75,755 research outputs found
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
Get PDFFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
Letter from Carl Hayden to M. J. Riordan
No full textLetter from Carl Hayden to M. J. Riordan expressing his support for Coconino County in turning over the Bright Angel Trail to the federal government
Strenorhagio deviatus Zhang & Yang & Ren & Shih 2010
No full text<i>STRENORHAGIO DEVIATUS</i> ZHANG, YANG & SHIH GEN. ET SP. NOV. (FIG. 3) <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The specific name refers to the Latin ‘d <i>eviatus</i> ’ (abnormal), because of the abnormal position of crossvein r–m.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Hind femur and tibia slender. Crossvein r–m far proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 longer than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arising from infall of cells bm and d; mouth of cell sc slightly wider than that of cell r 1; mouth of cell m 1 much narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 subequal to that of cell m 1 in width.</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> CNU-DIB-NN2007018, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view.</p> <p> <i>Type locality and horizon:</i> Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian).</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Body length, 14.8 mm; wing length, 11.0 mm; wing width, 3.3 mm.</p> <p>Body stout. Head elliptical, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of larger facets.</p> <p>Legs pubescent. Hind femur and tibia slender; first tarsomere distinctly longer and wider than following tarsomeres.</p> <p> Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2+3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending at wing apex. Crossvein r–m at basal third of cell d, far proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; relative lengths of veins Rs 1, Rs 2 and Rs 3 about 9.5: 1: 8.5. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m–m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 longer than crossvein m–m. Vein CuA 1 arising from infall of cells bm and d; veins CuP and A 2 present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide; mouths of cells r 2+3 and r 4 distinctly narrow. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouth of cell m 1 much narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 subequal to that of cell m 1 in width, about 1/2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow.</p> <p>Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Eight segments visible; segment I evidently shortest.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> See remarks for <i>Strenorhagio grimaldi</i> sp. nov.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chungkun, 2010, An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 563-572 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3)</i> on page 567, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438122">http://zenodo.org/record/5438122</a>
Letter from M. J. Riordan, Arizona Lumber and Timber Company, to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from M. J. Riordan to Carl Hayden expressing his opposition to the federal government's takeover of Bright Angel Trail
Geothelphusa boreas Shy & Shih & Mao 2021, sp. nov.
No full textGeothelphusa boreas sp. nov. (Figs. 4–5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6DC2B082-D052-49B3-B243-941D38306477 Geothelphusa sp. 1. — Shih et al. 2011: 461. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂ (21.2 × 16.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13615), Hapen River, head branch of Danshuei (= Tansui) River, the Fushan Botanical Garden area, New Taipei City (24°45’30”N; 121°34’35”E), elevation of 740 m, coll. H.-T. Shih, 16 Feb. 1994. Paratypes: 3 ♂♂ (15.7 × 12.4–19.0 × 14.7 mm), 2 ♀♀ (15.3 × 12.1, 17.1 × 13.1 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13429), 1 ♂ (16.2 × 13.2 mm) (ZRC 2021.0648); same data as holotype. Others: 7 ♂♂ (11.4 × 9.2–15.3 × 12.2 mm), 1 ♀ (16.6 × 12.9 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13616), Dakeng Bridge, Suao, Yilan (24°31’48.3”N; 121°51’13.0”E), elevation of 280 m, coll. Y.-H. Wang et al., 8 Sep. 2010; 2 ♀♀ (15.1 × 10.9, 16.7 × 12.8 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16436), around the lake of Shenmihu, Nan-ao, Yilan (24°22'43.9"N; 121°44'58.7"E), elevation of 1100 m, coll. J.-J. Mao, 10 Mar. 2018; 1 ♂ (12.7 × 9.7 mm), 1 ♀ (13.9 × 10.5 mm) (NCHUZOOL 14998), 1 ♀ (13.5 × 10.3 mm) (ZRC 2021.0649), Tongshan, Nan-ao, Yilan (24°30'15.5"N; 121°37'41.8"E – 24°30'03.5"N; 121°38'10.2"E), elevation of 1735–1880 m, coll. J.-J. Mao, 26 Sep. 2009. Comparative material. Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: see “Material examined” under Geothelphusa takuan; Geothelphusa tali Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: 1 holotype male (NTOU F10187), Dali (= Tali), Yilan Co., Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy & W.