363 research outputs found
Interaction between characters in Heike monogatari dialogues: language forms and functions
No full textThis thesis examines language aspects of interaction in dialogue passages of Heike monogatari (The Tale of the Heike, 1371) focusing on the role of language forms in characterization. The main goal of the present study is to assess the role of language variation and analyze how it participates in construction of asymmetries in social status and power between characters. Selected dialogue data is divided into two groups according to the participants and the dominant context: political interaction at court and interaction involving religious matters. Analysis of language forms in each dialogue draws on research by Japanese scholars and covers a wide range of linguistic phenomena such as sound changes, lexical choices, and markers of politeness. Linguistic findings are intended to supplement recent studies of the literary, socio-political, and religious contexts for early medieval narratives. By selecting a specific language style for each interacting character, the author(s) constructed particular images that have shaped audience’s perceptions of the characters. This study brings attention to language variation and clarifies how the socio-political status of characters, their interpersonal relations, and attitudes toward each other are encoded in the language of Heike monogatari dialogues. As such, this study is perhaps the first attempt in English to adopt a sociolinguistic approach to a Japanese pre-modern text, focusing on language properties and shifts in style in Heike monogatari.Arts, Faculty ofAsian Studies, Department ofGraduat
Principle and method in the description in Japanese medieval proses, as presented in the Heike Monogatari
No full textpdfIt is not man as a person who is of prime interest to the author of medieval prose; rather it is the world view, the spiritual world, and the system of complicated feudal relationships, in which man finds himself, that he describes. The method of medieval literature can be defined as a kind of conscious idealization. In other words, the author sheds light on the complicated feudal hierarchy, and describes how man should be and act. D.S. Likhachev, scholar of medieval Russian literature and member of the Academy of Sciences, has given the name "literary etiquette" to this method. According to this "literary etiquette" the lord acts in accordance with his "lordly "nature, the priest in accordance with his "priestly "nature, and the vassal and retainer behave according to the standard of vassal and retainer. All of them are valued in accordance with their rank and degree. In the same manner, women are valued in accordance with the medieval ideals of mothers, wives, and lovers.
Most of the great herōes of the Heike Monogatari fit in with this view. For example, Kiyomori's eldest son Shigemori is equipped with all the noble virtues of this feudal, Confucian world view--manliness, sincerity, faithfulness, filial affection, religioas devotion, respect, etc. The general vassal and warrior is often described from only one of these aspects: he can be courageous or he can sacrifice his life for his lord and represent the personification of loyalty and faithfulness. It seems that the medieval author did not take any interest at all in other aspects of their characters. The same can be said about the women. Thier highest virtues are motherly love and wifely chastity.
The character of the human being in the medieval prose is static, the movements of his inner world are lacking, and mental troubles are not mentioned. Even if there is some change in the hero's mental attitude, this is always something sudden, influenced by incidental outer circumstances. It is not the result of a gradual inner development.
However, the Heike Monogatari is clearly different from the medieval prose of other countries. It describes the spiritual world of man in a more realistic way, it communicates the contradictory nature of his spiritual world, and it attempts to show him as the psychologically very complicated creature that he is. This is explained, in the main, by the following 2 reasons. First, the Heike Monogatari was written in the 13th century when the unique Heian literature with its insuperable psychological analyses of man's spiritual world already existed. Second, the Heike Monogatari was written while the memories of the events were still fresh. All its herōes had been authentic living people, thus no fictitious characters created by the author. They were remembered at the time, as were their deeds. For this reason the character and the behaviour of the actors of the drama at times contradict the feudal morality, that is, the so-called "literary etiquette".
Other qualities of the Heike Monogatari, for which it deserves highest praise, are its humanism and the supreme value that it affords man. These appear especially in the objects of art, pōetry, music, dance, and other human accomplishments that are lauded in the work. Without distinction of higt and low, everyone has equally his own value. This is brought forth by the herose, for example, Tomoakira in the Tomoakira saigo chapter and other places.
