13 research outputs found
Interactive effects of losing key grazers and ecosystem engineers vary with environmental context
No full textLoss of biodiversity may cause significant changes to ecosystem structure and functioning. Evidence from long-term in situ removal experiments is rare but important in determining the effects of biodiversity loss against a background of environmental variation. Limpets and mussels are thought to be important in controlling community structure on wave-exposed shores in the UK: limpets as key grazers, mussels as ecosystem engineers. A long-term factorial removal experiment revealed interactive effects that varied between 2 shores in SW England. At one site (Harlyn), removing limpets caused a significant shift in community structure, but where limpets were lost, the presence or absence of mussels made little difference. Where limpets were present, however, the removal of mussels changed the structure and variability of the community. At the other site (Polzeath), the loss of mussels caused significant changes in community structure, and limpets played a less important role. At Harlyn, fucoid algae were abundant throughout the year. There were fewer algae at Polzeath, and cover was dominated by the summer bloom of ephemerals. At Harlyn, the limpets played a major role in controlling algae, but their effects were mediated by the presence of mussels. Other grazers were not able to fulfil their role. At Polzeath, mussels were far more important, and ephemeral algae grew on them regardless of the presence or loss of limpets. These findings emphasise the need to assess spatial and temporal variation in the effects of biodiversity loss and the importance of interactive effects of loss of multiple species from different functional groups
Forensic child and adolescent psychiatry
No full textBoth interdisciplinary and international in scope, Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry delivers an expansive overview of the current state of the field, covering the latest research, advancements and technological developments. This Seventh Edition has undergone an extensive revision process, including a comprehensive review of chapter outlines and two stages of critical review for each full chapter by the editorial team. In this edition, each author provides short video clips to give a taste of their chapter along with instructor slides for teaching and training. New chapters cover changes in science and the needs of children around the world, global threats including COVID-19, wars, and natural disasters, care in low-resource settings, diversity in relation to gender and sexual orientation and body dysmorphic disorder, as well as digital technology, detailing the growing interest in digital approaches to assessment and intervention. . Written by a team of expert editors and contributors, Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry discusses sample topics including: Diagnosis, diagnostic formulations and classifications of developmental psychopathology, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders and emotion, emotional regulation and emotional disorders Child maltreatment and sexual abuse as well as influences on psychopathology, including genetics, epigenetics, psychosocial adversity, parental psychiatric disorders and physical treatment Available treatments including parenting programs, cognitive behavioural therapy, family interventions and relationship-based treatments Contexts of clinical encounters, including refugee and asylum-seeking children, children affected by HIV/AIDS and children with specific sensory impairments The Seventh Edition of Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is an essential resource for all professionals working and learning in the fields of child and adolescent mental health and developmental psychopathology, along with clinicians working in primary care and paediatric settings
Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis Results: A Study Type of Knowledge Management Process at Malaysian University Libraries
No full textStructural equation modeling (SEM) is a versatile statistical modeling tool which uses in the social sciences research. Recently, in Library and Information Science (LIS) environment, structural equation modeling has gained popularity across many disciplines, due to its generality and flexibility. Its estimation techniques, modeling capabilities and breadth of application are expanding rapidly.This paper reported a structural equation modeling through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) result, which involves 300 lead users at six selected Malaysian university libraries through survey. The decision of how many factors to retain is a critical component of exploratory factor analysis. Evidence is presented that parallel analysis is one of the most accurate factor retention methods. SPSS 20 was utilized to analyze the factor analysis data. In this regards, the results of EFA could provide empirical evidence of each hypotheses construct. It is hoped that the EFA results could be used to level Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to perform full Structural Equation Modeling.© 2013 The Authors. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
The birth of a species and the validity of hybrid nomenclature demonstrated with a revision of hybrid taxa within Strombidae (Neostromboidae)
No full textSpeciation as a consequence of lineage reticulation is not
uncommon. A taxonomic and nomenclatural issue arises when a putative hybrid becomes established and is, therefore, in contention for species recognition. While giving a unique name to a hybrid may be acceptable under the codes that govern nomenclature, this does not address issue of whether it constitutes a valid species. We suggest that there are two classes of hybrids. The first type of hybrid is episodic and not consistently present through time and, although such taxa may have a definition and name, we contend that they
