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Luchas de poder, conflictos en el espacio público y desigualdades de género entre escritores de graffiti
No full text264 p.La investigación buscar explicar de forma exhaustiva todos los procesos sociales que influyen en las trayectorias de los y las escritoras de graffiti. Desde el comienzo de su actividad, el proceso de construcción identitaria como grupo social hasta el abandono de la misma. Para responder a estos interrogantes se llevaron a cabo 49 entrevistas en profundidad y 16 observaciones de escenas de graffiti, en Granada y Bilbao.La principal tesis que sostiene el conjunto de interpretaciones sobre el comportamiento del colectivo es que los y las escritoras de graffiti se comportan como jugadores de un campo social, como lo definió P. Bourdieu. Dentro de este campo social se ponen en juego dinámicas de discriminación hacía las mujeres y diferentes luchas simbólicas por imponer una determinada definición de graffiti. En base a esta premisa también se explican los diferentes niveles de implicación política del colectivo, en función de la posición relativa que ocupe cada persona en el campo del graffiti.Por último, se analiza la influencia de la facultad de Bellas Artes o las ordenanzas municipales en las dinámicas internas del colectivo. En este sentido, se concluye que las ordenanzas muy restrictivas empujan a estas personas a la realización de un graffiti rápido y menos elaborado. Respecto a las facultades, aunque no influyen en la construcción de significados, sí operan como espacios que posibilitan la ampliación de capital social entre jugadores del camp
Environmental taxes when firms care about environmental corporate social responsibility
No full textThis paper studies the incentive by governments to implement emissions taxes when firms are environmentally friendly. We find that the decision of governments on whether to establish a tax or not depends on three factors: the degree of environmental concern of the firms, the R&D knowledge disclosed by them and whether governments cooperate in setting taxes. When countries do not cooperate and firms do not share their knowledge both countries set emissions taxes for low levels of the concern, while either firm sets taxes if the concern is sufficiently high. If countries cooperate, they want to implement taxes for higher values of the concern. Under full information disclosure, when countries do not cooperate an asymmetric equilibrium arises: only one country implements a tax for intermediate values of the concern. However, when countries cooperate they levy taxes for all the values of concern. Thus, cooperation encourages governments to implement environmental policies
Ethics of microfinance institutions: a study applying the radical affinity index
No full textThe ethics of microfinance institutions (MFIs) have not been extensively researched. This paper aims to fill that gap. The Radical Affinity Index (RAI), adapted to this type of institution, is used to evaluate the ethical perspective from its four components: transparency, placement of assets, guarantees, and participation. The study seeks to determine if MFIs are ethically responsible in practice, identifying characteristics (such as entity type, geographic area and assets) that enhance their ethical performance. The findings indicate that MFIs are transparent. Placement of assets is the next best-rated aspect, although it shows significant variability, including some extreme cases. Serving excluded sectors with small-scale operations is a sector hallmark, and represents a key aspect for studying potential mission drift. Most MFIs offer alternative guarantees to traditional ones, while participation is shown to be the weakest aspect. Legal status and geographic area significantly influence the ethical perspective of MFIs, highlighting their specific needs.University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU): GIU21/011, GIU22/003, US25/1
The Predictive Roles of Musical Aptitude, Auditory Abilities, and Working Memory in L2 Speech Imitation: Differences Between Familiar and Unfamiliar Languages
Full text linkPublished on 7th January, 2026.In learning a second language (L2), speech imitation ability is an important
aptitude, which is subject to individual’s familiarity to the target L2 and multiple
cognitive factors. The present study investigates the impact of individuals’ cognitive
abilities on L2 speech imitation skills in a familiar (English) and an unfamiliar
(Chinese) L2. Thirty-five L2 English speakers imitated English and Chinese short
phrases and completed tests on musical aptitude (4 subsets: accent, melody, pitch,
and rhythm), auditory processing abilities (3 subsets: duration, formant, and pitch),
and working memory (2 subsets: forward and backward digit span). Their imitated
speech was rated by native English and Chinese speakers. Globally, working
memory is a stronger predictor for familiar L2 than for unfamiliar L2 and auditory
processing abilities only predict the imitation abilities of familiar L2. Regarding
specific components, musical melodic perception abilities, auditory pitch processing
abilities, and forward digit span significantly predict L2 speech imitation regardless
of language familiarity, but backward digit span predicts unfamiliar L2 imitation
better than familiar L2. The results suggest that some cognitive factors (e.g., working
memory) may be crucial at the first contact with a new language, whereas others
(e.g., auditory processing) may be more relevant to more experienced learners.This research is supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-
2025 program, by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa
excellence accreditation [CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033],
by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Spanish
State Research Agency (MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), and the European
Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR” through the Juan de la Cierva program
[JDC2022-048729-I], and by the Norwegian Research Council through the Center
of Excellence funding scheme [223265]. II, IM, PP, BR, and LX made equal
contribution to this work. Their names are listed in alphabetic order of the last
names. The authors thank Mr. Erick Chen for proofreading the Spanish version
of the abstract