By showing sympathy and commiseration for all people who suffer and go to ruin and death, even though they are without sin and without guilt, and by harshly condemning cruelty, unjustice, and craftiness, the Heike Monogatari is truly a democratic and humanistic work; thus, it belongs not only to the Japanese literature but constitutes an enrichment of the world literature.conference pape
On Act-directive-Expressions observed in Kakuichi-bon Text of "Heike Monogatari"
No full textThis article is a part of the larger research on the diachronic transformation of internal structure of act-directive expressions in Japanese language. In this discussion, the author focused on Kakuichi-bon Text of Heike-Monogatari and pursued the following research questions. 1) As act-directive-expressions in Heike Monogatari, what kind of forms are observed? 2) Which functions of act-directive expressions does each form correspond with? 3) To comprehend the internal structure of act-directive expressions appeared in Heike-Monogatari. 4) Based on the above comprehension, to obtain the diachronic perspective of the transformation of the internal structure of act-directive expressions From the analysis of the text, it is found out that act-directive expressions did not have forms of expression until the Heian Period that clearly specified who was the recipient of benefits, the speaker or the hearer. Rather, the forms of expressions specified which of the speaker or the hearer had the decision of implementation of an act. It is also revealed that a noteworthy form of request, "te+tabe/tabasetamae" was being used during the Kamakura period. In relation to the absence of subsidiary verbs to express receiving benefits in the Heian period, beginning of the use of request form may have a close relationship with the development of expressions of benefit-receiving.国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化。departmental bulletin pape
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'From Our Own Correspondent: Authorial Commentary on the "Spectacles of War" in Homer and in the Tale of the Heike'
No full textLiterary representation of war and violence can and do excite the reader as 'spectator'. This raises moral questions such as whether or not such spectacles somehow 'corrupt' out mind. One possible area of mitigation of such influence on the reader is the commentary provided by the author. In the Iliad and the Tale of the Heike, a medieval Japanese epic, the author as our 'war correspondent' guides us through his commentary and shapes our view of the events described. The moral framework that emerges from these two worlds questions the value and meaning of war, aided by the authorial commentary
Annotated Czech Translation of Selected Chapters from "zeichnen heißt sehen"; Heike Kelter, Haupt, 2013.
No full textThe present bachelor's thesis consists of two parts. The first is a translation of selected chapters from a popular science book zeichnen heißt sehen written by German author and painter Heike Kelter. The objective here is to create a functionally equivalent translation from German to Czech. The second part represents a detailed analysis of this translation based on the model of German translation studies scholar Christiane Nord and her book Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1995). In addition, I deal with different translation methods and approaches, translation shifts and solutions of problems that I encountered in the course of the translation
Heike Freire, Educar en verde: a translation proposal.
No full textreservedLa traducción es un concepto muy complejo de definir y muchas son las definiciones que se han dado de la traducción durante los años. Hay autores que la consideran como una actividad entre lenguas, como una actividad textual, como un acto de comunicación, o como un proceso. Cuando hablamos de traducción, debemos tener en cuenta los tres rasgos que la caracterizan: ser un acto de comunicación, una operación entre textos y un proceso mental. La posición que el traductor debe adoptar durante su labor de traducción es doble: por una parte, es lector y destinatario del texto original y, por otra, se convierte en autor y transmisor del mismo texto en un contexto diferente. La autora Hurtado Albir propone una clasificación de la traducción distingüendo entre los tipos, las modalidades, las clases y los métodos de traducción. El objetivo de este estudio es proponer una traducción del español al italiano del libro “Educar en verde” escrito por la autora Heike Freire y analizar las herramientas utilizadas y los problemas encontrados durante la actividad traductora, así como las técnicas adoptadas para solucionarlos. En particular, los problemas encontrados han sido principalmente de tipo lingüísticos y extralingüísticos y las técnicas utilizadas han sido: la ampliación lingüística, la comprensión lingüística, la creación discursiva, la descripción, el equivalente acunado, la elisión, la generalización, la particularización, el préstamo y la transposición.Translation is a very complex concept to define and many definitions of translation have been given over the years. There are authors who consider it as an activity between languages, as a textual activity, as an act of communication, or as a process. When we talk about translation, we must bear in mind the three features that characterise it: it is an act of communication, an operation between texts and a mental process. The position that the translator must adopt during his translation work is twofold: on the one hand, he is a reader and addressee of the original text and, on the other hand, he becomes the author and transmitter of the same text in a different context. The author Hurtado Albir proposes a classification of translation, distinguishing between types, modalities, classes and methods of translation. The aim of this study is to propose a translation from Spanish into Italian of the book "Educar en verde" written by the author Heike Freire and to analyse the tools used and the problems encountered during the translation activity, as well as the techniques adopted to solve them. In particular, the problems encountered were mainly linguistic and extra-linguistic and the techniques used were: linguistic expansion, linguistic comprehension, discursive creation, description, cradled equivalent, elision, generalisation, particularisation, borrowing and transposition