should not be considered species. The second type of hybrid is one that is indicative of a stable and continuing reticulation, where its definition and name identify and validate a reference point to enhance evolutionary explanation. We highlight that a conflict with the codes that govern functional nomenclature does not occur if the original author did not identify the taxon they were
describing as a hybrid. In spatiotemporally stable populations, we argue against the retrospective invalidation of an existing species based on gained insights into putative hybrid ancestry. Instead, hybrid ancestry should be treated as bringing casual understating to the evolution of an organism. In contrast, arguing for hybrid ancestry under the current rules at the time of describing a taxon is seen as presenting an argument for invalidation if the rules are applied in the strictest sense. Furthermore, we argue that the collapse of infrafamiliar taxa based on hybrid ancestry reduces the explanatory potential of the nomenclature. We present a case study in which names now attributed to
putative hybrids within Strombidae are considered for validation
Derived future meteorological datasets projected to 2016-2045 and 2036-2065 in Australian capital cities using CMIP5 models
No full text<p>Derived projected datasets for the eight Australian capital cities in 2016-2045 and 2036-2065, centred around 2030 and 2050, respectively. Projects used eight general circulation models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP]2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5. The scenarios were under Coupled Model Intercomparison Project [CMIP]5. The eight GCM models are ACCESS1-0, CESM1-CAM5, CNRM-CM5, CanESM2, GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-CC, MIROC5 and NorESM1-M, and are described online: https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/obtain-data/application-ready-data/eight-climate-models-data/. Only data from five GCMs are available for RCP2.6 and four for RCP6.0.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>For each city, seven*seven 5 km grids were extracted at grid centroids correlating to the centre of its central business district. These coordinates are in the file "City coordinate." The corresponding datasets for each city, RCP, GCM, time period, and meteorological variable are located in their respective city folder in the folder "future." The meteorological variables are relative humidity ("hurs"), solar radiation ("rsds"), average air temperature ("tas"), maximum air temperature "(tasmax") and minimum air temperature ("tasmin"). These were used to create derived .csv files also stored in the "future" folder, which in turn were used to create derived R datasets ("ccia_future.rda" and "ccia_future2.rda") combining all the datasets into one and creating additional meteorological indices using the available data. The R code used to create these datasets is included "CCiA data manipulation.R". It uses functions stored in the R code file "Climate functions.R". The additional meteorological indices include alternate humidity variables, apparent temperature variables and the Excess Heat Factor (EHF). The heatwave thresholds values used to calculate EHF (the 95th percentile of daily mean temperature from a reference period) per city are included in "barra_ehfr.R" and were calculated from a separate dataset (not included) derived from the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis (BARRA).</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>The original projected climate datasets were sourced from Climate Change in Australia (CCiA), published by the Commonwealth Science Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The original datasets are available online: <a href="https://data-cbr.csiro.au/thredds/catalog/catch_all/oa-aus5km/Climate_Change_in_Australia_User_Data/Application_Ready_Data_Gridded_Daily/catalog.html" target="_blank">https://data-cbr.csiro.au/thredds/catalog/catch_all/oa-aus5km/Climate_Change_in_Australia_User_Data/Application_Ready_Data_Gridded_Daily/catalog.html</a>. The license under which the data were used is available online: <a href="https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/overview/about-site/licences-and-acknowledgements/" target="_blank">https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/overview/about-site/licences-and-acknowledgements/.</a></p>
<p><br></p>
<p>I acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and thank the climate modelling groups (listed at <a href="https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/obtain-data/application-ready-data/eight-climate-models-data/" target="_blank">https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/obtain-data/application-ready-data/eight-climate-models-data/</a>) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Further information regarding these datasets and meteorological variables is listed in the author's PhD thesis, available online: <a href="https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/137773" target="_blank">https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/137773</a>. For any queries, please do not hesitate to contact the author: [email protected]. </p>
Derived future meteorological datasets projected to 2016-2045 and 2036-2065 in Australian capital cities using CMIP5 models
No full textDerived projected datasets for the eight Australian capital cities in 2016-2045 and 2036-2065, centred around 2030 and 2050, respectively. Projects used eight general circulation models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP]2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5. The scenarios were under Coupled Model Intercomparison Project [CMIP]5. The eight GCM models are ACCESS1-0, CESM1-CAM5, CNRM-CM5, CanESM2, GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-CC, MIROC5 and NorESM1-M, and are described online: https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/obtain-data/application-ready-data/eight-climate-models-data/. Only data from five GCMs are available for RCP2.6 and four for RCP6.0.
