390 research outputs found
Problematika Beragama di Indonesia: Potret Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Otoritas Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia
Get PDFThis study focused on the assessment of public perception on fatwa of The Council of Indonesian ‘Ulama’ (MUI) about the religious cult in Indonesia who has become quite intense public debate. Various responses to that fatwa, on the one side create a religious life in Indonesia more dynamic, but on the other side, the public misunderstanding to the status of a fatwa making religious life became disturbed. This research included in the qualitative research tradition. The main characteristic of this research is the way of observation and data collection performed in the background or natural setting, Based on the results of research in the field, the public perception on fatwa of The Council of Indonesian‘Ulama’ (MUI) inferential into three views: First, exclusive category, those in support to the fatwa with all the consequences (taken for granted). Second, inclusive-moderate category, those in support to the fatwa with record does not affect to the civil rights who has been deceive. Third, inclusive-extreme category, those who refuse for any reason (apriori).Key words : Religious problems, public perception, fatwa authorit
The making of the fatwa
Get PDFThis article examines the kind of expertise that is provided by Muslim actors specialized in Islamic Law (muftis) to their coreligionists in Europe. It seeks to understand how the production of this expertise (the fatwa) is organized and managed, and to what extent it is shaped by policy discourses in the West. The article thus seeks to fill a relative gap in the scholarship on Islam in Europe which has often reduced fatwas to ahistorical and fundamentalist rhetorics. Taking the European Council for Fatwa and Reseach as a case study, the author describes the settings, actors and logics of the production of fatwas in the European context.Cet article examine le type d'expertise publique produite en Europe par des acteurs musulmans spécialisés dans le droit musulman (muftis). Il explore la façon dont la production d'une fatwa est organisée dans un contexte (post-)migratoire, et l'impact que le discours politique et médiatique à propos de l'islam a sur cette production. Il cherche à combler un vide relatif dans la recherche sur l'islam en Europe qui a souvent réduit la fatwa à une rhétorique a-historique et fondamentaliste. En prenant le Conseil européen de la fatwa et de la recherche comme exemple, l'auteur décrit ainsi les cadres, les acteurs et les logiques de production de la fatwa dans le contexte européen.Este artículo examina el tipo de pericias públicas producidas en Europa por actores musulmanes especializados en el derecho musulmán (muftis). Se explora la manera en que la producción de una fatwa se organiza en un contexto (post-)migratorio, y el impacto que el discurso político y mediático a propósito del Islam tiene sobre esta producción. El artículo intenta llenar un vacío relativo en la investigación sobre el Islam en Europa, que ha reducido a menudo la fatwa a una retórica a-histórica y fundamentalista. Tomando el Consejo europeo de la fatwa y de la investigación como ejemplo, el autor describe así los marcos, los actores y las lógicas de producción de la fatwa en el contexto europeo
FATWA DALAM SEJARAH POLITIK IRAN
Get PDFRecently, the study of political Islam are generally still deals with the debate about the most ideal political system which should apply. Some choose to discuss on how the implementation of the Islamic system in modern society is relatively more pluralist and secular. Therefore, not to get hung up on a similar discussion, the author is interested in reviewing one of the state which experience has managed to implement a system of political Islam in this modern era, namely Iran. With the political system of velayat al-faqih who interpreted from the perspective of Shiaideology as the country’s main imamiyah, Iran deserves further examined particularly associated several implementations of Islamic concepts that have been instituted in such a way in the political system. The author sees a one political concept that has the highest authority in Iran’s political system is at once part of the concept of religion isinteresting when and discussed. The concept is a fatwa which previously only was one topic of discussion in the study of jurisprudence, not affecting politics at all. Then, at this time, the treatise the author wanted to expose in a dialectical-historical account of how the emergence of the fatwa as an important part of the political system in Iran.Keywords: Iran, the shi’i al-Imamiyah, velayat faqih, fatwa, rahba
