18 research outputs found
Preventive maintenance plan in the sections of mechanization and metalistería of the company penagos hermanos & cia ltda.6
No full textEste estudio tiene como finalidad aumentar la eficiencia y efectividad de las secciones de mecanizado y metalistería de la empresa PENAGOS HERMANOS & CIA Ltda. Por medio de una herramienta computarizada, analizamos el estado de los equipos, con el objetivo de reducir los tiempos de paradas de la producción, aumentar los procesos productivos y la calidad de los procesos de las áreas de mecanizado y metalistería. Se realiza la implementación de un plan de mantenimiento, primero se clasifica la sección y luego las respectivas maquinas, mediante el estudio de cada una de las maquinas podemos definir su hoja de vida, su probabilidad de fallas y paradas, las ordenes de trabajo que tienen pendiente las maquinas, sus cronogramas de producción, entre otras funciones importantes de producción. Este sistema computarizado será instalado en las secciones de estudio como lo son el área de mecanizado y metalistería, el cual será ejecutado por el ingeniero encargado, él se encargara de gestionar las ordenes de mantenimiento como lo son la hoja de vida, la orden de trabajo, los indicadores por medio de los cuales se observa disponibilidad de las maquinas, herramientas, proveedores, orden de compra; todo esto se realiza desde la misma plataforma del software. 4PregradoIngeniero MecánicoThis study aims to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining and metalworking sections of the company PENAGOS HERMANOS & CIA Ltda. Through a computerized tool, we analyze the state of the equipment, with the aim of reducing the downtimes of Production, increase the production processes and the quality of the processes in the areas of machining and metalwork. The implementation of a maintenance plan is done, first the section is classified and then the respective machines, through the study of each of the machines we can define their resume, their probability of failures and stops, the work orders they have Pending the machines, their schedules of production, among other important functions of production. This computerized system will be installed in the study sections such as the area of machining and metalwork, which will be executed by the engineer in charge, he will be in charge of managing the maintenance orders such as the resume, work order, The indicators by means of which the availability of the machines, tools, suppliers, purchase order is observed; All this is done from the same software platform.
Differential patterns in comparative education discourse
No full textThis dissertation study argues that 'policy advice formation', as a discourse development, is a differentiated hybrid resultant from merger between comparative education and policy studies disciplines. Through discourse analysis based on John Creswell's format, this study identifies revisions, restatements and shifts in emphasis of theories, methodological models and challenge topics of comparative education and policy studies. Findings which display the development of policy advice formation' discourse. In conclusion, this study found differential patterns seemingly formed because of collaborative affects of standardization in education science knowledge expressed within discourse
Análisis geotécnico para la estabilización de la plataforma conformada sobre el talud para la construcción de los pilotes y dado del eje 2 puentes el tablazo, mediante el método de equilibrio límite utilizando Gen Hoek Brown y elementos finitoscarga de gravedad
No full text140 p. CdINTRODUCCIÓN.............................................................................................................1
JUSTIFICACIÓN..............................................................................................................2
OBJETIVOS ....................................................................................................................3
1. MÉTODO DE EQUILIBRIO LÍMITE..........................................................................4
1.1. Características método equilibrio límite....................................................................4
1.2. Comparación de los diversos métodos.....................................................................5
1.3. (Método de equilibrio limite) MEL programa slide.....................................................7
1.3.1. Esquemas mediante análisis en slide MEL. .......................................................8
1.4. Factores de seguridad y criterios de aceptación ....................................................22
2. MÉTODO GEN HOEK BROWN - PROGRAMA SLIDE.........................................24
2.1. Criterio de rotura de Hoek – Brown generalizado (Edición 2002) (1) ....................25
2.2. Aplicabilidad criterio de rotura de Hoek-Brown -macizos rocosos (4)....................28
2.3. Estimación de los parámetros del Mohr- Coulomb del macizo a partir del criterio de
rotura de Hoek-Brown. (1) .............................................................................................31
2.3.1. Túneles.............................................................................................................32
2.3.2. Taludes.............................................................................................................33
2.4. Clasificaciones geomecánicas................................................................................33
2.5. Metodología hoek brown(5) ....................................................................................38
3. MÉTODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS- PLAXIS .....................................................43
3.1. Esquemas mediante análisis con plaxis. ................................................................43
4. DEFINICIÓN CASO PARA ANÁLISIS: ..................................................................61
4.1. Localización de proyecto ........................................................................................61
4.2. Geología regional y local ........................................................................................62
4.3. Hidrología e hidráulica............................................................................................64
4.3.1. Características climatológicas ..........................................................................64
4.4. Antecedentes..........................................................................................................66
4.5. Modelo conceptual .................................................................................................67
4.5.1. Sondeo y ensayos de campo y laboratorio.......................................................70
PROYECTO DE GRADO
4.5.2. Parámetros geomateriales................................................................................72
