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El tratamiento del multietnolecto alemán a través de la figura de Jilet Ayşe
No full textEste artículo analiza el uso del multietnolecto alemán en el discurso escénico de Jilet Ayşe, figura artística con fuerte repercusión mediática, con el objetivo de identificar los principales rasgos lingüísticos de esta variedad y reflexionar sobre su potencial didáctico en la enseñanza del alemán como lengua extranjera. A partir de un corpus constituido por seis monólogos de Jilet Ayşe, se lleva a cabo un análisis lingüístico de los fenómenos morfosintácticos y léxicos asociados al multietnolecto. Los resultados ponen de relieve que la artista se reapropia de esta variedad y la convierte en una herramienta creativa mediante la cual se reformulan los estereotipos sociales sobre la juventud migrante y se redefinen las identidades marginadas. Desde una perspectiva didáctica, se propone una secuencia de actividades para el nivel C1 (MCER) que integra el análisis lingüístico, la reflexión sociolingüística y el trabajo con materiales audiovisuales auténticos. La propuesta busca fomentar una competencia sociolingüística crítica y una actitud inclusiva hacia la diversidad lingüística del alemán
Trauma-related mortality in a European region with an intermediately mature trauma system: a comprehensive population-based analysis
No full textUnderstanding the epidemiology of trauma-related mortality is essential to guide quality improvement and optimize trauma system performance. However, the absence of comprehensive regional registries often limits accurate assessment. This study aimed to characterize trauma-related deaths in Biscay (Spain), a European region with an intermediately mature trauma care system, including both prehospital and in-hospital deaths.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur
All-orthogonal BINOLated BODIPY dimers: A synergistic strategy for advancing heavy-metal-free triplet photosensitizers
No full textCovalently linked organic multichromophores are promising photoactive molecular scaffolds for developing valuable heavy-metal-free triplet photosensitizers. Among them, orthogonally connected BODIPY dimers and easily accessible at-boron BINOLated BODIPYs stand out owing to their efficient oxygen photosensitization, without the need for potentially toxic heavy atoms. In both approaches, the key photophysical mechanism enabling triplet state population involves a photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer by symmetry breaking in the orthogonally connected BODIPY dimers, or by electronic push-pull effect in the BINOL-BODIPY dyads. However, the potential synergistic effect of combining both strategies within a single molecular architecture remains unexplored. This work presents the first systematic study on the impact of integrating both photosensitizing approaches within a single BODIPY-based molecular framework. Our findings demonstrate that easy at-boron 3,3′-dibromoBINOLation serves as an effective chemical strategy to enhance triplet-based photosensitizing performance, without relying on potentially toxic heavy atoms such as transition metals. These results are expected to lay the foundations for the rational design of next-generation of low-cost BODIPY-based triplet photosensitizers for applications beyond heavy-metal-free photodynamic therapy, such as photocatalysis.This work received financial support from Spanish MICINN (AEI/10.13039/501100011033; research grants PID2020-114755 GB-C32, PID2020-114755 GB-C33, PID2024-157648-NB-C21, PID2024-157648-NB-C22 and PID2024-159047OB-C22) and Basque Government (research grant IT1639-22). S.S.-B. acknowledges UCM for a pre-doctoral contract (CT58/21-CT59/21)
Comparison between cylinder and ellipse at 0 degrees angle of attack for low Reynolds numbers
No full textThis study investigates the vortex shedding dynamics, aerodynamic forces, and wake characteristics of a
cylinder across a Reynolds number range of 550 to 5500 using the novel Shake-the-Box (STB) method, a high- accuracy Lagrangian particle tracking technique that reconstructs 3D trajectories from multi-camera recordings and improved time-resolved measurements. The analysis focuses on the Strouhal number, pressure lift and drag coefficients, vortex formation distances, and wake evolution. Results show a progressive increase in Strouhal number with Reynolds number, indicating higher shedding frequencies as the wake becomes more periodic.The distance between the main vortex and the cylinder surface decreases with increasing Reynolds number, while the distance between vortex pairs initially decreases and later stabilizes, reflecting wake reorganization. At higher Reynolds numbers, the wake exhibits three-dimensional instabilities, leading to deviations from theoretical Strouhal values. Finally, a comparison with an ellipse at 0 degrees highlights how geometry influences vortex shedding, with the ellipse exhibiting a more compact wake, higher shedding frequency, and lower drag. By benchmarking STB results against the well-documented wakes of a circular cylinder and an ellipse at 0 deg, the technique’s ability to reproduce classical three-dimensional turbulent structures is validated. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of shedding mechanisms in bluff bodies and provide insights into how shape affects wake development and aerodynamic performance and establishes STB as a robust novel methodology.This research was support by the Government of the Basque Country: Elkartek KK-2024/00069 and KK-2024/00117; and CIEMAT: Energía eólica offshore para el ensayo el desarrollo energético de energías renovables e hidrógeno verde; The work of U. F.G. was partially supported by Government of the Basque Country: ITSAS-REM (IT1514-22)
