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ALIRAN BASRAH; SEJARAH LAHIR, TOKOH DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA
Get PDFSince Basra was a trading port for Iraq in the Arab Gulf, foreign influences that affected the
progress in the field of trade and investment. Here in this port, encounters occurred between
Arabs, Persians and Indians as well as between the religions of Christianity, Judaism, Majus
and Islam. The closeness between Basra and the Gandisabur school in Persia that studied the
Persian, Greek, and Indian culture has generated a mix of culture as a whole. During the
period of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, translation works on medical books were carried out by
Masir Haubah. The same thing was also undertaken by Abdullah al-Muqaffa’ who was fluent
in Arabic and Persian. He translated books on the Persian literature and history into Arabic.
From the son of Abdullah al-Muqaffa, Muhammad, the Arabic translation of Aristotle’s
science of logic Kalilah wa Dimnah was produced. There was also a Jewish translator
named Hunain Ibn Ishaq, who translated books and got rewards in the form of gold for each
weight of books he translated. In Basra, there was a school of Mu'tazilah that learnt the Greek
sciences. This strongly affected the school of sciences he learnt such as the science of kalam
and nahwu in terms of taqsim, ta’lil, ta’wil dan qiyas.</jats:p
Neologisasi dalam Bahasa Arab
Get PDFRealitas dominasi dan penjajahan Barat terhadap sebagian besar negara-negara Arab dan dunia Islam pada umumnya mengkibatkan timbulnya perasaan rendah diri bagi sebagian umat Islam dan penutur bahasa Arab. Muncul suara-suara sumbang di tengah penutur bahasa Arab sendiri, khususnya mereka yang sedang menekuni bahasa-bahasa Eropa ingin mereformasi bahasa Arab fusha. Mereka menganggap bahasa Arab fusha sudah tidak sanggup lagi bertahan hidup dan bersaing di tengah perkembagan ilmu dan teknologi. Mereka juga menganggap bahwa bahasa Arab fusha sebagai bahasa abad pertengahan yang sudah tidak layak lagi dipertahankan pada era moderen sekarang ini. Bahasa Arab fusha adalah bahasa klasik yang sangat sulit dipelajari dan dipraktikkan dalam percakapan sehari-hari baik oleh penutur bahasa Arab itu sendiri lebih-lebih yang bukan Arab. Hal ini terikat dengan tata bahasa (grammatical) yang sangat rumit dan terpaku pada i’rab. Para pembela bahasa Arab fusha, karena alasan keagamaan dan nasionalisme Arab tidak dapat menerima upaya pembaharuan bahasa Arab dengan jalan mengganti huruf-hurufnya menjadi huruf latin dan menolak penggalakan bahasa amiyah. Mereka menyadari akan pentingnya upaya-upaya inovasi dan pembaharuan dalam bahasa Arab bahkan mutlak diperlukan untuk mengembangkannya agar dapat mengikuti dan berpacu seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Namun bentuk pembaharuan itu bukanlah dengan cara mencampakkan bahasa Arab fusha melainkan dengan melalui cara dan proses penciptaan kata atau menggunakan kata-kata lama dengan arti baru untuk mengungkapkan ide-ide dan konsep-konsep baru dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi modern melalui bahsa Arab. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembentukan kata dan istilah baru (neologisasi) dalam bahasa Arab baik berupa kata kerja (fi’il) maupun kata benda (isim). Tujuan lainnya ialah untuk menjelaskan kaidah-kaidah yang digunakan dalam neologisasi bahasa Arab. Selain itu, penulis juga akan menguraikan proses morfofonemis kata kerja (fi’il) sesuai dengan tata bahasa Arab yang dianalisis menurut teori-teori sharaf (morfologi). Secara morfologis, proses pembentukan kata baru (neologisasi) dalam bahasa Arab yang diterapkan oleh lembaga bahasa Arab (majma’ al-lughah al-arabiyyah) adalah memalui tiga metode yaitu isytiqaq (derivasi) dari akar kata, kemudian naht yaitu kata singkatan yang merupakan gabungan dari dua kata atau lebih, dan yang terakhr ialah ta’rib yaitu kata asing yang diarabkan. Pembentukan kata bahasa Arab selalu diwarnai proses morfofonemis yang mencakup pertukaran fonem (ibdal), penghilangan fonem (tahzib) dan penambahan fonem (ziyadah)
Read and Write the Qur’an at Ma’had al-Jami’ah Policy Program, Learning Impact, and Effectiveness
Get PDFThis article discusses the reading and writing of the Qur'an policy program at Ma'had al-Jami'ah (College Student Boarding School) IAIN Pontianak. This paper used a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The author wants to see the effectiveness of implementing the Qur'an reading and writing policy that takes place among students. The respondents or informants in this study are stakeholders of Ma'had al-Jami'ah IAIN Pontianak, be it the rector of IAIN Pontianak, mudir (director) Ma'had al-Jami'ah, educators, and students. Data is obtained through interviews, observations, documentation, and surveys. Data collection through surveys complements interviews, observation, and documentation data. The survey was conducted with all students living in Ma'had al-Jami'ah, IAIN Pontianak. The results of this study show that the policy of reading and writing the Qur'an in Ma'had al-Jami'ah IAIN Pontianak is still oral or appealing. Based on the analysis used by the author indicates that the implementation of reading and writing the Qur'an is quite effective based on the following indicators: 1) program success, as evidenced by an increase in students who initially were in the red zone turning yellow and green. 2) The success of the target is reviewed from the initial filter through the Qur'an reading test in the red category. Following the Qur'an, reading and writing programs are required to be right on target. 3) Satisfaction with the program: the results of the 2022 student survey state that there is satisfaction with the reading and writing Qur'an program. 4) students' reports of the results of reading and writing the Quran prove the input and output levels