Studi Fatwa Majelis Tafsir Al-Qur'an Menggunakan Hermeneutika Negosiatif
Get PDFAbstractMTA’s fatwa regarding the permissibility of menstruating woman to read the Qur’an on the basic of the QS. Al-WÄqi'ah: 79 contradicts the fatwa of previous scholars which uses the same basis and contradicts the thinking of the majority of society. From this problem, it apperas that MTA as a literal group has produced a liberal fatwa. Liberalism is synonymous with the belief that the original Al-Qur'an only exists in Lawh Al-Mahfudz. This kind of belief is in line with MTA's understanding of the word Al-Muthohharun (holy people) in QS. AL-Waqi'ah: 79. According to their interpretation, this word only applies to angels as intermediaries for the descent of the Qur'an. So that menstruating women are allowed to read the Qur'an because there is no explicit argument against it. This opinion shows freedom in concluding the meaning of the verse by relying solely on reason. for this reason, the author examines it more deeply into a thesis. Negotiative hermeneutics is used as an approach because it has implication for balancing the dialegical relationship of hermeneutics elements and keep the reader away from the result of authoritarian interpretations. The main issues that will be examined are as follows: 1. Why does the MTA as a literal religious institution offer a liberal fatwa by allowing menstruating woman to read the Qur’an? 2. How is negotiative hermeneutics analysis of the MTA fatwa regarding the ability of menstruating woman to read the Qur’an? The author conducts library research. The author collects data using documents. The author analyzes the data inductively by organizing and describing the data, than synthesizes using negotiative hermeneutics and makes conclusions. From this research, it can be concluded that MTA is trapped in a takwil wic is not accordance with the takwil rules and exercises freedom of tought. In terms of negotiative hermeneutics, The MTA fatwa is an authoritarian one. Because MTA still dominates the elements of interpretation, wich result in the neglect of God’s authority. AbstrakFatwa MTA tentang kebolehan wanita haid membaca Al-Qur’an dengan dasar QS. Al-WÄqi’ah:79 berseberangan dengan fatwa ulama terdahulu yang menggunakan dasar yang sama. Masalah tersebut mengakibatkan fatwa MTA dinilai bertentangan dengan pemikiran mayoritas masyarakat dan muncul dugaan bahwa MTA sebagai kelompok literalis telah menghasilkan fatwa liberal. Liberal identik dengan keyakinan bahwa Al-Qur’an asli hanya ada di Lauh Al-Mahfudz. Keyakinan semacam ini senada dengan pemahaman MTA terhadap kata Al-Muthohharun (orang-orang yang suci) dalam QS. AL-Waqi’ah: 79. Menurut penafsiran mereka, kata tersebut hanya berlaku bagi malaikat sebagai perantara turunnya Al-Qur’an. Sehingga wanita haid diperbolehkan membaca Al-Qur’an karena tidak ada dalil eksplisit yang melarangnya. Pendapat ini menunjukkan kebebasan dalam menyimpulkan maksud dari ayat tersebut dengan mengandalkan akal semata. Untuk itu, penulis mengkajinya lebih dalam. Hermeneutika negosiatif digunakan sebagai pendekatan karena berimplikasi pada keseimbangan hubungan dialektis komponen hermeneutika dan menghindarkan pembaca dari hasil penafsiran otoriter. Pokok permasalahan yang akan dikaji sebagai berikut: 1. Mengapa MTA sebagai lembaga keagamaan yang literalis menwarakan fatwa liberal dengan memperbolehkan wanita haidh membaca Al-Qur’an? 2. Bagaimana analisis hermeneutika negosiatif Abou El Fadl terhadap fatwa MTA tentang kebolehan wanita haidh membaca Al-Qur’an? Penulis mengumpulkan data menggunakan dokumen. Penulis menganalisa data secara induktif dengan mengorganisasikan dan mendeskripsikan data, kemudian melakukan sintesa menggunakan hermeneutika negosiatif dan membuat kesimpulan. Penulis menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa MTA terjebak dalam upaya takwil namun tidak sesuai dengan kaidah takwil dan melakukan kebebasan berfikir. Dalam kacamata hermeneutika negosiatif, fatwa MTA tergolog otoriter. MTA sebagai pembaca masih medominasi unsur-unsur penafsiran, yang mengakibatkan pengabaian otoritas Tuhan
Fatwa KH. Ahmad Rifai Kalisalak tentang Opium dan Rokok di Jawa (Fatwa of KH. Ahmad Rifai Kalisalak on Opium and Smoking in the 19th Century Java)