For each city, seven*seven 5 km grids were extracted at grid centroids correlating to the centre of its central business district. These coordinates are in the file "City coordinate." The corresponding datasets for each city, RCP, GCM, time period, and meteorological variable are located in their respective city folder in the folder "future." The meteorological variables are relative humidity ("hurs"), solar radiation ("rsds"), average air temperature ("tas"), maximum air temperature "(tasmax") and minimum air temperature ("tasmin"). These were used to create derived .csv files also stored in the "future" folder, which in turn were used to create derived R datasets ("ccia_future.rda" and "ccia_future2.rda") combining all the datasets into one and creating additional meteorological indices using the available data. The R code used to create these datasets is included "CCiA data manipulation.R". It uses functions stored in the R code file "Climate functions.R". The additional meteorological indices include alternate humidity variables, apparent temperature variables and the Excess Heat Factor (EHF). The heatwave thresholds values used to calculate EHF (the 95th percentile of daily mean temperature from a reference period) per city are included in "barra_ehfr.R" and were calculated from a separate dataset (not included) derived from the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis (BARRA).
The original projected climate datasets were sourced from Climate Change in Australia (CCiA), published by the Commonwealth Science Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The original datasets are available online: https://data-cbr.csiro.au/thredds/catalog/catch_all/oa-aus5km/Climate_Change_in_Australia_User_Data/Application_Ready_Data_Gridded_Daily/catalog.html. The license under which the data were used is available online: https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/overview/about-site/licences-and-acknowledgements/.
I acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and thank the climate modelling groups (listed at https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/obtain-data/application-ready-data/eight-climate-models-data/) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals.
Further information regarding these datasets and meteorological variables is listed in the author's PhD thesis, available online: https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/137773. For any queries, please do not hesitate to contact the author: [email protected]. </p
The Compliance with Intellectual Property Laws and their Enforcement in Jordan- A post-WTO Review & Analysis
No full textThis thesis examines the implementation, enforcement and evolution of IP laws and regulations in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The period of interest includes the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty first century, with emphasis on the role played by Free Trade Agreements struck between Jordan and the United States, the European Union, and Jordan’s accession to the World Trade Organization.
This thesis also examines the enforcement of the current set of IP laws in Jordan, and looks at their social and economic compatibility with the Jordanian societal norms and economic realities.
This thesis argues that Jordanian IP laws lack a meaningful social and economic texture, and have failed to be evenly enforced in Jordan, essentially because they do not fit the Jordanian culture and are not compatible with Jordan’s economic stage of development. Additionally, the thesis argues that IP laws have had insignificant economic impact on the Jordanian economy as the majority of technologies used in Jordan, and the majority of foreign direct investments attracted to Jordan, are not IP related. Finally, the thesis argues that the current Jordanian enforcement model, which is built on coercion by donor countries, is serving the interests of foreign companies to the exclusion of the local citizens, and will not, in the long run, produce an enforcement model based on self-regulation by Jordanians, themselves. The laws, therefore, are unable to produce tangible results for the Jordanian people, or help meet their economic interests.