-L. Tsay, 4 Apr. 1993. Diagnosis. Carapace length, width 1.7-, 2.3-times carapace height, respectively. Anterolateral margins distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 3A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin without tooth; terminal segment slightly curving outwards to almost straight; total length of G1 5.8 times terminal segment. Description. Carapace (Fig. 2A, B) swollen longitudinally, transversely; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, with fine pits. Carapace length, width 1.7-, 2.3-times carapace height, respectively. Frontal margin slightly dived into 2 lobes, without tooth. Postorbital cristae distinct, supraorbital margin smooth, without granules; infraorbital margin smooth to almost smooth, lined with inconspicuous granules. External orbital angles stout, external orbital regions concave. Anterolateral margins distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Postorbital cristae faint, smooth. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth. H-shaped groove distinct. Tip of medium lobe of epistome stout. Distance between tip of sternopleonal cavity (Fig. 2C) and anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 about 2.2 times length of thoracic sternites 1 and 2. Chelipeds (Fig. 2A, B) of adult male unequal, fingers of larger chela forming obliquely triangular gape when closed. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 2A, C) smooth, dorsal, ventral margins of dactyli with 2 rows of small spines, respectively. Second leg about 1.8 carapace length. Telson bell-shaped, moderately short, width about 1.5 length. Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 3A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin without tooth in most specimen, some smaller specimen (<13.8 mm) with low tooth, inner proximal margin slightly dilated; terminal segment slightly curving outwards to almost straight; total length of G1 5.8 times terminal segment; length of synovial membrane about 4.6 times maximum width. Outer proximal margin of basal segment of G2 (Fig. 3D) dilated, showing a single lobe; distal segment short, about 0.16 times total length. Etymology. The species is derived from the Greek “ boreas ” (for north), alluding to the northernmost distribution of this species in the Central Range. Ecological notes. The specimens were collected from the montane area with an elevation of 740 m (the Fushan Botanical Garden area) to 1100 m (Shenmihu) and about 1800 m (Tonghsan), but also extended to the coastal cliff area of Suao (elevation of 280 m) (Fig. 1). The distributional range of this species covers an area of 45 km (from Fushan to Shenmihu; Fig. 1). There was running water in most habitats (Fig. 2D–F), but some crabs were more semiterrestrial, hiding under fallen leaves with only some seepage in Tongshan (Fig. 2G, H). Other species sympatric with this species include members of the G. eucrinodonta species complex, G. tali and G. ilan Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994 in Fushan area (Shih et al. 2010). In the higher altitude (Tongshan and Shenmihu), the habitats of the new species are near the Fagus hayatae (Taiwan beech) forest (Fig. 2E–H), with the mean (and standard deviation) water temperature 17.66 ± 2.12 oC (April 2018) and 23.25 ± 1.78 oC (May to September 2018), pH 7.4 ± 0.3 (April to October 2018) and dissolved oxygen 8.7 ± 0.9 mg /L (April to October 2018) in Shenmihu (Fig. 2F). Remarks. Geothelphusa boreas sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to G. takuan and G. tali which occurs in adjacent regions in northern Taiwan. The G1 structures remain the best way to separate them. The subterminal segment of the G1 of G. tali is straight (Shy et al. 2020: fig. 124), while those of present new species and G. takuan are distinctly curved inwards (Figs. 3, 4A, B; Shy et al. 2020: fig. 121). In addition, the G1 subterminal segment in G. takuan has a distinct tooth on the outer proximal margin (Fig. 4A), while in G. boreas, there is usually no tooth present on the structure (or at most with a faint knob in some small individuals) (Fig. 3A). The distance between the tip of the sternopleonal cavity and the anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 in G. takuan and G. tali being 1.0 times and 1.2 times the length of sternites 1 and 2, respectively, which are shorter than the ratio 2.2 times in G. boreas.Published as part of Shy, Jhy-Yun, Shih, Hsi-Te & Mao, Jean-Jay, 2021, Geothelphusa boreas, a new montane freshwater crab (Crustacea: Potamidae Geothelphusa) from northeastern Taiwan, and the identity of G. hirsuta Tan & Liu, 1998, pp. 93-104 in Zootaxa 5060 (1) on pages 96-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/560677
Strenorhagio grimaldi Zhang & Yang & Ren & Shih 2010
