12 research outputs found
Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of PSP Digital Intraoral Receptor Software Options in Assessment of Vertical Fractures of Mandibular Posterior Teeth: The Effects of Digital Image Processing Options on Detection of Vertical Root Fracture
No full textObjectives Root fracture detection may be a challenging process due to difficulties in clinical and radiographic assessments. This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of Photostimulable Phosphor (PSP) intraoral digital receptor software alternatives for detection of vertical fractures in mandibular posterior teeth.
Methods In this diagnostic research, 60 human mandibular posterior teeth were chosen. Vertical fracture was induced on half of teeth using a hammer through a random method. Thereafter, the broken pieces were glued together using a superglue, and placed inside a sheep mandible. Next, utilizing a digital intraoral technique and a PSP sensor, radiographic images of every tooth were taken. All radiographies were then subjected to computer adjustments such as sharpening, reverse-contrast, and enhancement. Three radiologists investigated the images of teeth after application of computer adjustments regarding existence of fracture. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.
Results Among processed images, sharpness had the highest accuracy (89.3%) followed by enhancement (89%), and reverse-contrast (87%). Statistically, no significant difference was observed in diagnosis of vertical fractures of mandibular posterior teeth regarding sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, as well as positive and negative predictive value among main images (no effect) and the images on which sharpness, reverse-contrast, and enhancement by software were applied (P-value>0.05). For intra-observer agreement, Kappa value > 0.70 and for inter-observer agreement, kappa value=0.50-0.7 were found.
Conclusion Usage of sharpness, reverse-contrast, and enhancement software had no significant impact in diagnosing vertical root fracture of multi-rooted teeth (P-value>0.05).
Politics and Health in Iran: Isolation or Liberation?
No full textThis study seeks to understand both mainstream and alternative views of the health care system in Iran. The author critically analyzes resources from Western media, international organizations, and Iranian government documents, and interviews selected Iranians working in the health care industry. A mainstream view holds that, due to sanctions and global isolation, Iran’s health care system is weakened through inadequate access to pharmaceuticals and modern technology. An alternative view suggests that there are underlying advantages from having minimal imperialist ties and foreign control over Iran’s economy and resources. The author suggests that the real issue is not a struggle between the Global North and the Global South, but rather one of the ruling class versus the people
Ecos de uma tradição : a ideia de decadência na obra Epitoma Rei Militaris, de Flavius Vegetius Renatus
No full textO presente trabalho “Ecos de uma tradição: a ideia de decadência na obra Epitoma Rei Militaris, de Flavius Vegetius Renatus” analisa os escritos desse autor romano dos séculos IV-V d.C., cujo tratado pretendia servir como base para uma reforma no exército imperial. Procuro compreender o funcionamento da ideia de decadência em sua obra, partindo da noção de formação discursiva, desenvolvida por Michel Foucault. A partir dessa problemática, os enunciados, objetos, estratégias e conceitos que compõem e constroem o discurso da decadência são descritos. Na medida em que são analisados os autores fontes de Vegetius, os enunciados são ligados a uma tradição decadentista. O objetivo final desta pesquisa é analisar o diálogo entre esta tradição e o uso dos enunciados na obra em questão.This work entitled “Echoes of a tradition: the idea of decadence in the work Epitoma Rei Militaris, of Flavius Vegetius Renatus” examines the writings of the said roman author of the fourth-fifth century A.D., whose treaty was intended to serve as the basis for a reform of the imperial army. I try to understand the operation of the idea of decadence in his work, based on the notion of discursive formation, developed by Michel Foucault. Based on this problematic, the statements, objects, strategies and concepts that compose and construct the discourse of decline are described. Throughout the analyzes of Vegetius and its sources the statements are linked to a decadent tradition. This research’s goal is to exam the dialogue between this tradition and the use of statements in the book in question
The Refugee Crisis and Structural Violence : The Case of Lesvos
No full textObjective: The so called ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015 has led many to pause and take a step back at what the timeline of migration has been in history. It is almost inevitable not to pay attention to what have been the causes of mass migration in history and how it continues to this day. There can be found a footprint of violence so deeply imbedded in systems that make a group leave what they call home. And it is certainly worth paying attention to what colonialism has brought for the whole world in the past centuries to date. The migrant crisis in Europe highlights the hidden structural violence that the EU imposes on others to save its borders from the ‘others’. Trapped in a vicious cycle of violence, the migrants flee violence only to find themselves in a different form of violence at their point of arrival. This thesis analyzes and finds trace of structural violence that has brought world to where it stands today in regards to the migration crisis.
