1,720,958 research outputs found
Market Regulation and Innovation: Direct and Indirect Effects
No full textpeer reviewedThe effects of competition regulations on innovation are, in theory, ambiguous. Using a panel of twenty-five OECD countries over 1995–2015, we estimated how domestic and foreign competition affects innovation. Reducing regulation intensifies domestic and foreign competition, increasing R&D expenditure and patenting. Accounting for interaction between these two sources of product market competition, we find that domestic regulation directly led to growing R&D expenditure and patent production, whereas competition from foreign regulation influences innovation toward its effect on domestic competition
Crowd and the Gender Gap in Evaluating Entrepreneurship
No full textDoes relying on the crowd mitigate differences in evaluations between male-and femaleled entrepreneurial projects? Drawing on the wisdom of the crowd and the gender stereotype theory, I examine gender differences in crowd evaluations and the role of gender identity in assessing quality using data from an online platform. I find that female-led projects do not receive lower evaluation scores, but female evaluators are more supportive of female founders. However, a gender gap persists across sub-criteria, with male-led projects receiving higher scores on traits associated with masculine stereotypes, while female-led projects garner more support for traits aligned with feminine stereotypes.</div
Cluster and Local Science-Industry Collaborations: Evidence from a Place-based Innovation Policy
No full textPlace-based cluster policies have been widely adopted to foster regional innovation by promoting R&D collaborations. While previous research highlights the behavioral additionality of these policies, evidence regarding their effectiveness in fostering science-industry (S-I) collaborations remains limited. This paper examines the impact of the establishment of the French Competitive Cluster Program in 2005 on S-I collaborations. Leveraging a novel dataset of collaborative patents from 2000 to 2018, the results show that the cluster policy increases S-I collaborations within targeted regions. Additional analyses suggest that the effect is strongest in knowledge-intensive sectors and is associated with higher patent quality. Furthermore, the cluster policy induces a shift in innovative search strategies, with greater reliance on prior knowledge, suggesting a move toward incremental innovation. The findings contribute to the literature on the effectiveness of place-based cluster policies on science-industry collaborations and offer new insights into how to promote new collaborations through direct R&D subsidies and the diffusion of academic research into industrial applications
University-Industry Collaborations in European regions: the Effect of Business Cycle on diversification
No full textThis paper explores the effect of the business cycle on university-industry collaborations and technological diversification within 218 European regions from 1990 to 2018. I find that university-industry collaborations increase during economic expansions, with the most pronounced effects observed in the exploitation of technologies already known to the region. In contrast, the exploration of new technologies is also positively associated with economic growth, albeit to a lesser extent. The analysis further shows that the effects of R&D investments on university-industry collaborations vary by sector over phases of the business cycle: private sector R&D expenditures are countercyclical, driving collaboration during recessions, while government R&D spending is procyclical, supporting exploratory activities during economic booms
Crowd and the Gender Gap in Evaluating Entrepreneurship
No full textDoes relying on the crowd mitigate differences in evaluations between male-and femaleled entrepreneurial projects? Drawing on the wisdom of the crowd and the gender stereotype theory, I examine gender differences in crowd evaluations and the role of gender identity in assessing quality using data from an online platform. I find that female-led projects do not receive lower evaluation scores, but female evaluators are more supportive of female founders. However, a gender gap persists across sub-criteria, with male-led projects receiving higher scores on traits associated with masculine stereotypes, while female-led projects garner more support for traits aligned with feminine stereotypes.</div
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Innovation Performance and the Signal Effect: Evidence from a European Program
No full textThis paper seeks to estimate the effect of a European policy that subsidizes innovation investments. By carefully selecting observables, we compare recipients of the program with non-recipient firms to overcome the endogeneity of R&D grants. We conduct a difference-indifferences design on the universe of a unique firm-level dataset of European SMEs between 2008 and 2017. We find a significant effect of proof of concept grants, which implies an increase in the number of patent applications and the probability of patenting. There are positive impacts on credit financing, which suggest a signal effect to investors about the project quality of young firms
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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