Pastoralism Can Mitigate Biodiversity Loss on Global Rangelands
Full text linkSustainable pastoralism represents a primary strategy for supporting goals of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Sixty-seven percent of biodiversity hotspots and 38% of key biodiversity areas globally include rangelands, but international conventions seldom recognize this vast biodiversity repository. We summarize four synergies between pastoralism and biodiversity conservation: working lands conservation, continuation of vital disturbance regimes, connectivity through transhumance corridors, and community-led governance. Actions that leverage these synergies offer critical opportunities to mitigate biodiversity loss through the creation of a vast conservation network that includes working lands and protected areas. This will require that the contemporary conservation paradigm envision pastoralists as an asset rather than a threat to biodiversity conservation and recognize grazing and fire as ecological disturbances vital to the maintenance of biodiversity. Greater inclusion of rangelands and sustainable pastoralism within global conservation frameworks has high potential to enhance attainment of global biodiversity targets.The organizational support of the IYRP Global Alliance and Biodiversity working group, and constructive comments of two reviewers are gratefully acknowledged
Dyslexia: a window into the cortical mechanisms of adaptive speech analysis
Full text linkPublished online on 21st January, 2026.Atypical phonological processing is at the core of developmental dyslexia and is linked to aberrant tracking and analysis of auditory information in the cortex. Despite the importance of these mechanisms for speech processing and linguistic development, oral language comprehension in dyslexia remains largely intact. Recent findings suggest that dyslexia-linked atypical cortical processing patterns reflect both underlying deficits and compensatory strategies. This review synthesizes recent evidence linking atypical cortical tracking of auditory information in dyslexia, language development, and neurocognitive mechanisms of adaptive and resilient speech comprehension. We propose hemispheric rebalancing of linguistic analysis as a key compensatory mechanism in dyslexia, supported by interhemispheric connectivity within the distributed bilateral language network and greater reliance on lexico-semantic features during speech processing.A.K-G. acknowledges support from internal funding for pump-prime research from the University of Aberdeen and support and networking opportunities provided by Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE). M.B. acknowledges support from the Cambridge Language Sciences Incubator funds and the Isaac Newton Trust. N.M. and M.L. acknowledge support from the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program, funded by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. N.M. acknowledges funding from the ERC Advanced Grant Cortical Rhythms and financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grants PID2022-136991NB-I00, PCI2022-135031-2, and PDC2022-133917-I00) and the IKUR initiative. M.L. acknowledges funding from the ERC Consolidator Grant BIBALANCE and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2022-136989OB-I00)
Clean vehicle ownership: Implications for effective policy interventions
Full text linkThe transport sector's increasing greenhouse gas emissions pose a critical challenge to efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper examines the factors influencing electric and hybrid vehicle ownership in Spain, while assessing the effectiveness of the MOVES Plan, the primary policy designed to encourage their adoption. Using seldom available revealed preferences data from the 2021 Survey of Essential Characteristics of the Population and Housing (ECEPOV-21) and a mixed logit model, key determinants of clean vehicle ownership are identified, highlighting an access gap driven by factors such as income, education level, or urban residence. The joint analysis of these results and the MOVES Plan shows that the current structure of the subsidies disproportionately benefits wealthier, urban, and highly educated households. Policy implications are discussed, providing recommendations for refining the design of the subsidy to support a more equitable and widespread adoption of clean vehicles.The authors acknowledge financial support from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through Grants PID2020-113650RB-I00 and PID2023-147981OB-I00, the Basque Government through Grant IT1508-22 (UPV/EHU Econometrics Research Group) and the María de Maeztu Excellence Unit 2023-2027 Ref. CEX2021-001201-M, funded by ICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program. The authors also thank Clàudia Rodés-Bachs for her assistance with computational aspects of the simulation
