918 research outputs found
MCC phylogeny trimmed to data used in comparative analyses
No full textMCC phylogeny from Burns et al. (2014). The tree has been trimmed to include the species used in comparative analyses. Citation: Burns, K. J., A. J. Shultz, P. O. Title, N. A. Mason, F. K. Barker, J. Klicka, S. M. Lanyon, and I. J. Lovette. 2014. Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds. MPE 75:41–77
Posterior trees used in comparative analyses
No full textSet of 100 phylogenies from the posterior distribution presented in Burns et al. (2014). The tree has been trimmed to include the species used in comparative analyses. Citation: Burns, K. J., A. J. Shultz, P. O. Title, N. A. Mason, F. K. Barker, J. Klicka, S. M. Lanyon, and I. J. Lovette. 2014. Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds. MPE 75:41–77
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
No full textFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
Direct and indirect effects of native and invasive plants on mosquito ecology
No full textContainer-breeding mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), including the vectors of human and wildlife pathogens, interact with terrestrial plants throughout their life cycles. Inputs of leaf detritus into the aquatic habitat provide an energy base for developing larvae, and plants mediate the distribution of adult mosquitoes by influencing microclimate conditions, supplying sugar-feeding sources, and altering communities of wildlife blood-meal hosts. This dissertation examines direct and indirect effects of understory shrubs, including species both native and invasive to North America, on the ecology of Culex pipiens, an important vector of West Nile virus in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Laboratory and field bioassays demonstrated that leaf detritus from different plant species in the aquatic environment alter two key components of mosquito production (i.e., oviposition site selection and adult emergence) via the abundance and composition of bacterial flora that form on different leaf species as they decompose. In particular, an invasive plant (Lonicera maackii, Amur honeysuckle) yielded high oviposition and adult emergence rates, while in contrast, a native plant (Rubus allegheniensis, common blackberry) was identified to function as an ecological trap for Cx. pipiens, attracting gravid females to oviposit and yet deleterious to larvae yielding low emergence rates. Subsequent laboratory bioassays in which first instar larvae were exposed to mixtures of leaves from different plant species revealed that while leaf resource diversity generally yields an increase in Cx. pipiens adult emergence rates, addition of high-quality resources is not sufficient to offset the deleterious effect of R. allegheniensis leaves. I then explored two integrated vector management applications of these findings. First, a field experiment demonstrated the feasibility of exploiting a naturally-occurring ecological trap (R. allegheniensis leaves) and an artificial ecological trap (L. maackii leaves mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis larvicide) for attract-and-kill mosquito control in storm water catch basins, in which gravid females are lured to oviposit in a low-quality environment. This result provides experimental proof of concept for a novel integrated vector management tool that may enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of existing mosquito abatement strategies with minimal non-target effects and reduced potential to select for insecticide resistance. A second field experiment showed that removal of L. maackii decreases abundance of adult Culex spp. mosquitoes in forest fragments within a residential neighborhood. The mechanisms underlying this reduction in mosquito abundance most likely include effects of L. maackii removal on microclimate conditions and the availability of avian blood-meal hosts. Collectively, these studies reveal multiple ecological pathways by which terrestrial plants interact with, and alter the abundance, distribution, and life history characteristics of mosquitoes, and suggest landscape modification strategies that may be used to manage an important disease vector species in residential ecosystems.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Allison Gardner, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-15 at 15:02.The student, Allison Gardner, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-04-15 at 15:06.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-04-20 at 10:19.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9240 on 2016-07-07 at 13:49:21Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T20:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-20Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93113
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93113
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Relationship between quantitative real-time PCR cycle threshold and culture for detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi.
No full textObjective To compare PCR and culture results for the detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi).
Animals Respiratory tract samples (N = 158) from horses being tested for S. equi.
Procedure Bacterial culture was carried out on samples from which S. equi was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.
Results S. equi was isolated from 12 (7.6%) samples: 4/9 (44%) samples when the PCR cycle threshold (CT) was ≤ 30, 7/30 (23%) when the CT was 30.1 to 35, and 1/119 (0.8%) when the CT was 35.1 to 40. The highest CT sample from a sample that yielded a positive culture was 36.9. The optimal Youden’s J value was at a CT of 34.2, the same value as determined by number needed to misdiagnose when the cost of a false negative is deemed to be either 5 or 10 × that of a false positive.
Conclusions Viable S. equi was only detected in a minority of quantitative PCR (qPCR) positive samples. A qPCR CT of 34.2 was a reasonable breakpoint for likelihood of the presence of culturable S. equi.
Clinical relevance Evaluation of CT values may be useful as a proxy to indicate the likelihood of cultivable S. equi being present and could be useful as part of risk assessments.journal article2023 JunimportedEquine Guelp
R functions to perform Ancestral State Reconstructions of Color Cone Catches
No full textFunctions to replicate the analyses presented by Price and Eaton (2014). See comments in file for additional information.
Price, J. J., and M. D. Eaton. 2014. Reconstructing the evolution of sexual dichromatism: current color diversity does not reflect past rates of male and female change. Evolution 68:2026–2037
Statistical techniques for text classification based on word recurrence intervals
No full text© World Scientific Publishing CompanyWe present a method for characterizing text based on a statistical analysis of word recurrence interval. This method can be used for extracting keywords from text, and also for comparing texts by an unknown author against a set of known authors. We also use these methods to comment on the controversial question of who wrote the letter to the Hebrews in the New Testament.M. J. Berryman, A. Allison and D. Abbot
Beyond Lesson Studies and Design Experiments: Using theoretical tools in practice and finding out how they work
No full textThis paper aims to illustrate how fruitful insights into the link between school teaching practice and student learning outcomes can be theoretically grounded by the variation theory from the field of phenomenography; and from this framework demonstrate how a 'pedagogy of awareness' can be implemented in the classroom. In this study, five teachers and 162 students at Primary Four level of school education in Hong Kong participated and the practice of the 'learning study' was adopted. By comparing the results of pre- and posttests, a significant gain was observed in the students learning outcomes.
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