Criteria for an efficient enforcement of standards in relation to cross compliance
No full textCross compliance has been introduced in the EU partly to improve compliance with pre-existing EU legislation in the Member States. Considerable effort has been put into implementing this instrument and the corresponding control systems. This presents an opportunity to assess factors for an efficient enforcement of standards and discuss these with regard to cross compliance. The paper characterizes the enforcement system connected with cross compliance in the EU and implications of interactions with the national control systems for specialized legislation. Economic theories on mechanisms and the behavior, which form the basis of controls, are applied to cross compliance in order to draw conclusions on the implementation of controls and sanctions. The potential contribution of cross compliance to an efficient enforcement of mandatory standards is critically discussed. In view of the insecure future of direct payments any further development of cross compliance within the EU should aim at increasing the effectiveness of the enforcement of legal standards and strengthen national specialized control systems in the long term.Cross compliance, control theory, efficiency, Farm Management,
How to Author a Walk: Henry David Thoreau’s and Mary Austin’s Regional Narratives of Environmental Learning
No full textOver the course of the last decade, Mary Austin has been recanonized as a regionalist woman writer and as an author in the Thoreauvian tradition of American nature writing. As a regionalist, Austin is thought to represent a female dominated branch of realist writing, given over to a feminist celebration of communal ways of life and “woman’s culture.“ A representative instance is her inclusion in the Norton Anthology American Women Regionalists“ (1992)
Bibliography of Kutiyattam
No full textThis is an edited, complemented and updated version of the bibliography initially published by Heike Moser as part of her PhD-thesis "Nannyar-Kuttu – ein Teilaspekt des Sanskrittheaterkomplexes Kutiyattam: Historische Entwicklung und performative Textumsetzung" (Harrassowitz) in 2008, pages 277-337. It contains the main literature published about Kerala’s Sanskrit theatre tradition Kutiyattam in the languages Malayalam, English, German, French, Italian, Russian and Polish; other languages like Japanese or Hebrew are not yet included (work in progress).
The concern of this online publication is to share the information gathered and make it accessible free of cost to everybody who is interested. It tries to collect the most important publications, but many will be still missing. To close these gaps all interested users are invited to add bibliographical references, to report mistakes by sending them to the author ([email protected]), and thus to contribute to an up to date and almost complete bibliography of the subject.
The bibliography will be updated at least once in a year.BIBLIOGRAPHY WIRD REGELMAESSIG AKTUALISIERT - ES IST IMMER DIE NEUESTE AUFLAGE VORHANDEN
Litteratur, utstilling og kommunikasjon: en samtale
No full textInformed by her competence in literature and the theory and practice of exhibitions, Heike Gfrereis is Head of the Museum Department at the Archive of German Literature in Marbach, and curator of many literary exhibitions. Helmut Neundlinger, curator of the W. H. Auden Memorial Museum in Kirchstetten, is a writer, researcher and critic working at the Center for Museum Collections Management at the Danube University Krems and the literary collection of Lower Austria. The following “exchange of knowledge” between them and two researchers in the TRAUM– Transforming Author Museums project took place in Oslo in 2019. We discuss the desire to exhibit literature and not only biography, how one can free oneself from objects and how objects can create freedom, how to unlearn received notions of literature, the importance of interaction and play, what can make authors difficult to exhibit, and the economic realities of exhibiting literature.Informed by her competence in literature and the theory and practice of exhibitions, Heike Gfrereis is Head of the Museum Department at the Archive of German Literature in Marbach, and curator of many literary exhibitions. Helmut Neundlinger, curator of the W. H. Auden Memorial Museum in Kirchstetten, is a writer, researcher and critic working at the Center for Museum Collections Management at the Danube University Krems and the literary collection of Lower Austria. The following “exchange of knowledge” between them and two researchers in the TRAUM– Transforming Author Museums project took place in Oslo in 2019. We discuss the desire to exhibit literature and not only biography, how one can free oneself from objects and how objects can create freedom, how to unlearn received notions of literature, the importance of interaction and play, what can make authors difficult to exhibit, and the economic realities of exhibiting literature
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