4.5.3. Parámetros del macizo rocoso .........................................................................76
4.6. Parámetros para modelo geotécnico......................................................................77
4.6.1. Parámetros según diversos autores .................................................................79
5. ANÁLISIS MODELO GEOTECNICO SLIDE..........................................................94
5.1. Análisis MEL sección circular/no circular................................................................94
5.2. Análisis de sensibilidad MEL-SLIDE.....................................................................103
5.3. Análisis Probabilístico MEL-SLIDE.......................................................................105
6. ANÁLISIS GEN HOEK-BROWN – SLIDE ............................................................106
7. ANÁLISIS MODELO GEOTECNICO PLAXIS ......................................................111
8. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES – EN EDICIÓN...............................127
9. RECOMENDACIONES ........................................................................................128
10. Bibliografía............................................................................................................130Ej. 1EspecializaciónEspecialista en Geotecnia Ambienta
V Congreso Internacional de Investigación y III Reunión de Semilleros
No full textInvestigaciones presentadas en el marco del congreso internacional de investigación y III reunion de semilleros
Maraviroc for previously treated patients with R5 HIV-1 infection
No full textBackground CC chemokine receptor 5 antagonists are a new class of antiretroviral agents.Methods We conducted two double- blind, placebo- controlled, phase 3 studies - Maraviroc versus Optimized Therapy in Viremic Antiretroviral Treatment- Experienced Patients ( MOTIVATE) 1 and MOTIVATE 2 - with patients who had R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV- 1) only. They had been treated with or had resistance to three antiretroviral- drug classes and had HIV- 1 RNA levels of more than 5000 copies per milliliter. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three antiretroviral regimens consisting of maraviroc once daily, maraviroc twice daily, or placebo, each of which included optimized background therapy ( OBT) based on treatment history and drug- resistance testing. Safety and efficacy were assessed after 48 weeks.Results A total of 1049 patients received the randomly assigned study drug; the mean baseline HIV- 1 RNA level was 72,400 copies per milliliter, and the median CD4 cell count was 169 per cubic millimeter. At 48 weeks, in both studies, the mean change in HIV- 1 RNA from baseline was greater with maraviroc than with placebo: - 1.66 and - 1.82 log(10) copies per milliliter with the once- daily and twice- daily regimens, respectively, versus - 0.80 with placebo in MOTIVATE 1, and - 1.72 and - 1.87 log(10) copies per milliliter, respectively, versus - 0.76 with placebo in MOTIVATE 2. More patients receiving maraviroc once or twice daily had HIV- 1 RNA levels of less than 50 copies per milliliter ( 42% and 47%, respectively, vs. 16% in the placebo group in MOTIVATE 1; 45% in both maraviroc groups vs. 18% in MOTIVATE 2; P< 0.001 for both comparisons in each study). The change from baseline in CD4 counts was also greater with maraviroc once or twice daily than with placebo ( increases of 113 and 122 per cubic millimeter, respectively, vs. 54 in MOTIVATE 1; increases of 122 and 128 per cubic millimeter, respectively, vs. 69 in MOTIVATE 2; P< 0.001 for both comparisons in each study). Frequencies of adverse events were similar among the groups.Conclusions Maraviroc, as compared with placebo, resulted in significantly greater suppression of HIV- 1 and greater increases in CD4 cell counts at 48 weeks in previously treated patients with R5 HIV- 1 who were receiving OBT. (ClinicalTrials. gov numbers, NCT00098306 and NCT00098722.)
La antijuridicidad material en el delito de cohecho por dar u ofrecer
No full textLa corrupción en Colombia es uno de los fenómenos que con mayor impacto ha afectado la administración pública. El legislador colombiano ha buscado de diferentes formas proteger la función pública, inclusive adoptando un catálogo de delitos, frente a conductas que le puedan afectar. Uno de ellos es el cohecho por dar u ofrecer, que de acuerdo con el artículo 407 del Código Penal, comprende la acción de quien ofrece o da dinero a un servidor público, con el propósito de sobornarle1.
Este delito está destinado a proteger la función pública de quien intenta “sobornar” a una autoridad pública para que ésta retrase alguna de sus funciones, omita hacerlas u obstaculice las mismas. El objeto material de protección de la ley penal, en el caso del cohecho por dar u ofrecer es la imparcialidad e igualdad en el ejercicio de la función pública, y el cumplimiento de los fines de la misma.
Ahora bien, los actos de corrupción pueden ser variados en sus formas de presentación, la igual que su impacto en la función pública. Se pueden presentar formas de cohecho por dar u ofrecer donde la lesión del bien jurídico es de alto impacto, como en los casos de corrupción en los que se ve afectada o desviada la función pública en favor de particulares donde se involucran sumas de dinero considerables; o puede presentarse cuando se le ofrece o da una servidor público sumas irrisorias para que éste prescinda de ejecutar alguna función que está a su cargo, como por ejemplo cuando una persona es detenida y dispuesta para la realización del examen de alcoholemia y el servidor público prescinde del cumplimiento de su deber, a causa de que el interesado da una dinero para evitar la realización de la prueba.Universidad Libre – Facultad de Derecho – Maestría en Derecho Pena
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
No full textBACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
No full textBACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo
Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis
No full textBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791
Summary for Policymakers: A Report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
No full textThis summary of the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was compiled to describe the current state of understanding of the climate system as it was when the document was written in 2001. It provides estimates of the climate system's projected future evolution and the uncertainties associated with these projections. The report includes information on expected changes in the atmosphere and in snow and ice cover and ocean behavior. Cross-references to appropriate sections of the full Third Assessment Report are also provided. Educational levels: General public, Graduate or professional