The last part of the thesis deals with recommendations and suggestions aimed at creating an integrated approach to the adoption of IP policies
Framework de gestão do conhecimento para bibliotecas universitárias
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento, Florianópolis, 2015.As Bibliotecas Universitárias são instituições que têm a função de prover informações e conhecimentos aos seus usuários (comunidade universitária), porém suas atribuições têm se modificado em virtude de mudanças sociais e tecnológicas. A sociedade da informação e do conhecimento e a facilidade de disponibilização e acesso de informações nessa era digital têm caracterizado um ambiente instável e sujeito a mudanças. Por isso, identificou-se a necessidade de caracterizar e tratar as Bibliotecas Universitárias como Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos. Nesse sentido, para atender a essa demanda e inovar, as Bibliotecas Universitárias estão engajando-se em práticas de Gestão do Conhecimento, assim como em sua implementação. No entanto, essa tarefa requer estudo, conhecimento e, acima de tudo, muito trabalho. A ausência de modelos e ferramental específicos que trabalhem a Gestão do Conhecimento em Bibliotecas Universitárias de forma integrada e não apenas setores ou funções motivou a presente pesquisa. Esta tese de doutorado desenvolveu um framework, denominado GC@BU, com a proposta de apoiar a concepção e implantação da Gestão do Conhecimento em Bibliotecas Universitárias, partindo de uma abordagem dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos. O referido framework foi desenvolvido com base em abordagens existentes na literatura, das quais foram extraídas informações dos modelos conceituais e metodologias já existentes, procurando construir uma nova proposta que fosse capaz de dar conta da lacuna identificada na literatura para a concepção e implantação da Gestão do Conhecimento em Bibliotecas Universitárias. O GC@BU é composto por três módulos: Coordenação de Gestão do Conhecimento; Recursos de Conhecimento e Espaços de Conhecimento/Aprendizagem. Suas funções são bem definidas, como designam seus próprios nomes, porém são interligados e interdependentes. A avaliação do modelo foi realizada por três grupos focais na ocasião de um workshop organizado pela autora, com apoio da Biblioteca Universitária e do Departamento de Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento da UFSC. A avaliação ocorrida no ?I Workshop Gestão do Conhecimento em Bibliotecas Universitárias? demonstrou interesse dos gestores de bibliotecas pelo framework, mostrando a possibilidade de uso da ferramenta e agregando a esta pesquisa sugestões pontuais que foramimplementadas na versão final do GC@BU, entre elas: novo design do framework; inclusão de exemplos, proporcionando contextualização; estabelecimento de relacionamentos entre os elementos/módulos. Concluindo com a clareza de que o atendimento aos objetivos desta tese foi cumprido, reforçando a ideia de garantir a amplitude do papel das Bibliotecas Universitárias e sua importância no suporte à construção e gestão do conhecimento nas universidades, por meio da disponibilização do [email protected] : The University Libraries are institution with the purpose of providing information and knowledge to its users (the university community), however its assignments have been modified due to technological and social changes. The information and knowledge society and the ease availability and access to information in this digital era have characterized an unstable and changeable environment. Therefore, it has been identified the need to define and treat the University Libraries as Complex Adaptive Systems. Thus, to achieve this request and innovate, the University Libraries have been applying Knowledge Management practices, as well as its implementation. However, this task requires study, knowledge and, above all, hard work. What motivated this research was the absence of specific models and tools that use Knowledge Management in University Libraries in an integrated way, and not just its sectors or functions. This doctoral thesis has developed a framework, called GC@BU, with the proposal to support the design and implementation of Knowledge Management in University Libraries, starting from a Complex Adaptive Systems approach. This framework was developed based on existing approaches in the literature, of which conceptual models information and existing methodologies were extracted, seeking to build a new proposal that was capable to bridge the gap identified in the literature for the design and implementation of Management knowledge in University Libraries. The GC@BU consists of three modules: Knowledge Management Coordination; Knowledge Resources and Knowledge/ Learning Spaces. Its functions are well defined, as pointed by their names, but they are interconnected and interdependent. The model evaluation was performed by three focus groups on the occasion of a workshop organized by the author, with the support of the University Library and the Department of Knowledge Engineering and Management of UFSC (Federal University of Santa Catarina). This evaluation took place in the "1st Knowledge Management in University Libraries Workshop" and pointed out the interest of library managers in the framework, showing the possibility of tool usage and adding to this research specific suggestions that were implemented in the final version of the GC @ BU: including: new framework design; examples include providing context; establishing relationships between the elements / modules. Concluding with the clarity thatthe fulfillment of objectives of this thesis was completed, reinforcing the idea of ensuring the amplitude of the role of University Libraries and its importance in supporting the construction and management of knowledge in universities, by providing the GC @ BU
Cohort profile: The BangladEsh Longitudinal Investigation of Emerging Vascular and nonvascular Events (BELIEVE) cohort study
No full text\ua9 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. Purpose: Bangladesh has experienced a rapid epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in recent decades. There is, however, limited evidence about multidimensional determinants of NCDs in this population. The BangladEsh Longitudinal Investigation of Emerging Vascular and nonvascular Events (BELIEVE) study is a household-based prospective cohort study established to investigate biological, behavioural, environmental and broader determinants of NCDs. Participants: Between January 2016 and March 2020, 73 883 participants (aged 11 years or older) were recruited from 30 817 households across urban, urban-poor (\u27slum\u27) and rural settings in Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained personnel recording participants\u27 demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural, medical, environmental and other factors. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded for each participant. Biological specimens were collected and aliquoted for long-term storage and analysis. Findings to date: Of the 73 883 study participants (mean [SD] baseline age: 39 [15] years), 43 470 (59%) were females, and 38 848 (52%) had no or only primary-level education. Focusing only on the 65 822 adult participants aged 20-79 years at baseline, 15 411 (23%) reported being diagnosed with hypertension; 10 578 (16%) with type 2 diabetes and 7624 (12%) with hypercholesterolaemia. Age and sex-standardised prevalences of these conditions were much higher in urban than slum and rural settings. Overall, the mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 25 (5) kg/m 2, with 10 442 (16%) participants aged 20-79, classified as obese (ie, BMI≥30 kg/m 2). Mean BMI was also higher in urban than slum and rural areas. Future plans: The collection of information during the baseline visit was completed in 2020. Regular longitudinal follow-up is ongoing for ascertainment and adjudication of a range of fatal and non-fatal health outcomes among participants. This cohort will provide a powerful resource to investigate multidimensional determinants of incident NCDs across diverse settings in Bangladesh, helping to advance scientific discovery and public health action in an archetypal low-middle-income country with pressing public health needs
Towards the genetic basis of cerebral venous thrombosis—the BEAST Consortium:a study protocol
No full textIntroduction Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cerebrovascular condition accounting for <1% of all stroke cases and mainly affects young adults. Its genetic aetiology is not clearly elucidated.Methods and analysis To better understand the genetic basis of CVT, we have established an international biobank of CVT cases, Biorepository to Establish the Aetiology of Sinovenous Thrombosis (BEAST) which aims to recruit highly phenotyped cases initially of European descent and later from other populations. To date we have recruited 745 CVT cases from 12 research centres. As an initial step, the consortium plans to undertake a genome-wide association analysis of CVT using the Illumina Infinium HumanCoreExome BeadChip to assess the association and impact of common and low-frequency genetic variants on CVT risk by using a case–control study design. Replication will be performed to confirm putative findings. Furthermore, we aim to identify interactions of genetic variants with several environmental and comorbidity factors which will likely contribute to improve the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying this complex disease.Ethics and dissemination BEAST meets all ethical standards set by local institutional review boards for each of the participating sites. The research outcomes will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access journals with high impact and visibility. The results will be presented at national and international meetings to highlight the contributions into improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this uncommon but important disease. This international DNA repository will become an important resource for investigators in the field of haematological and vascular disorders