No full textThe article explores the admonition and advice (read: legal opinion) of Ahmad Rifai on opium and smoking in a manuscript entitled Bahs al-‘Iftâ’ (Discussion of Fatwa). The discussion will be limited to this fatwa for several reasons. First, the fatwa is the most interesting issue compared to the other themes and topics found in the manuscript. Most of themes and topics pertain merely to the ritual issues and to advice about the ways things should be done, for example, how to conduct a pilgrimage, prayer, and fasting, on the one hand, and to the tasawuf issues, such as taubat, tawakkal, mujâhadah, and riyâ’, on the other hand. Second, the fatwa is more comprehensive, even though short, thus enabling a deeper investigation of the selected fatwa. The article will use the philology, history, and legal methods. First, it will provide the transliteration from Pegon (Javanese in Arabic character) into Latin character and translation from Javanese into Indonesian as a philological work. Then, the author will analyze the writing using a historical approach to place the text in its contexts, and to provide a historical background for the fatwa. Eventually, the author will discuss the fatwa from a legal perspective. The paper seeks to answer the questions: What is the legal opinion of Ahmad Rifai on opium and smoking? What circumstances drove him to issue such legal opinion? What are the distinctions of his fatwa that differ from other ulama? Which and what methods did Rifai use in issuing the above mentioned fatwa? The main contribution of this article is first to provide the original text of KH. Ahmad Rifai Kalisalak on smoking and opium. Second, the article reveals that he was the only ulama concerned with the issue of smoking and opium in the 19th Century Java
Metodologi Fatwa K.H. Muhammad Syaf’i Hadzami
Get PDFFatwa is one of the heavy mandates on the shoulders of Moslem scholars. There are some conditions that must be fulflled before the fatwa could be used to solve the problems of the people. Basically, the fatwa replaces the task of the Prophet in conveying the shari’a law, then the scholars did not dare to be reckless in declaring any fatwa. Therefore, being a mufti is not only required by reading the translation of al-Qur’an or Hadith, or by searching on the google, or by copying broadcasts in social media. According to al-Shirazi, the intellectual condition that must be required to be a mufti is deep understanding toward al-Qur’an and Hadith, also understanding sources of speech such as ḥaqîqah-majâz, ‘âmm-khâṣṣ, Arabic language, nâsikh-mansûkh, ijmâ’, ikhtilaf, and tartîb al-adillah. While the moral requirements to be a mufti according to Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal are having pure intention, having broad knowledge, patience, and soul, having strong mentality to fulfl the task, having suffciency of life to avoid being influenced by others, and understanding the condition of society. This paper attempts to examine the fatwas of a mufti from Betawi who had lived in the modern era known as Mu’allim Syaf’i Hadzami. The fatwas were collected in a work entitled Tawḍîḥ al-Adillah. In this article, the author has concluded that Mu’allim uses eight complementary and relevant fatwa methodologies to solve today’s problem
ANALISIS HUKUM CRYTOCURRENCY KAJIAN FIQH DAN FATWA-FATWA DI LUAR NEGERI
Get PDFCryptocurrency is the first application of blockchain technology, but the potential of this technology is not limited to the monetary system and its widespread adoption is still a worldwide topic causing many countries to hide this cryptocurrency. Here the author tries to assess crypto assets based on studies of fikih and fatwa abroad. In this study the authors used sociological legal research, this research method serves to see the law in a real sense and examine how the law works in society. To analyze existing theories, this study uses a conceptual approach to analyze existing theories so that solutions to legal problems can be found. The results in this study are that there are two thoughts, the first school of thought argues that cryptocurrencies can be used for payments, remittances, and storing assets as long as users know in detail the types of cryptocurrencies, the second opinion is prohibited in the eyes of Sharia because of excessive risks for individuals, countries and no clear laws. conclusions in this study. In the view of fikih scholars who allow it to refer to the understanding that fluctuations in crypto are not classified as gharar, especially for people who have cryptocurrency knowledge. from the results of the fatwa analysis of the permissibility of cryptocurrency, namely in Malaysia, LBM PWNU Yogyakarta Indonesia and in China in accordance with the fatwa and legal provisions, while those that prohibit it are in Middle Eastern countries and LBM PWNU East Java Indonesia.Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Fikih and Fatwa Studie