Posiciones jurídicas de los Estados y organizaciones internacionales en el tema ‘Derechos humanos y medidas coercitivas unilaterales’ (1994-2025)
No full textEste documento presenta las posiciones jurídicas de los Estados y organizaciones internacionales en el tema “Posiciones jurídicas de los Estados y organizaciones internacionales en el tema ‘Derechos humanos y medidas coercitivas unilaterales’ (1994-2025)”, con el objetivo de clarificar la práctica estatal y opinio iuris sobre la posible creación o existencia de una norma relativa a la prohibición de las medidas coercitivas unilaterales, así como su hipotético contenido.Programa Posdoctoral de Perfeccionamiento de Personal Investigador Doctor del Gobierno Vasco
An open-source reference framework for the implementation of type 3 Asset Administration Shells
Full text linkSeamlessly integrating assets into distributed digital ecosystems based on Industry 4.0/5.0 demands measurable impact: lower engineering cost, interoperability and adaptability. SMIA (Self-configurable Manufacturing Industrial Agents) addresses this as an reference framework for implementing autonomous digital counterparts of assets, unifying industrial and software standards. Its dual-layer architecture combines machine-interpretable semantic modeling with distributed functional software, enhancing interoperability, flexibility, and autonomy. SMIA represents assets by executing domain-specific tasks and performing peer-to-peer communication through standardized interfaces. Following open scientific software principles, it integrates mature technologies and provides reproducible deployment artifacts (e.g., Docker), ensuring traceability and extensibility while reducing engineering effort and technological fragmentation.University of the Basque Country (EHU) [grant number PIF23/223]
Basque Government (GV/EJ) [grant number KK-2025/00035]
European Regional Development Fund [grant number POCTEFA 2021–2027 EFA030/01 AgriPower]
Legal positions of States and International Organizations on the theme ‘Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba’ (2020-2025)
No full textThis paper presents the legal positions of States and International Organizations on the item “Legal Positions of States and International Organizations on the item “Legal positions of States and International Organizations on the theme ‘Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba’ (2020-2025)”, in order to clarify both the state practice and opinio iuris on the possible creation or existence of a rule on the prohibition of unilateral coercive measures, as well as its hypothetical content.This document has been produced thanks to the funding of the Basque Government's Postdoctoral Programme for the Improvement of Doctoral Research Personnel and during a postdoctoral research fellowship on the Postgraduate Programme in Law at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
La CNT zaragozana y los orígenes de la prueba revolucionaria del diciembre de 1933: Consideraciones al margen del centenario
No full textThis article analyzes the local dynamics that conditioned the position of the Zarago-zan anarchists and syndicalists and their revolutionary pressure on the rest of the regional confe-derates. This work uses less cited or unpublished sources to delineate the origin of the most serious anarchist revolutionary attempts before the summer of 1936. The results of the proposed analysis also open the possibility of suggesting complementary lines for interpreting anarchist insurrectio-nism in the Republican period.; Este artículo analiza las dinámicas locales que condicionaron la postura de los anarquistas y sindicalistas zaragozanos y su presión revolucionaria sobre el resto de las regionales confederadas. Con el uso de fuentes menos citadas o inéditas, el trabajo pretende explicar de una manera más profunda el origen de la prueba revolucionaria anarquista más seria antes del verano de 1936. Los resultados del análisis propuesto prometen también la posibilidad de sugerir lí-neas complementarias para la interpretación del insurreccionalismo anarquista en el periodo republicano.; Artikulu honek Zaragozako anarkisten eta sindikalisten jarrera baldintzatu zuten to-kiko dinamikak aztertzen ditu, baita gainerako eskualde konfederatuen gain egin zuten presio iraultzai-lea ere. Gutxiago aipatuak edo argitaragabeak izan diren iturriak erabilita, lanak modu sakonagoan azaldu nahi du 1936ko uda aurreko proba iraultzaile anarkista serioenaren jatorria. Proposatutako azterketaren emaitzek, halaber, errepublika garaiko matxinada anarkista interpretatzeko ildo osaga-rriak iradokitzeko aukera ematen dute
Internal mechanisms in collaborative governance
No full textThis article examines how a formally adopted collaborative governance model becomes internally institutionalised within a public administration. Its aim is to explain the mechanisms through which collaborative logics are embedded in bureaucratic routines. The study employs a longitudinal qualitative case study of the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (Spain), based on systematic document analysis of meeting minutes, organisational artefacts and authorising documents produced during 2020. The analysis traces the sociomaterial evolution of two key artefacts (the Project Portfolio and the Monitor) and identifies a four-phase mechanism of creating, translating, legitimising and maintaining. These mechanisms reveal how boundary objects mediate institutional work and gradually stabilise new collaborative practices inside the administration. The findings show that internal institutionalisation is not merely procedural but a sociomaterial accomplishment. The article contributes to socio-legal debates on democratic innovations by specifying how participatory logics become materially anchored and embedded within the everyday work of public bureaucracies.Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa; Programa Etorkizuna Eraiki
Israel and US attacks against Iran (2025): Legal positions of States and international organizations on the conformity of military actions with jus ad bellum
Full text linkThis report presents the legal positions of States, groups of States, and international organizations on the conformity with jus ad bellum of the attacks carried out by Israel and the United States against Iran in June 2025.Basque Government's Postdoctoral Programme for the Improvement of Doctoral Research Personne