Linkages between Caribbean hydroclimate, atmospheric CO2, and methane production on orbital to millennial timescales
No full textWe present the oldest speleothem isotope record from Central America and the Caribbean, a high-resolution stalagmite (“Katún”) spanning discontinuously ∼198–322 ka BP, that documents hydroclimate variability across glacial–interglacial and millennial timescales. Katún δ18O covaries significantly with atmospheric CO2 and CH4, and multivariate analyses show that CO2 + CH4 together explain more variance in δ18O than either gas alone. Consistent with a CO2-mediated SST mechanism, Katún δ18O correlates with tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific SST reconstructions, indicating that radiative forcing influenced Caribbean precipitation primarily through tropical surface warming. At millennial scales, Katún δ18O tracks North Atlantic variability: it aligns with CH4 peaks associated with Greenland D–O cycles and with detrital proxies of Heinrich-type ice-rafting, implicating AMOC-paced ITCZ shifts and SST-driven convection as key controls. A weak Katún–Cariaco Mo relationship highlights proxy sensitivities and argues against ITCZ migration as the sole driver. In contrast to Asian monsoon archives, Katún shows little precessional insolation imprint, emphasizing the dominance of internal ocean–atmosphere dynamics (AMOC, SSTs) in regulating Caribbean hydroclimate and modulating tropical wetland methane emissions during MIS 7–9.This project was supported by M. Medina-Elizalde and S. Burns P2C2 NSF Grant # 2102983. U-Th dating was partially supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (111-2116-M-002-022-MY3), the National Taiwan University, Taiwan (112L894202), and the Higher Education Sprout Project of the Ministry of Education, Taiwan (110L901001 and 110L8907)
An EEG correlation framework to study state anxiety and learning under uncertainty
No full textPublished on 12th February, 2026.Objective. Recent developments in computational neuroscience have shed light on the neural processes underlying altered decision-making under uncertainty in anxiety. These disruptions are partly attributed to impaired encoding of precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs), which guide belief updating during learning and decision-making, as described by hierarchical Bayesian models. In this paper, we introduce a gamified paradigm for collecting decision-making data, together with a framework for extracting EEG features linked to computationally relevant variables, drawing on principles from neurofeedback and brain-computer interface research. This approach aims to develop tools that target functionally meaningful brain networks involved in decision-making, with the potetntial to inform future neurofeedback interactions. Approach. Forty healthy participants performed a volatile decision-making task in a game-based, immersive environment. EEG data were analysed to identify spatial filters whose theta- and alpha-band power correlated with pwPEs and state anxiety scores. Both intra-subject (trial-wise pwPEs) and inter-subject (state anxiety) analyses were conducted to uncover distinct neural signatures. Main results. The intra-subject analysis revealed that pwPEs were significantly and positively correlated with theta power, and significantly and negatively correlated with alpha power—supporting the hypothesis that these oscillatory patterns underlie belief updating. In contrast, the inter-subject analysis showed that higher state anxiety was associated with reduced theta and increased alpha power, consistent with attenuated learning and impaired adaptation in anxious individuals. These findings align with theoretical models of hierarchical Bayesian inference and prior evidence of anxiety-related disruptions in uncertainty processing. Significance. The findings validate the proposed EEG framework for identifying neural markers related to belief updating and anxiety-related learning impairments. This approach lays the foundation for personalized neurofeedback procedures that target maladaptive decision-making in anxiety, with the added benefit of using immersive task paradigms for better engagement and translational potential for real-world applications.This research is supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program and by the BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 funded by the Spanish State Research Agency and through projects PID2020-118829RB-I00 and PRE2021-099863 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Research and Innovation
Letrak di-da! Letrak gogoratzeko, modelatzeko eta azkar egiteko programa
No full textPrograma honen helburua, letrak gogoratzen, modelatzen eta azkar egiten erakustea da, nazioarteko ebidentziak kontuan hartuz. 8 saioko esku-hartzea da (saio bakoitza ordu erdikoa, 4 ordu orotara). Lehen Hezkuntzako 2. eta 3. mailako 5 haurrekin landu zuen egileak eskola batean, 2019. urtean eta emaitzak oso onak izan ziren