35 research outputs found
Alkohol und Zielbindung
No full textAlcohol narrows individuals’ perspectives on the most salient aspects of a situation and leads them to ignore peripheral information. We hypothesized that intoxicated individuals strongly commit to goals without considering their expectations of success, because alcohol leads them
to focus on the desired outcomes rather than on the probability of attaining the outcomes. In Study 1, intoxicated participants strongly committed to goals despite bleak prospects for goal attainment. In Study 2, once sober again, participants did not follow up on their strong commitments. In Study 3, intoxicated participants disproportionally focused on the desired outcomes and this leaded them to strongly commit to their goals. Apparently, alcohol creates strong goal commitments by narrowing individuals’ perspectives on the desired outcomes.
However, intoxicated individuals’ commitments are empty as they are not based on individuals’ expectations of success and do not foster goal striving over time.Alkohol führt dazu, dass Personen disproportional auf saliente Aspekte einer Situation fokussieren und periphere Aspekte schlechter verarbeiten. Wir haben untersucht, ob alkoholisierte Personen sich stark an Ziele binden, ohne ihre Erfolgserwartungen zu berücksichtigen, weil Alkohol dazu führt, dass Personen disproportional auf die erwünschten Ereignisse fokussieren anstatt auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Zielerreichung. In Studie 1 haben sich alkoholisierte Teilnehmer trotz niedriger Erfolgserwartungen stark an ihre Ziele gebunden. In Studie 2 haben die Teilnehmer sobald sie wieder nüchtern waren ihre Ziele nicht im Einklang mit ihren starken Zielbindungen verfolgt. In Studie 3 haben alkoholisierte Teilnehmer disproportional auf die erwünschten Ereignisse fokussiert und dies führte dazu, dass sie sich stark an ihre Ziele gebunden haben. Anscheinend führt Alkohol zu starken Zielbindungen. Diese Zielbindungen sind jedoch ‚leere’ Zielbindungen, weil sie nicht auf Erfolgserwartungen basieren und nicht tatsächliches Zielverhalten über die Zeit beeinflussen
Mental contrasting and energization transfer to low-expectancy tasks
No full textAbstractMentally contrasting future with reality is a self-regulation strategy that triggers expectancy-dependent energization for tasks instrumental to attaining the desired future. Energization by mental contrasting even transfers to tasks unrelated to the desired future at hand. Would such energization transfer by mental contrasting even energize people to perform unrelated tasks for which they have low success expectations? In Laboratory Experiment 1, mentally contrasting (vs. indulging) about performing well in a creativity task triggered physiological energization and better performance in an unrelated low-expectancy cognitive task that participants received in place of the creativity task. In Field Experiment 2, mentally contrasting an interpersonal wish helped schoolchildren invest more effort and perform better in a low-expectancy academic task—finding typos. Online Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 with adults. Mental contrasting participants’ effort and performance in the low-expectancy academic task did not differ from their effort and performance in a high-expectancy task. We discuss implications for designing interventions to foster energization for low-expectancy tasks.</jats:p
Modeling of Antenna System for Capsule Endoscopic Complex “Landish”
No full textAbstractThis article focuses on modeling of different options of antenna system including and in particular an antenna for the capsule endoscope (transmitter antenna) of the capsule endoscopic complex “Landish”. A helical antenna is reviewed for the transmitter, as well as a patch antenna on a curved substrate, and a quarter-wave monopole vibrator and a ceramic antenna. An experiment was conducted in order to compare the gain of the antennas at a fixed position in the space of the transmitting antennas, and the impact of the human body on the features of antennas. Recommendations on the choice of antenna systems in accordance with the simulation results are provided
Making sense of institutional change in China: The cultural dimension of economic growth and modernization
No full textBuilding on a new model of institutions proposed by Aoki and the systemic approach to economic civilizations outlined by Kuran, this paper attempts an analysis of the cultural foundations of recent Chinese economic development. I argue that the cultural impact needs to be conceived as a creative process that involves linguistic entities and other public social items in order to provide integrative meaning to economic interactions and identities to different agents involved. I focus on three phenomena that stand at the center of economic culture in China, networks, localism and modernism. I eschew the standard dualism of individualism vs. collectivism in favour of a more detailed view on the self in social relationships. The Chinese pattern of social relations, guanxi, is also a constituent of localism, i.e. a peculiar arrangement and resulting dynamics of central-local interactions in governing the economy. Localism is balanced by culturalist controls of the center, which in contemporary China builds on the worldview of modernism. Thus, economic modernization is a cultural phenomenon on its own sake. I summarize these interactions in a process analysis based on Aoki's framework. --Aoki,culture and the economy,emics/etics,guanxi,relational collectivism,central/local government relations,culturalism,population quality,consumerism
Concept and Essence of Social Supply Chain and Professional Self-Determination in education System
No full textAbstract The author of this article reveals the content of the concepts of «identity», «professional identity», «social supply chain and professional identity» in education system. This topic has been recently studied as a system of value and supply of higher education. We made a conclusion about the need for the formation of social supply chain and professional identity of high school students, taking into account the spiritual and moral orientations, professional orientation, professional self-awareness of education system. The proposed social supply chain system can be effectively applied in the education system for various conditions
Emerging 2D-ferromagnetism and strong spin-orbit coupling at the surface of valence-fluctuating EuIr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>