Method: Personal observations, as well as semi-structured interviews were used in conjunction with notes from personal encounters with the refugee population the author worked with. The tools for the analysis of the macro level was done by researching the literature since it was not realistic and not possible to reach out to politicians who could be interviewed for their opinions in the time period available. Results: In the interviews, a common acknowledgement was in regards to camps’ living conditions, different treatment of ethnic groups and certain services provided to those groups. In personal observations as well as the literature analysis, it was found that policies were unjust towards certain countries and or groups of people. Conclusion: Acknowledging the history of colonialism, structural violence and its effects on the world, will allow for better understanding of the current crisis and will be a step towards deconstructing the remain of these systems for creating fairer policies and changing the receiving population’s perception on migration. Both in academia and policy making, there needs to be a revision and paradigm shift to better prevent certain movements, and to re-evaluate the current agreements and policies that are in effect towards certain countries and or nationalities
Fat as a Basic Taste: CD36 and its Role in Fat Taste
No full textabstract: Epidemiological studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases such as adult onset diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. In both humans and laboratory animals, high-fat diets have been shown to cause obesity. Increases in dietary fat lead to increased energy consumption and, consequently, significant increases in body fat content. CD36 has been implicated in fat perception, preference, and increased consumption, but it is yet to be tested using a behavior paradigm. To study the effect of CD36 on fat taste transmission and fat consumption, four CD36 knockout (experimental) mice and four Black 6 wildtype (control) mice underwent 20 days of fat preference and perception testing. Both groups of mice were exposed to foods with progressively increasing fat content (10%, 12.5%, 15% 17.5%, 20%, 45%) in order to assess the effect of CD36 on fat preference. Afterward, the mice were subjected to an aversive conditioning protocol designed to test the effect of CD36 on fat taste perception; development of a conditioned taste aversion was indicative of ability to taste fat. Especially, knockout mice exhibited diminished preference for and reduced consumption of fat during preference testing and were unable to identify fat taste as the conditioned stimulus during aversive conditioning. A repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction revealed a significant main effect of group on fat consumption, energy intake, and weight. Linear regression revealed CD36 status to account for a majority of observed variance in fat consumption across both phases of the experiment. These results implicate CD36 in fat taste perception and preference and add to the growing body of evidence suggesting fat as a primary taste.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Obesity Prevention and Management 201
LC-MS/MS Analysis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Sulforaphane
No full textabstract: Sulforaphane(SFN)isanisothiocyanate(ITC)derivedfromcruciferousvegetables,suchas
broccoli,thatisgrowinginpopularityforitsantioxidantandanti-inflammatorycapabilities.
