125,206 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
EID-based sliding mode investment policy design for fuzzy stochastic jump financial systems
No full textThis paper proposes a sliding mode investment policy design for nonlinear stochastic financial systems which can be represented by the well-known Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. When modeling the financial systems, it is more important to consider the unpredictable investment changes and worldwide unpredictable events which can be regarded as external disturbances. The equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach combined with sliding mode investment policy design is implemented to reject the unpredictable investment changes for having better investment. Moreover, the Luenberger state observer is constructed for the addressed financial system to estimate the unpredictable investment changes and worldwide unpredictable events. More precisely, a sliding mode investment policy design is developed by solving the obtained linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based constrained algorithm. Finally, the obtained results of the addressed fuzzy stochastic financial system are verified through numerical simulation to show efficiency of the proposed sliding mode investment policy design
Co-stimulatory molecules : genes to protein in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders
No full textCo‐stimulatory molecules are antigen‐independent generators of secondary signals which aid in maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. The most extensively studied co‐stimulatory pathway is CD28/CTLA‐4, expressed on the T cells, interacting with CD80/CD86, expressed on the antigen presenting cells (APC). The interaction between CD28 and CD80/CD86 initiates the activation of T cells, whereas subsequent interaction between CTLA‐4 and CD80/CD86 inhibits the activated T lymphocytes. Also, there exist several other co‐stimulatory pathways. The co‐stimulatory molecules analyzed, in this study are B7H3, CD28, CD80, CD86, CTLA‐4, PD‐1, PD‐L1 and PD‐L2.This study involves both with genetic associations and protein expression of co‐stimulatory molecules (either stimulatory or inhibitory) in case‐control and population‐based studies. In the case‐control study, we categorized two types of model diseases: 1) the B‐cell induced autoantibody mediated disease, myasthenia gravis (MG) and 2) the T‐cell mediated inflammatory diseases, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In the population based study, we have selected subjects aged above 70 in the county of Uppsala, Sweden.At the genetic level, the key role of inhibitory receptors, B7H3 and Programmed Death‐1 (PD‐1), were evaluated in MG. No significant differences in genotype frequencies or allele frequencies in MG patients when compared with controls were found. The study, with PD‐ 1, was extended at mRNA and protein expression levels. Though we could not demonstrate any significant differences at mRNA levels, there was an increased expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 on T cells and monocytes, respectively. This demonstrates the existence regulatory mechanism behind MG.The soluble (s) forms of co‐stimulatory molecules sCD28, sCD80, sCD86, sCTLA‐4 were evaluated in patients with AAA and in general population. We could demonstrate increased circulating levels of soluble forms of CD28, CD86 and decreased levels of soluble forms of CTLA‐4 among AAA patients when compared with controls. In the general population, levels of soluble forms of co‐stimulatory molecules were positively related to pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IFN‐γ and chemokines such as IL‐8, but inversely related to CC chemokine, MCP‐1. We could not demonstrate any direct relation of soluble co‐stimulatory molecules to adhesion molecules and other atherosclerotic factors. The detection of soluble forms of PD‐1 could be demonstrated neither in the patients with MG nor in the controls.In conclusion, we suggest that the co‐stimulatory molecules have a significant impact on the status of the immune activation behind the two types of disorders. Therefore, we suggest that sCD28, sCD80, sCD86, sCTLA‐4 could be used as biomarkers for evaluating the process of inflammation. Furthermore, our study suggests a natural regulation of MG through the interaction between PD‐1/PD‐L1.List of scientific papersI. Sakthivel P, Wang X, Gharizadeh B, Giscombe R, Pirskanen R, Nyren P, Lefvert AK (2006). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the B7H3 gene are not associated with human autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Genet. 85(3): 217-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17406098 II. Sakthivel P, Shively V, Kakoulidou M, Pearce W, Lefvert AK (2007). The soluble forms of CD28, CD86 and CTLA-4 constitute possible immunological markers in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Intern Med. 261(4): 399-407. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17391115 III. Sakthivel P, Wermeling F, Gu M, Hulthe J, Elmgren A, Kakoulidou M, Lefvert AK. Lind L (2007). Soluble CD28, CD80, CD86 and CTLA ]4 are related to CRP and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in elderly Caucasians. [Submitted]IV. Sakthivel P, Ramanujam R, Wang XB, Pirskanen Matell, Lefvert AK (2007). Programmed Death ]1: from gene to protein in autoimmune human myasthenia gravis. Journal of Neuroimmunology. [Accepted] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18037500 </p
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Y chromosome microdeletions in sperm DNA of infertile patients from Tamil Nadu, south India
No full textContext: Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men of Tamil Nadu, South India.
Aim: The paper assesses the association of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile patients using several STS markers from each AZF (AZoospermic Factor) region and also aspires to determine whether the blood DNA microdeletion picture matches the semen DNA Yq microdeletion map.
Materials and Methods: A total of 287 men, including 147 infertile men and 140 normozoospermic fertile controls were included for the study.
Results: Screening 72 semen samples with the STS markers specific to AZF (a,b,c) regions showed Y chromosome microdeletions in 19 (12.9%) individuals. No deletion was observed in all the three AZF regions by screening 45 blood and 30 paired samples. None of the control men showed deletion for the 28 STS markers, which were used for the primary screening of the deletion of AZF a,b,c regions.
Conclusion: Germ cell DNA can be analyzed for Yq microdeletions rather than blood DNA
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B0→K∗0γ )/B(B0s→φγ ) and the directCP asymmetry inB 0→K∗0γ
No full textThe ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0→K⁎0γ and B0s→ϕγ has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7TeV. The value obtained is
B(B0→K⁎0γ)B(B0s→ϕγ)=1.23±0.06(stat.)±0.04(syst.)±0.10(fs/fd),
where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for B(B0→K⁎0γ), the branching fraction B(B0s→ϕγ) is measured to be (3.5±0.4)×10−5.
The direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be
ACP(B0→K⁎0γ)=(0.8±1.7(stat.)±0.9(syst.))%.
Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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