often interrupted, frequently at the level of arm insertion and below the eye. Pale iridescent marbling, same color as of ventrolateral stripe, present below ventrolateral stripe, towards the abdomen, over unpigmented background (Figs. 6, 7). Color of throat can vary from light gray to dark gray in male and female individuals (Fig.7). Color of throat is sexually dimorphic only posteriorly among live specimens, where the parietal peritoneum projects anteriorly past chest level in females and is visible through skin, rendering a white color, instead of the light to dark gray posterior throat in males (Fig. 7A). Pectoral region and abdomen white to translucent, with scattered brown pigmentation appearing only ventrolaterally in some specimens (Fig. 7C). Vocal sac of males light gray to gray when inflated. Dorsal surface of upper and forearm predominantly light tan brown, with golden flecks, light gray to translucent only around arm-body insertion. A few dark brown scattered blotches may be present laterally on upper arm and forearm. Upper arm light gray to translucent, same color as chest in ventral view. Forearm, carpal and metacarpal regions gray to dark brown in ventral view. Fingers gray in ventral and dorsal views, darker in ventral view. Paired scutes on finger discs iridescent white. Surfaces immediately adjacent to vent solid dark brown, flanked by a light cream paracloacal mark. Distal edge of paracloacal mark merging shortly with darker brown shades on thigh. Dorsal surface of thigh grayi
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
Avaliação da ação citotóxica de cardenolídeos em células tumorais
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2015.Os cardenolídeos, tais como digoxina e oubaína, são conhecidos por sua eficácia no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e como fármacos antiarrítmicos. Recentemente, foram detectadas novas atividades farmacológicas para esses "antigos" fármacos. Tendo em vista o crescente interesse na pesquisa e desenvolvimento desta classe de compostos como potenciais quimioterápicos, frente a diversas linhagens celulares tumorais, o presente trabalho de tese objetivou avaliar os efeitos citotóxicos em células tumorais de três cardenolídeos (glucoevatromonosídeo, digitoxigenina monodigitoxosídeo e convalotoxina), previamente selecionados pela sua potente ação citotóxica. Inicialmente, eles foram avaliados em linhagens celulares tumorais de diferentes origens e todos demonstraram uma potente ação, em concentrações nanomolares, em todas as linhagens testadas, especialmente nas células de tumor de pulmão (A549). Essa linhagem tumoral foi então selecionada para a continuação dos experimentos para detectar o tipo de morte celular causada por esses três cardenolídeos. O glucoevatromonosídeo (GEV), composto mais promissor, também foi investigado em células U937 (linfoma histiolítico). Todos os três causaram bloqueio da fase G2/M, enquanto que a convalotoxina (CON) aumentou o número de células em subG0 do ciclo celular. O GEV foi capaz de inibir a expressão de importantes proteínas relacionadas ao ciclo celular, como ciclina B1 e p53 em A549. Ainda, esse composto causou bloqueio em subG0 em células U937, demonstrando um efeito dependente do tipo celular. O efeito de morte celular causado pelo GEV também foi tipo celular dependente, já que foi observada morte celular pela ação de caspases nas células U937 e independente da ação das caspases em células A549. A digitoxigenina monodigitoxosídeo não apresentou efeito significativo de morte celular em células A549. A CON aumentou o número de núcleos picnóticos e células Anexina-V positivas, configurando morte celular apoptótica. Alem disso, os três compostos foram capazes de inibir a migração e invasão celulares, em células A549, bem como de reduzir a expressão das proteínas: MMP2, MMP9 e FAK (proteína de adesão focal), que são essenciais no processo de metástase. Além disso, o GEV foi capaz de inibir a expressão de importantes cinases, geralmente super expressas em células tumorais. O conjunto desses dados sugere que estes compostos, especialmente o GEV, podem ser considerados candidatos promissores para o desenvolvimento de uma forma farmacêutica a ser usada no tratamento do câncer de pulmão.Abstract : Cardenolídeos such as ouabain and digoxin are known for their efficacy in treating congestive heart failure as antiarrhythmic drugs. Recently, new pharmacological activities have been found (antiviral and antitumor) to these "old" drugs. Given the growing interest in research and development of this group of compounds, as potential chemotherapeutic agents, this work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects on tumor cells of three cardenolides (glucoevatromonoside, digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside and convallatoxin) previously selected for its potent cytotoxic action. Initially, they were screened in tumor cell lines of different origins and all of them showed potent action at nanomolar concentrations in all cell lines tested, particularly in lung tumor cells (A549). This cell line was then selected for further investigation to detect the kind of cell death caused by these three cardenolides. Glucoevatromonoside (GEV) was the most promising compound, and also investigated in U937 cells (histiocytic lymphoma). All these compounds block G2/M phase, whereas the convallatoxin increased the number of cells in subG0 phase. GEV was able to inhibit the expression of important proteins related to cell cycle, such as Cyclin B1 and p53. Beyond that, this compound caused cell cycle blockage in subG0 phase in U937 cells, demonstrating dependent cell type effect. The effect of cell death caused by GEV was also cell type dependent. In U937 cells, GEV showed a caspase dependent cell death while it is independent of caspase in A549 cells. Digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside did not show a significant percentage of cell death in A549 cells. Convallatoxin increased the number of pyknotic nuclei and Annexin-V positive cells, setting apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. Furthermore, the three compounds are capable of inhibiting cell migration and invasion in A549 cells as well as to reduce the expression of some proteins as MMP2, MMP9 and FAK (focal adhesion protein), which are essential in the process of metastasis. Moreover, GEV was able to inhibit the expression of important kinases, usually over expressed in tumor cells.. Taken together, these data suggest that these compounds, especially GEV can be considered promising candidates for the development of a pharmaceutical form to be used in the treatment of lung cancer
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