Furthermore,SFNhasbeendemonstratedtoimproverenalcancercarcinoma(RCC)treatment
outcomesinconjunctionwithmultipleotherformsoftherapy,whichisespeciallyimportant
consideringRCC’spoortherapeuticoutcomeswithchemotherapy.Theaimofthisstudywasto
determinetheeffectsofSFNonRCC invitro utilizingcellviabilityanalysisandLC/MS-MS
targetedmetabolicprofilingtorevealpathwaysresponsibleforSFN’spossibleenhancementof
chemotherapytreatmentinRCC.CCK-8resultsshowthat15 μMofSFNcausedasignificant(p
<0.05)increaseinRCCproliferation.Kruskal-Wallistestsrevealed16metabolitesinourcell,
and28inthemediumtobesignificant(p<0.05).Anorthogonalpartialleastsquares-discriminant
analysis,OPLS-DA,ofsignificantmetaboliteswasusedtocomparedtreatedandnon-treated
samplesforbothdatasetsandshoweda100%predictiveaccuracy(AUC=1).Enrichment
analysisdeterminedthatatotalof7metabolicpathwaysweresignificantlyenriched(VLCFA
β-oxidation,glutamatemetabolism,theureacycle,ammoniarecycling,glycine/serine,alanine,
andglucose-alaninecycle).Pathwayanalysisshowedhistidinemetabolismtobetheonly
significantlyaffectedpathwaybetweenbothdatasets.SFN-inducedmetaboliccharacteristics
foundinRCCwereconsistentwithknownantioxidantandanti-inflammatorypathways.Ourdata
suggeststhatthetherapeuticmechanismsofSFNarelikelyduetointeractionswithTandNKT
cellsthatprotectthemfromoxidativestress.Futureexperimentsregardingantioxidantresearch
incancershouldbecompletely invivo,asopposedto invitro, inordertomaintainthenatural
physiology of cancer cells in the presence of host immune cells
Correlation between the Thickness and Anterior-Posterior Width of the Masseter Muscle in Ultrasonography with the Intermolar Width in Maxilla and Mandible
No full textObjective(s): The interplay between masticatory muscle function and dental arch size holds considerable significance within the discipline of orthodontics. This research endeavored to quantify masseter muscle dimensions via ultrasonography (USG) and subsequently analyze their correlative relationship with dental arch width. Methods: 45 participants were enrolled in this cross sectional study, stratified by gender and age cohorts. Bilateral USG assessments, utilizing a 7.5 MHz linear transducer, were conducted to quantify masseter muscle thickness and anterior-posterior (AP) width during both relaxed and clenched states. Intermolar width was determined through direct measurement with a metal caliper on dental casts of the maxillary and mandibular arches. Independent samples t-tests were employed to analyze mean differences between male and female subjects. The association between masseter muscle dimensions (thickness and width) and intermolar width was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient, as appropriate at p<0.05. Results: The study cohort comprised 20 females and 25 males within the age range of 16 to 30 years. Statistically significant sexual dimorphism was observed, with males demonstrating substantially greater masseter muscle thickness and AP width compared to females in both relaxed and clenched states (p < 0.001). Consistent with expectations, males demonstrated statistically significant greater intermolar widths in both the maxilla and mandible (p < 0.001). Across the entire study population, a statistically significant positive correlation was identified between masseter muscle thickness and intermolar width (p < 0.05). Specifically, individuals exhibiting larger masseter muscle dimensions presented with correspondingly increased intermolar widths in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, when these variables were stratified by gender or age group, no statistically significant correlations were observed (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:USG is validated as a safe and reproducible technique for the objective measurement of masseter muscle thickness
Venezuela: salud y política, un relato descontextualizado
No full textIntroduction: It is repetitive to observe publications on the behavior of COVID 19 in Venezuela that mix health aspects with a political and social crisis in Venezuela; which takes reality out of context and prevents the reader from acquiring truthful information about the complex health-disease process in Venezuela. Objective: To analyze the scientific publications that associate the political context with the behavior of COVID 19 in Venezuela. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out on published information that related health conditions with the current political and economic situation in Venezuela, between the years 2019 and 2021. A classification was made according to type of article, authors, institution and country of affiliation, journals, funding sources, and number of citations or downloads. Results: A total of 20 articles were found, of which 7 were research articles, 5 reviews, 4 correspondence and 4 information articles. The author with the highest number of publications was Paniz et al., followed by Ramírez et al. The country of affiliation of 45% (9) of the main authors is the USA; 4 authors work in Venezuelan institutions and 3 in Colombia. The Lancet is the journal where most articles were published (6), followed by journals from the Public Library of Science (PLoS) group (3) and Emerging Infectious Diseases (2). Conclusions: Decontextualizing the political crisis in Venezuela does not contribute to providing solutions to the public health problems that Venezuelans face today. DeCS: COVID-19/complications; HEALTH-DISEASE PROCESS; BIBLIOMETRICS; ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS; VENEZUELA.Introducción: Es reiterativo observar publicaciones sobre el comportamiento de la COVID 19 que entremezclan aspectos sanitarios con una crisis política y social en Venezuela; lo cual descontextualiza la realidad e impiden al lector la adquisición de información veraz sobre el complejo proceso salud-enfermedad en ese país. Objetivo: Analizar las publicaciones científicas que asocian al contexto político al comportamiento de la COVID 19 en Venezuela. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed sobre información publicada que relacionara las condiciones sanitarias con la situación política y económica actual de Venezuela, entre los años 2019 a 2021. Se realizó una clasificación según tipo de artículo, autores, institución y país de afiliación, revistas, fuentes de financiamiento y número de citas o descargas. Resultados: Se hallaron un total de 20 artículos, de los cuales siete eran artículos de investigación, cinco revisiones, cuatro correspondencias y cuatro artículos de información. El autor con mayor número de publicaciones fue Paniz et al., seguido por Ramírez et al. El país de afiliación del 45 % (9) de los autores principales es EE.UU.; cuatro autores trabajan en instituciones venezolanas y tres en Colombia. The Lancet es la revista donde se publicaron la mayoría de los artículos (6), seguida de revistas del grupo Public Library of Science (PLoS) (3) y Emerging Infectious Diseases (2). Conclusiones: El descontextualizar la crisis política en Venezuela no contribuye a aportar soluciones a los problemas de salud pública que enfrentan los venezolanos en la actualidad. DeCS: COVID-19/complicaciones; PROCESO SALUD-ENFERMEDAD; BIBLIOMETRÍA; PUBLICACIONES ELECTRÓNICAS; VENEZUELA
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System dynamics modeling of lake water management under climate change
No full textThis is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordAvailability of data and materials:
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Code availability:
The codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Lake Urmia, the twentieth largest lake in the world, is the most valuable aquatic ecosystem in Iran. The lake water level has decreased in recent years due to human activities and climate change. Several studies have highlighted the significant roles of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the shrinkage of the lake. Management policies for water resources harvesting must be adopted to adapt to climate change and avoid the consequent problems stemming from the drought affecting Lake Urmia, and rationing must be applied to the upstream water demands. This study analyzes strategies and evaluates their effectiveness in overcoming the Urmia Lake crisis. Specifically, system dynamics analysis was performed for simulating the water volume of Lake Urmia, and the Hadley Centre coupled model was applied to project surface temperature and precipitation for two future periods: 2021-2050 and 2051-2080. Six management scenarios were considered for decreasing the allocation of agricultural water demand corresponding to two options: (1) one-reservoir option (Bukan reservoir only), and (2) six-reservoir option. The net inflow of Urmia Lake was simulated for the two future periods with the IHACRES model and with artificial neural network models under the six management scenarios. The annual average volumes of Lake Urmia would be 30 × 109 and 12 × 109 m3 over the first and second future periods, respectively, without considering the management scenarios. The lake volumes would rise by about 50% and 75% for the first and second periods, respectively under the management scenarios that involve strict protective measures and elimination of the effect of all dams and their reservoirs. Implementing strict measures would increase the annual average lake volume to 21 × 109 m3 in the second period; yet, this volume would be less than the long-term average and strategic volume. The human water use would be completely eliminated under Scenario 6. Nevertheless, Lake Urmia would experience a considerable loss of storage because of drought.Iran National Science Foundation (INSF
Latin America: Situation and preparedness facing the multi-country human monkeypox outbreak
No full textFundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas. Faculty of Medicine. Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina. Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia / Universidad Científica del Sur. Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Lima, Peru / Latin American network of Monkeypox Virus Research. Pereira, Risaralda, ColombiaUniversity of Buenos Aires. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Hospital Britanico de Buenos Aires. Servicio de Infectología. Buenos Aires, Argentina.University of Buenos Aires. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Buenos Aires, Argentina / Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muniz. Buenos Aires, Argentina.University of Buenos Aires. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Buenos Aires, Argentina / Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muniz. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Hospital Clínico Viedma. Cochabamba, Bolivia.Gobierno Autonomo Municipal de Cochabamba. Secretaría de Salud. Centros de Salud de Primer Nivel. Direction. Cochabamba, Bolivia.Franz Tamayo University. National Research Coordination. La Paz, Bolivia.Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Botucatu Medical School.
