Portail HAL ICN
Not a member yet
1712 research outputs found
Sort by
Organizational Barriers to the Operator 4.0, Operator 5.0 and Human-Centricity Paradigms: A Mixed Methods Study
No full textInternational audienceThis study addresses the limitations associated with the adoption of Operator 4.0, Operator 5.0, and human-centricity within manufacturing environments. Specifically, it examines the organizational barriers to the implementation of Operator 4.0, Operator 5.0, and the human-centricity paradigms. The study employed a mixed method, two-step Qualitative → Quantitative design where qualitative data analysis was integrated with advanced AI-based text-mining techniques. The findings indicate that the successful implementation of human-centricity necessitates addressing some fundamental organizational barriers, particularly those related to leadership approaches, operational efficiency, and the cognitive load of the operator. The results reveal that the most significant barriers are management-related, suggesting that technological solutions alone are insufficient without corresponding human-centric cultural changes. The categorization of organizational barriers into strong, moderate, and weak provides insight into the systemic and individual challenges that hinder the transition to a human-centric organization and the transition towards Operator 5.0 with a focus on the human-centric part
Designing Support Systems That Empower Entrepreneurs with Disabilities
No full textThe European Business ReviewEntrepreneurship is often promoted as a pathway to autonomy for people with disabilities, yet it frequently relies on fragile and informal support systems. This study shows how social, economic, and care-related dependencies shape entrepreneurial viability, calling for stable, co-designed support mechanisms that foster long-term autonomy rather than precarious independence
Ranking Big Data Analytics Micro-Foundations for the Resilience of Agri-Food Retailers: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Analysis Study
No full textInternational audienceThe agriculture industry needs resilience beyond the traditional reactive measures due to increasing disruptions. This study investigates social-ecological resilience capabilities and big data analytics (BDA) micro-foundations in the agri-food supply chain (AFSC) using a multiple-criteria decision analysis approach. Relying on the dynamic capabilities view, first, a fuzzy DANP approach was employed to validate and weight 19 key resilience capabilities, and, second, fuzzy VIKOR was used to rank the 14 BDA micro-foundations that most effectively support them. By consulting resilience experts to evaluate resilience capabilities on three levels of organizational, supply chain, and industry and testing the final model in one large food retailers, this study provides a framework for managers to devise actionable plans to develop resilience using BDA. The findings suggest risk-aware culture, adaptability, and collaboration as the most important capabilities and agility, adaptability, and compliance flexibility as capabilities with the most influence on other capabilities. Finally, using BDA micro-foundations to sense the market and devise data-driven solutions were the most critical for the case of the large food retailer
Water losses: A productivity analysis of the water supply in Portugal
No full textInternational audienceEnvironmental concerns have increasingly influenced production processes, particularly in recent years, as natural resources become progressively scarce. Among these, water remains the most critical resource, further exacerbated by climate change and its associated challenges, such as frequent droughts, especially in warm and mild-climate regions like Southern Europe. This study analyzes the performance of the Portuguese water supply sector, focusing on a sample of 116 water utilities between 2013 and 2021, representing diverse geographic and management structures. The production process is conceptualized as a non-linear joint-production process, incorporating water losses as an undesirable output within performance evaluations. By applying exponential Hicks-Moorsteen and Malmquist indices within a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis framework, this study provides an assessment of the efficiency and productivity trends in the sector. The findings offer insights into how Portuguese water utilities manage resources under environmental and infrastructural constraints, with a focus on reducing water losses and enhancing sustainable practices
Servant leadership and employee socially responsible behavior: The role of employee psychological entitlement
No full textInternational audienceThis research investigates the interactive effect of servant leadership and employee psychological entitlement on socially responsible behavior (SRB) among employees. Specifically, we build on social learning theory to hypothesize that employee psychological entitlement, an individual trait reflecting an excessive self-oriented focus, undermines the positive effects of servant leadership on employee prosocial motivation, and in turn, SRB. Results from a multi-source field study (N = 240) support our predictions, and highlight the detrimental role of employee psychological entitlement on the ability of organizational leaders to effectively promote the creation of social good through employee behavior
Transitioning to net Zero: Assessing the impacts on asset impairment, write-downs and the going concern of oil and gas companies operating in the UK