No full text<i>STRENORHAGIO GRIMALDI</i> ZHANG, REN & SHIH GEN. ET SP. NOV. (FIG. 4) <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The specific name is dedicated to the eminent American palaeoentomologist: David Grimaldi.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Hind femur and tibia slender. Crossvein r–m far proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 distinctly shorter than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m–cu short; mouths of cells sc and r 1 subequal in width; mouth of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 narrower than that of cell m 1.</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> Part and counterpart of CNU-DIB- NN2007019P, and CNU-DIB-NN2007019C, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view.</p> <p> <i>Type locality and horizon:</i> Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian).</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Body length, 17.0 mm; wing length, 13.7 mm; wing width, 4.2 mm.</p> <p>Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of large facets.</p> <p> Hind legs pubescent, femur and tibia slender. Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2+3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending slightly beyond wing apex. Crossvein r–m at basal third of cell d, proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; relative lengths of veins Rs 1, Rs 2 and Rs 3 about 6: 1: 4.5. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m–m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 shorter than crossvein m–m. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m–cu short; vein CuP present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1, wide, but subequal in width; mouths of cells r 2+3 and r 4, distinctly narrower. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouth of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 distinctly narrower than that of cell m 1, about 1/2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow.</p> <p>Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Eight segments visible; segment I evidently shortest.</p> <p> <i>Remarks: Strenorhagio grimaldi</i> sp. nov. looks, more or less, like <i>S. deviatus</i> sp. nov. However, we can separate it from <i>S. deviatus</i> sp. nov. by the following features: basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 distinctly shorter than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm; crossvein m–cu short. In <i>S. deviatus</i> sp. nov., the basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 is longer than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arises from the infall of cells bm and d.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chungkun, 2010, An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 563-572 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3)</i> on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438122">http://zenodo.org/record/5438122</a>
Jurakempynus loculosus Ma & Shih & Ren & Wang 2020, sp. nov.
No full textJurakempynus loculosus sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Zoobank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 35431551-EB67-40EC-BF43-0C7277EEA6E2 Etymology. From the Latin loculosus, meaning subdivided in compartments, referring to the multi-row cells between MA and MP in the hind wing. Type material. Holotype CNU-NEU-NN2020002 (Fig. 2). Locality and horizon. Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, Aalenian/Bajocian boundary, Middle Jurassic. Diagnosis. Forewing: slender and oblate, membrane scattered with numerous small markings, especially densely packed at the wing margin; radial crossveins irregularly spaced, not forming gradate series; A2 about half as long as A1, dichotomously branched close to base, the first branch pectinatedly branched. Hind wing: membrane without obvious spots; sinuate and irregular crossveins arranged in intramedial area to produce three rows of irregular cells; CuP long, with 14 oblique pectinated branches medially; anal region relatively small; A1 shorter than half length of CuP, and proximal branches denser to CuP branches; A3 distally fused with the first branch of A2. Description. Only the forewing and nearly two thirds of the hind wing preserved. Forewing about 28.03 mm in length, 8.63 mm in width. Hind wing about 14.10 mm in length as preserved, 7.61 mm in width. Forewing (Fig. 2A and C): nygmata undetected; trichosors well-defined along the wing margin; distally forked subcostal veinlets piecemeally appeared; RP branches more than 20, slightly incurved downward, and closely arranged; MA and MP parallel, sub-equal in lengths, and forming 3–4 simple branches distally; CuA symmetrically biforked distally, each branch forming 3–4 complicated pectinated branches, forming a large triangular region; CuP about three quarters of CuA, with three simple branches; A1 long and parallel to the posterior margin, forming irregular 11 pectinated branches; A3 simple not branched. Hind wing (Fig. 2B and D): membrane spotless, gradually paler near the wing base; costal region basally narrowed and then distinctly expanded; subcostal veinlets simple; numerous crossveins in radial area arranged