No full textThe development of materials that are non-magnetic in the bulk but exhibit two-dimensional (2D) magnetism at the surface is at the core of spintronics applications. Here, we present the valence-fluctuating material EuIr2Si2, where in contrast to its non-magnetic bulk, the Si-terminated surface reveals controllable 2D ferromagnetism. Close to the surface the Eu ions prefer a magnetic divalent configuration and their large 4f moments order below 48 K. The emerging exchange interaction modifies the spin polarization of the 2D surface electrons originally induced by the strong Rashba effect. The temperature-dependent mixed valence of the bulk allows to tune the energy and momentum size of the projected band gaps to which the 2D electrons are confined. This gives an additional degree of freedom to handle spin-polarized electrons at the surface. Our findings disclose valence-fluctuating rare-earth based materials as a very promising basis for the development of systems with controllable 2D magnetic properties which is of interest both for fundamental science and applications. © 2019, The Author(s)
Anisotropic conduction in the myocardium due to fibrosis: the effect of texture on wave propagation
No full textCardiac fibrosis occurs in many forms of heart disease. It is well established that the spatial pattern of fibrosis, its texture, substantially affects the onset of arrhythmia. However, in most modelling studies fibrosis is represented by multiple randomly distributed short obstacles that mimic only one possible texture, diffuse fibrosis. An important characteristic feature of other fibrosis textures, such as interstitial and patchy textures, is that fibrotic inclusions have substantial length, which is suggested to have a pronounced effect on wave propagation. In this paper, we study the effect of the elongation of inexcitable inclusions (obstacles) on wave propagation in a 2D model of cardiac tissue described by the TP06 model for human ventricular cells. We study in detail how the elongation of obstacles affects various characteristics of the waves. We quantify the anisotropy induced by the textures, its dependency on the obstacle length and the effects of the texture on the shape of the propagating wave. Because such anisotropy is a result of zig-zag propagation we show, for the first time, quantification of the effects of geometry and source-sink relationship, on the zig-zag nature of the pathway of electrical conduction. We also study the effect of fibrosis in the case of pre-existing anisotropy and introduce a procedure for scaling of the fibrosis texture. We show that fibrosis can decrease or increase the preexisting anisotropy depending on its scaled texture. © 2020, The Author(s).Rochester Academy of Science, RASThis work was supported by Program of RAS Presidium #2, UrFU Competitiveness Enhancement Program (agreement 02.A03.21.0006) and RFBR (No. 18-29-13008). A.P. would like to thank Dr. Rupamanjari Majumder for an advice
инфраструктура
No full textThe darkness that came from the Mediterranean Sea covered the city hated by the procurator... М. Bulgakov. The Master and MargaritaThe seventh airfield subzone covered our beloved city. Construction was stopped, and engineering was frozen. Now we have as much free time as we need. And while Irkutsk is struggling with the mistakes of previous administrations, let's see how new air terminals are opened one by one in the regional capitals of the country: Kemerovo, Saratov, Perm... The first one we saw was LEONOV in Kemerovo. And we saw it not online, but live, when we arrived at the Festival “Zodchestvo in Siberia”.The object of the issue is not a frequent section in PB. This issue contains several significant infrastructure facilities by Moscow authors. Airport terminals in three Russian regional capitals (41) and the Nizhegorodskaya transport hub in Moscow (63).The main Siberian festival of this autumn is a regular festival “Zodchestvo in Siberia” held in the first decade of September in Kemerovo (15-36). It is noteworthy that the main focus of the work of the key speakers of this festival, Nikolay Shumakov and Timur Bashkaev, is on transport infrastructure facilities. So the stars are aligned for us to talk about it, about INFRASTRUCTURE.The infrastructural crisis has hit fully half of the inhabited world. The gigantic transport, energy and information systems created in the middle of the last century have exhausted their resources. Mikhail Mishustin's government is adopting an ambitious plan to invest tens of trillions of rubles into the country's infrastructures. Joe Biden's government is discussing a similar plan that costs trillions of dollars. Meanwhile, it turns out that both the philosophy and methodology of infrastructure design have fundamentally changed and now require a deep rethinking. Along with the burning issues, however, we do not forget about anniversaries. The new issue of PB opens with a diptych devoted to the 80th anniversary of our regular author Alexander Rappaport.Тьма, пришедшая со Средиземного моря, накрыла ненавидимый прокуратором город…М. Булгаков «Мастер и Маргарита»Седьмая аэродромная подзона накрыла любимый нами город. Остановилось строительство, замерло проектирование. Свободного времени стало столько, сколько надобно. И пока Иркутск борется с ошибками предыдущих администраций, посмотрим, как один за другим открываются новые, поименованные, аэровокзалы региональных столиц страны – Кемерова, Саратова, Перми… Первым мы увидели кемеровский ЛЕОНОВ, причем увидели не он-лайн, а живьем, прилетев на фестиваль ЗВС.Объект номера – не частая рубрика в пб. В этом номере сразу несколько значительных объектов инфраструктуры московских авторов. Аэровокзалы трех российских региональных столиц (41) и столичный транспортно-пересадочный узел «Нижегородская» (63).Главный сибирский праздник этой осени – очередной фестиваль ЗВС, прошедший в первой декаде сентября в Кемерове (15–36). Интересно, что ключевые спикеры этого фестиваля – Николай Шумаков и Тимур Башкаев – в своем творчестве сосредоточены на объектах транспортной инфраструктуры. Так звезды встали, указывая нам, что самое время поговорить о ней, об ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЕ.Инфраструктурный кризис накрыл добрую половину обитаемого мира. Гигантские транспортные, энергетические, информационные системы, созданные в середине прошлого века, выработали свой ресурс. Правительство Михаила Мишустина принимает амбициозный план вложений десятков триллионов рублей в инфраструктуры страны. Правительство Джо Байдена обсуждает аналогичный план стоимостью в триллионы долларов. Тем временем выясняется, что и философия, и методология проектирования инфраструктуры кардинально поменялись и требуют глубокого переосмысления.Впрочем, за злобой дня мы не забываем и о юбилеях. Новый номер пб открывается диптихом, посвященным 80-летнему юбилею нашего постоянного автора Александра Раппапорта