No full textInternational audienceIn June 2019, the UK government legislated a net zero target by 2050. This will directly impact the UK oil andgas industry. This study reports perceptions of key oil and gas professionals regarding the impact of transitioningto net zero on impairment, values, write-downs, and going concern in the UK oil and gas industry, as well asrequired net-zero-related disclosures. Data were collected through 22 interviews, two written responses to ourinterview questions, and disclosures made by oil and gas companies in their annual reports. We use conservatismand stakeholder theory to inform our results. Our findings confirm there will be serious impacts of the transitionto net zero on impairments, asset write-downs, and on the value and going concern of several oil and gascompanies. However, these impacts will not fall equally across the industry, and it is likely therefore thatstakeholders will be affected differently. Our results contribute, first, to the debate on the impacts of the transitionto net zero on key accounting measures of oil and gas companies; second, we identify risks associated withthe transition to net zero for these companies and their stakeholders, and we classify the at-risk oil and gascompanies operating in the UK; third, we present a collection of disclosure items deemed necessary by our interviewees.Our specified disclosure items may complement those of the Task Force on Climate-related FinancialDisclosures (TCFD) and the Transition Plan Taskforce (TPT)
Émergence et organisation d'un lieu créatif dans le middleground : accélération, effet collatéral et masse critique
No full textInternational audienceThe relationship between territorial concentration and dynamism in the creative industries has been highlighted and studied extensively. The role of places or organizations in a territory's creative dynamism has been analyzed with the notion of middleground. These crucial intermediary groups connect informal communities with institutionalized players. This chapter discusses the dynamics of the emergence and organization of a place within the middleground. We study the case of POUSH, a place located in Paris suburbs renting studios to artists and providing spaces dedicated to artistic exhibition. Our research sheds light on the internal dynamics of the middleground. As fruitful interactions between players cannot be foreseen, the role of creative places is not to create them from scratch. Instead, they need to gather a critical mass of diverse players in a limited space. Such a hub creates an acceleration effect (increase in chances of fruitful partnerships) and a collateral effect (recognition of an artist by the institution benefits to the other artists in the creative place). Both trigger a virtuous circle of social perception: because enough players consider the place as creative, new players are attracted to the place.La relation entre la concentration territoriale et le dynamisme des industries créatives a été mise en évidence et étudiée de manière approfondie. Le rôle des lieux ou des organisations dans le dynamisme créatif d'un territoire a été analysé à l'aide de la notion de "middleground". Ces groupes intermédiaires cruciaux relient les communautés informelles aux acteurs institutionnalisés. Ce chapitre aborde les dynamiques d'émergence et d'organisation d'un lieu au sein du middleground. Nous étudions le cas de POUSH, un lieu situé en banlieue parisienne louant des ateliers à des artistes et proposant des espaces dédiés à l'exposition artistique. Notre recherche met en lumière les dynamiques internes du middleground. Comme il est impossible de prévoir les interactions fructueuses entre les acteurs, le rôle des lieux de création n'est pas de les créer de toutes pièces. Au contraire, ils doivent rassembler une masse critique d'acteurs divers dans un espace limité. Un tel pôle crée un effet d'accélération (augmentation des chances de partenariats fructueux) et un effet collatéral (la reconnaissance d'un artiste par l'institution profite aux autres artistes du lieu de création). Ces deux effets déclenchent un cercle vertueux de perception sociale : parce qu'un nombre suffisant d'acteurs considèrent le lieu comme créatif, de nouveaux acteurs y sont attirés
An unified framework for measuring environmentally-adjusted productivity change: Theoretical basis and empirical illustration
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims to define an unified framework to analyse environmentally-adjusted productivity change. Equivalence conditions for additive and multiplicative environmentally-adjusted productivity indicators and indices are highlighted. Besides, an empirical illustration is provided considering non parametric convex neutral by-production model
DeepSeek : entre enthousiasme et scepticisme, que disent les commentateurs sur les réseaux sociaux ?
No full text*En janvier 2025, le lancement de DeepSeek-R1, un chatbot open source chinois, a suscité un engouement similaire à celui de ChatGPT en 2022, alimentant débats en ligne et réactions sur les marchés financiers, en particulier américains. Les réactions émanent d’un public plus large que celui qui s’est approprié ChatGPT à ses débuts. Elles sont également contrastées, entre enthousiasme et inquiétude, mais pas forcément pour les mêmes raisons
The Underwater Forest of Posidonia oceanica: Recent Developments
No full textProject for a United Nations University Institute devoted to science and governance of the ocean and coasts.In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the conservation of Posidonia oceanica, a vital Mediterranean seagrass species. This policy brief presents a review of the most recent scientific knowledge, along with ongoing efforts to protect and restore its meadows - primarily illustrated through research and experimental work carried out in France. P. oceanica meadows, often called the “underwater forests”, form dense, leafy habitats that support rich marine biodiversity. Like their terrestrial counterparts, they provide shelter and food for numerous species, stabilise coastlines, and sequester significant amounts of carbon, contributing to climate change mitigation. Slow-growing and long-lived some clonal meadows are thousands of years-old, they are also highly vulnerable to human pressures such as anchoring, pollution, and coastal development. Protective measures include anchoring bans, eco-mooring systems, and marine protected area zoning, though enforcement remains uneven across regions. Innovative financing mechanisms, including blue carbon credit schemes, are emerging to support long-term conservation and sustainable local livelihoods