Infectious Diseases Department. São Paulo, SP, Brazil / Brazilian Society for Infectious Diseases. Sãao Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Epidemiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas. São Paulo, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Centro de Referencia de Salud Dr. Salvador Allende Gossens. Policlínico Neurología.
Unidad Procedimientos. Santiago de Chile, Chile.Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. School of Medicine. Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Santiago de Chile, Chile.Universidad Austral de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Salud Publica. Valdivia, Chile.Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de San Fernando. San Fernando, VI Region, Chile.Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas. Faculty of Medicine. Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina. Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Department of Pediatrics. Bogota, DC, Colombia / Hospital Pediatrico La Misericordia. Division of Infectious Diseases. Bogota, DC, Colombia.Hemera Unidad de Infectología IPS SAS. Bogota, Colombia.Hospital San Vicente Fundacion. Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia.Clinica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud. Cali, Colombia / Universidad Santiago de Cali. Cali, Colombia / Clinica de Occidente. Cali, Colombia / Clinica Sebastian de Belalcazar. Valle del Cauca, Colombia.National Institute of Gastroenterology. Epidemiology Unit. La Habana, CubaHospital Salvador Bienvenido Gautier. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra. Santiago, Dominican Republic.International University of Ecuador. School of Medicine. Quito, Ecuador.Universidad Tecnica de Ambato. Ambato, Ecuador.Hospital Roosevelt. Guatemala City, Guatemala.Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras. Faculty of Medical Sciences. School of Medical. Unit of Scientific Research. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Hospital Infantil de Mexico. Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico.Hospital General de Tijuana. Departamento de Infectología. Tijuana, Mexico.Hospital General de Tijuana. Departamento de Infectología. Tijuana, Mexico.Asociacion de Microbiólogos y Químicos Clínicos de Nicaragua. Managua, Nicaragua.Hospital Santo Tomas. Medicine Department-Infectious Diseases Service. Panama City, Panama / Instituto Oncologico Nacional. Panama city, Panama.University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix. Division of Endocrinology. Department of Medicine. Phoenix, AZ, USA / Indian School Rd. Phoenix, AZ, USA.Dirección Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Dirección de Investigación. Asunción, Paraguay.Universidad Nacional de Asuncion. Faculty of Medical Sciences. Division of Dermatology. Asuncion, Paraguay.Instituto Nacional de Salud del Nino San Borja. Infectious Diseases Division. Lima, Peru /
Universidad Privada de Tacna. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Tacna, Peru.Universidad San Juan Bautista. Lima, Peru.Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Vicerrectorado de Investigación. Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud. Lima, Peru.Hospital Evangelico de Montevideo. Montevideo, Uruguay.Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Molecular and Cell-based Medicine. Department of Pathology. Molecular Microbiology Laboratory. New York, USA / Universidad del Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR. Bogota, Colombia.Hospital Evangélico de Montevideo. Montevideo, Uruguay / Venezuelan Science Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network. Infectious Diseases Research Branch. Cabudare, Lara, Venezuela.Universidad Central de Venezuela. Faculty of Medicine. Caracas, Venezuela.Universidad Central de Venezuela. Faculty of Medicine. Caracas, Venezuela / Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute. Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.Universidad Central de Venezuela. Tropical Medicine Institute, Infectious Diseases Section. Caracas, Venezuela.Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud. Clinical Research Department. Investigador SNI Senacyt Panama. Panama City, Panama