irregularly, not forming a gradate series; sinuous veins present between the bases of RS1 and MA; M forked at wing base before RP1 from RA; MP with 5 pectinated branches; CuA with 8 pectinated branches, then each branch forming dichotomous branching; A2 with 3 simple branches. Remarks. Five species of Jurakempynus were described from the Daohugou locality of the Middle Jurassic, Shar-Teg locality, Mongolia and Karatau locality, Kazakhstan of the Late Jurassic. The distribution of these localities suggested that the genus experienced a distinct dispersal during the Jurassic. They shared the following apomorphies: forewing CuA forked at the middle, and each fork with complex branches; CuP forming 3–4 distal simple branches; hind wing M region widened, with more than two rows of cells occupying almost the entire length of M; MA and MP only forming distal forks in the hind wing; outer gradate series of both wings apparently lacking in radial area (Wang et al. 2011; Khramov 2014b; Khramov et al. 2017). Jurakempynus loculosus sp. nov. can be distinguished from Jurakempynus epunctatus Wang, Liu, Ren & Shih, 2011 and Jurakempynus bellatulus Wang, Liu, Ren & Shih, 2011 by irregular crossveins forming three rows of cells in the whole M region of hind wing rather than irregular cells only at middle as in J. epunctatus, or cells of M region arranged regularly, as in J. bellatulus. The new species differs from J. sublimis Khramov, 2014, whose M region of hind wing is relatively narrower and with an additional row of cells is short and narrow. Another distinctive feature of the new species is the shape of A2, being relatively long and bent, more than half the length of A1. In addition, compared to Jurakempynus species with preserved forewing (J. sinensis Wang, Liu, Ren & Shih, 2011 and J. arcanus Khramov, 2014), the forewing of the new species is characterized by a unique shape and markings —being slenderer and oblate (The ratio of the length to the width of forewing is about 3.25, those two species are about 3) instead of falcate and without spotted areas (Wang et al. 2011; Khramov et al. 2014b).Published as part of Ma, Yiming, Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong & Wang, Yongjie, 2020, New lance lacewings (Osmylidae: Kempyninae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China, pp. 94-100 in Zootaxa 4822 (1) on pages 97-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/444973
Geothelphusa cilan Shy & Shih & Mao 2014, sp. nov.
No full textGeothelphusa cilan sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Geothelphusa sp. 2 —Shih et al. 2011: 461. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂ (18.8 x 14.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13617), Cilan, Takejin (= Takazinm) River, the headstream of Danshuei (= Tansui) River, Jianshih, Hsinchu County (near Yilan [= Ilan] County), Taiwan, 24°32’08.7”N; 121°23’09.7”E, elevation of 1950 m, coll. H.- T. Shih & J.-J. Mao, 28 March 2009. Paratypes: 2 ♂♂ (CW 12.4–13.5 mm), 3 ♀♀ (13.8–15.5 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13430); 2 ♂♂ (10.4–20.6 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13618); 1 ♂ (13.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13619); 5 ♂♂ (15.5–18.9 mm), 13 ♀♀ (14.5–19.3 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13620), same data as holotype. Comparative material. Geothelphusa monticola Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: 1 holotype male (NTOU F10204), Siaoyako (= Sheauyeakow), Heping (= Hoping), Taichung City, Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy & W.-L. Tsay, 6 Jun. 1992; Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: 1 holotype male (NTOU F10205), Daguan (= Takuan), Fusing (= Fuhsing), Taoyuan County, Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy & W.-L. Tsay, 1 Nov. 1992. Description. Carapace (Fig. 2A–B) swollen longitudinally, transversely; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, with fine pits. Carapace length, width 1.7, 2.2 carapace height, respectively. Frontal margin slightly dived into 2 lobes, without tooth. Postorbital cristae distinct, supraorbital margin smooth, without granules; infraorbital margin smooth to almost smooth, lined with inconspicuous granules. External orbital angle stout, external orbital region concave. Anterolateral margin distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Postorbital crista faint, smooth. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth. H-shaped groove distinct. Tip of medium lobe of epistome stout. Distance between tip of closed male abdomen, anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 about 1.1 length of thoracic sternites 1, 2 (Fig. 2C). Chelipeds of adult males unequal, fingers of larger chela forming obliquely triangular gape when closed. Ambulatory legs smooth, dorsal, ventral margins of dactyli with 2 rows of small spines, respectively. Second leg about 1.8 carapace length. Telson of male abdomen bell-shaped, moderately short, width about 1.4 length (Fig. 2C). Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 1A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin with small tubercle, inner proximal margin clearly dilated; terminal segment slightly curving inwards to almost straight (length /width = 2.4); total length of G1 5.5 terminal segment; length of synovial membrane about 3.3 maximum width. Outer proximal margin of basal segment of G2 (Fig. 1D) dilated, showing a single lobe; distal segment short, about 0.12 total length. Etymology. The species is named for the type locality, the Cilan Forest, in northern Taiwan. The name is used as a noun in apposition. Coloration. Carapace and ambulatory legs grayish brown, mottled with dark brown spots; chelae orange-red, with dark brown spots; tip and inner edge of fingers white (Fig. 2D–G). Ecological notes. The specimens were collected from the headstream of Danshuei River (Fig. 2H) near the boundary of Hsinchu and Yilan counties, near Yuanyang Lake Nature Reserve, with an altitude about 2000 m. The mean monthly water temperatures were 10.3–14.6°C during April to December, 2012 (mean 12.6°C) for the adjacent Yuanyang Lake, with the same drainage. Remarks. Geothelphusa cilan sp. nov. is similar to G. monticola and G. takuan both of which are present in the adjacent regions. The subterminal segment of the G1 of G. monticola is slightly S-shaped, and those of G. takuan and G. cilan sp. nov. are slightly curved inwards, but G. monticola and G. takuan have a conspicuous tubercle and G. cilan sp. nov. a small tubercle at the outer proximal margin. The terminal segment of the G1 of G. monticola is slender (length/width = 3.3), and those of G. takuan and G. cilan sp. nov. are stouter (length/width = 1.8 and 2.4, respectively). Geothelphusa takuan and G. cilan sp. nov. have shorter distance between the tip of the closed male abdomen and anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 (ratio = 1.0 and 1.1, respectively) than that in G. monticola (ratio = 1.6). DNA analyses and discussion. A 616-658 basepair (bp) segment of the COI was amplified from 9 specimens of G. cilan and 10 specimens of the closely related G. monticola, resulting in 5 different haplotypes (Table 1). The studied segment was AT rich (63.2%) (T, 35.4%; A, 27.8%; G, 16.5%; and C, 20.3%). In this gene, 18 positions were variable and 13 parsimoniously informative. The phylogenetic tree constructed by BI and ML methods (Fig. 3) supports the clade of G. cilan sp. nov., which is a sister species to another montane clade, G. monticola. The pairwise nucleotide divergences for COI with K2P distance is shown in Table 2. The mean interspecific K2P distance of G. cilan is 2.26% with G. monticola, which is 38 or 17 times greater than the mean intraspecific distance of G. cilan (0.06%) or G. monticola (0.13%), respectively (Table 2). The lowest interspecific K2P distance of G. cilan is 2.15% with G. monticola, which is 13 or 4.7 times greater than the largest intraspecific distance of G. cilan (0.16%) or G. monticola (0.46%). The interspecific K2P distance of 2.15% – 2.65% between G.cilan sp. nov. and G. monticola is not high, but still higher than the distance between G. marginata Naruse, Shokita & Shy, 2004 and G. fulva Naruse, Shokita & Shy, 2004 (1.48%–1.99%, Shih et al. 2011); and the distance among G. makatao Shih & Shy, 2009, G. shernshan Chen, Cheng & Shy, 2005, and G. pingtung Tan & Liu, 1998 (1.65%–1.98%, recalculated from Shih & Shy 2009). Although the nearest distance between the localities of G. cilan sp. nov. and G. monticola (see nos. 32 and 27 in fig. 1 of Shih et al. 2011) is only about 13 km, both areas belong to different drainages, the Danshuei and Daja rivers, respectively. Furthermore, several mountains more than 2000 m a.s.l. separated the two areas. Based on the substitution rates of 2.33% per 10 6 yr for COI of terrestrial crabs (see Schubart et al. 1998), the two sister species diverged at 1.0±0.2 million years ago (mya) (with uncorrected p-distance divergences of 2.35%±0.56%), which is quite young allopatric speciation, considering the geological history of Taiwan is about 5 mya (see Shih et al. 2006).Published as part of Shy, Jhy-Yun, Shih, Hsi-Te & Mao, Jean-Jay, 2014, Description of a new montane freshwater crab (Crustacea: Potamidae: Geothelphusa) from northern Taiwan, pp. 565-572 in Zootaxa 3869 (5) on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/494740
Measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in B0 -> J/ψ KS0 decays
Get PDFThis Letter reports a measurement of the CP violation observables SJ/ψK0S and CJ/ψK0S in the decay channel B0→J/ψK0S performed with 1.0 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√=7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment. The fit to the data yields SJ/ψK0S=0.73±0.07(stat)±0.04(syst) and CJ/ψK0S=0.03±0.09(stat)±0.01(syst). Both values are consistent with the current world averages and within
expectations from the Standard Model
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