Analisis Fatwa di Indonesia tentang Kemahraman Akibat Donor ASI: Kajian terhadap Fatwa MUI, NU, dan Muhammadiyah
Get PDFThrough Government Regulation No. 33 of 2012 Article 11 on Exclusive Breastfeeding, it is known that breast milk donation is a legal act according to the law. Among its provisions is that it must be implemented in accordance with religious norms, including through fatwas. The fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) is widely used as a reference by the Indonesian people because of its status as a government organization, the fatwa of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and the fatwa of Muhammadiyah is also the same because the the two largest religious institutions in Indonesia. This article aims to discover the reality of breast milk donation in Indonesia and analyze the fatwas of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah on the permissibility of breast milk donation. The author uses a literature study method presented descriptively analytically of the fatwa content and istinbath used. The result of this article is that the views and fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah regarding the mahram status arising from breast milk donation, have some differences in legal istinbath and interpretations that exist in their views
Review of Al Qaradawi's fatwa "Islam and Democracy".
No full textThis paper assesses Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s fatwa, issued in '90s, titled: “Islam and Democracy” and in which the author offers clarifications on the compatibility of democracy with Islam. A topic that has been creating controversy for more than a century
Epistimologi Hukum Akad Perkawinan Online (Studi Tentang Fatwa MUI, Fatwa Bahtsul Masail NU dan Fatwa Majlis Tarjih Muhammadiyah)
Get PDFAbstract: Considering the current situation and the increasingly modern and practical development of technology, this greatly influences the way of life within the cultural traditions and habits of today‘s society. One of the impacts of this advanced and modern technology is the practice of marriage ceremonies conducted online via mobile phones, which are carried out remotely without being in the same place or gathering. This phenomenon raises concerns about the sanctity of the wedding ceremony. Based on this issue, questions arise regarding the epistemology of online marriage law, which has led organizations such as MUI, NU, and Muhammadiyah to issue their respective fatwas on the matter. In this study, the author uses a descriptive qualitative research method by selecting relevant data to serve as a basis for legal decision-making. According to the fatwa issued by MUI, an online marriage contract is deemed valid if it fulfills several specified requirements, one of which is the mandatory presence of an official marriage registrar and the proper recording of the marriage in front of witnesses.Keywords: Epistemology, Online Marriage Contract, MUI.Abstrak: Melihat situasi dan kondisi perkembangan teknologi yang semakin modern dan serba praktis, hal ini tentunya sangat memengaruhi seni berkehidupan dalam kultur budaya dan kebiasaan masyarakat saat ini. Salah satu dampak dari berkembangnya teknologi yang canggih dan modern adalah pelaksanaan prosesi perkawinan secara online melalui handphone (HP), yang dilakukan secara jarak jauh dan tidak dalam satu tempat atau majelis. Hal ini seakan-akan memengaruhi kesakralan acara prosesi pernikahan. Berdasarkan fenomena ini, muncul pertanyaan mengenai epistemologi hukum perkawinan online, yang kemudian ditanggapi oleh MUI, NU, dan Muhammadiyah melalui fatwa-fatwa yang mereka keluarkan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan menyeleksi data yang relevan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan hukum. Menurut fatwa MUI yang telah ditetapkan, hukum akad perkawinan secara online dinyatakan sah apabila memenuhi beberapa syarat yang telah ditentukan, salah satunya adalah keharusan adanya pendampingan dari petugas pencatatan perkawinan serta pencatatan yang sah di hadapan para saksi.Kata Kunci: Epistemologi, Akad Online, MUI
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