MENINGKATKAN MUTU INPUT PENDIDIKAN MELALUI PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN PELIBATAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL PADA LEMBAGA PESANTREN DAN MADRASAH DI PERBATASAN INDONESIA-MALAYSIA KECAMATAN SEKAYAM DAN ENTIKONG
Get PDFPengabdian kepada Masyarakat Berbasis Pesantren dan Madrasah ini dilandasi oleh permasalahan input pendidikan dari usur pendidik yang belum maksimal dalam menjankan tugas sebagi guru profesional di madrasah. Beberrapa masalah ditemukan, pertama guru belum memahami konsep dan bentuk desain pembelajaran abad 21 secara jelas, karakteristik pembelajaran abad 21, dan bentuk penilaian berbasis HOTS, kedua guru masih banyak yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis karya ilmiah karena belum banyak pengetahuan dan pengalaman menulis, ketiga selama lima tahun terakhir guru tidak mendapatkan kesempatan mengikuti pelatihan pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik dan profesional. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah melatih para guru madrasah di perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia kecamatan Sekayam dan Entikong dalam mendesain pembelajaran berorientasi pada keterampilan abad 21, dan penulisan karya ilmiah yang layak dipublikasi di jurnal. Dengan pelatihan ini diharapkan guru dapat meningkatkan mutu proses dan hasil belajar pada siswa. Melalui pelatihan karya tulis ilmiah guru dapat meningkatkan karir dan menjadi guru profesional yang mampu bersaing secara kompetitif. Pengabdian dilakukan dengan pendekatan Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) melalui lima tahapan yang terstruktur, yakni define, discovery, dream, design, dan delivery destiny. Luaran pengabdian ini adalah guru memiliki pengetahuan baru tentang desain pembelajaran abad 21, guru mampu menyusun rencana Praktik Pembelajaran secara benar, dan guru dapat menyusun soal HOTS. Selanjutnya luaran kegiatan tahap dua memberikan pengetahuan tentang penulisan karya ilmiah, mengetahui sistem sitasi menggunakan aplikasi mendeley, mampu melakukan submission artikel di jurnal online. Secara kualitas kegiatan telah memberikan layanan yang baik dan secara kuantitas seluruh rangkaian kegiatan pengabdian dinyatakan baik sekali atau puas oleh 25 peserta atau 100%. Temuan akhir bahwa masih banyak asset mitra pengabdian di pesantren dan madrasah perbatasan yang belum teraktualisasikan karena minimnya dukungan dari lembaga lain di kabupaten Sanggau
Inequality of Arabic Subjects in the General Education Curriculum in Indonesia
No full textThe objectives of this study are 1) to describe the fact of inequality of Arabic subjects in the curriculum as a compulsory subject at the upper secondary education level, 2) to determine the inequality factors of Arabic subjects in the general education curriculum, and 3) to determine the implications of inequality in Arabic as the main subject. Graduates of general education who proceed to Islamic religious universities often encounter challenges in mastering Arabic. This may occur due to the absence of Arabic language subjects during their high school years, compounded by Arabic not being a mandatory component of the general education curriculum. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research method. Data collection techniques include literature studies, and data analysis used are content analysis. The findings indicate that Arabic is not designated as a core subject in the national education curriculum for secondary education, highlighting the unequal treatment of Arabic within the Indonesian education system. This disparity's repercussion is evident in the challenges encountered by high school graduates when pursuing Arabic studies at Islamic Religious Colleges, stemming from struggles in grasping the fundamentals of the Arabic language. Arabic language learning in general education is only an elective subject in private schools affiliated with religious organizations. This results in students facing challenges in acquiring knowledge in Arabic and grappling with the complexities of learning Islam, particularly for Muslim students
Inequality of Arabic Subjects in the General Education Curriculum in Indonesia
Get PDFThe objectives of this study are 1) to describe the fact of inequality of Arabic subjects in the curriculum as a compulsory subject at the upper secondary education level, 2) to determine the inequality factors of Arabic subjects in the general education curriculum, and 3) to determine the implications of inequality in Arabic as the main subject. Graduates of general education who proceed to Islamic religious universities often encounter challenges in mastering Arabic. This may occur due to the absence of Arabic language subjects during their high school years, compounded by Arabic not being a mandatory component of the general education curriculum. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research method. Data collection techniques include literature studies, and data analysis used are content analysis. The findings indicate that Arabic is not designated as a core subject in the national education curriculum for secondary education, highlighting the unequal treatment of Arabic within the Indonesian education system. This disparity's repercussion is evident in the challenges encountered by high school graduates when pursuing Arabic studies at Islamic Religious Colleges, stemming from struggles in grasping the fundamentals of the Arabic language. Arabic language learning in general education is only an elective subject in private schools affiliated with religious organizations. This results in students facing challenges in acquiring knowledge in Arabic and grappling with the complexities of learning Islam, particularly for Muslim students
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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