169 research outputs found
Precipitation of I-CEA with MAbs VG-IgG2κ (■), VG-IgM (▲), and X4 (●) following incubation in a soluble phase assay
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Fully human IgG and IgM antibodies directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Gold 4 epitope and designed for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of colorectal cancers"</p><p>BMC Cancer 2004;4():75-75.</p><p>Published online 15 Oct 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC526287.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Garambois et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p
Retrieving river discharge from SWOT-like data time-series : a sample of rivers types
No full textThe future SurfaceWater and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission would provide new cartographic measurements of ocean surface and inland water surfaces dynamics, and especially river height, width and slope. The highlight of SWOT will be its almost global coverage and temporal revisits on the order of 1 to 4 times per 22 - days repeat cycle [1]. The estimation of hydraulic parameters from water surface observations is still an open question. Several methods have recently been proposed for retrieving river discharge from SWOT data ([2, 3, 4]). The method introduced by [2] and used in the present study is based on Manning equation. The first step consists in retrieving an equivalent bathymetry profile for a river given one in situ depth measurement and SWOT like data of the water surface, that is to say water elevation, free surface slope and width. From this equivalent bathymetry, the second step consists in solving mass and Manning equation in the least square sense. Nevertheless, for cases where no in situ measurement of water depth is available, it is still possible to solve a system formed by mass and Manning equations in the least square sense (or with other methods such as Bayesian ones, see e.g. [3]). The approach is tested with synthetic data generated from hydraulic models for several river reaches around the world (cf. [5]). We show that a good a priori knowledge of bathymetry and roughness is required for such methods. The identifiability of the roughness geometry couple is also investigated for different space time sampling and hydraulic regimes. Indeed, the knowledge of effective hydraulic representation and limitations might be a cornerstone in identifications of hydraulic or hydrologic variables through data assimilation chains. References : [1] E. Rodriguez, “SWOT science requirements document,” JPL document, JPL, 2012. [2] P. A. Garambois and J. Monnier, “Inference of river properties from remotly sensed observations of water surface,” (minor revisions) Advances in Water Ressources, 2014. [3] M. Durand, J. Neal, E. Rodriguez, K. M. Andreadis, L. C. Smith, and Y. Yoon, “Estimating reach-averaged discharge for the river severn from measurements of river water surface elevation and slope,” Journal of Hydrology,vol. -, no. 0, pp. –, 2014.[4] C. J. Gleason, L. C. Smith, and J. Lee, “Retrieval of river discharge solely from satellite imagery and atmanystations hydraulic geometry: Sensitivity to river form and optimization parameters,” Water Resources Research, pp. n/a–n/a, 2014. [5] M. Durand, L. Smith, C. Gleason, D. Bjerklie, P.-A. Garambois, and H. Roux, “Assessing swot discharge algorithms performance across a range of river types,” in AGU fall meeting, H51S-02, 201
Learning river properties and infering river discharge from SWOT-like data time-series
No full textNew generations of satellites and sensors offer promising possibilities to overcome the lack of in situ data for hydrological sciences, with increasing spatio-temporal coverage and accuracy ([1, 2]). Nevertheless, inverse problems in hydraulics such as the estimation of river discharges from space are still open questions. Remotely sensed measurements of hydrosystems can provide valuable information but adequate methods are still required to take maximum advantage of it. Lots of studies have shown the possibility of retrieving discharge given the river bathymetry or roughness and/or in situ time series. The new challenge is to use SWOT-type data (that is to say water surface elevation, free surface slope and top width) to inverse the triplet formed by the roughness, the bathymetry and the discharge (A0,K,Q) ([3]). We show that the most complete shallow-water like model allowing to separate the roughness and bathymetry terms is the so-called low Froude model. The few inverse models elaborated for inferring (A0,K,Q) are analyzed in two contexts: 1) only remotely sensed observations of the water surface (surface elevation, width and slope) are available ; 2) one additional water depth measurement (or estimate) is available. Results of hydraulic parameters inversions will be presented for a large dataset of rivers with contrasted properties, in the context of the PEPSI challenge that is an intercomparison project of several discharge inversion methods using SWOT-like data ([4, 5, 3]). Considering effective hydraulic parameterizations (e.g. [6, 7]), depending on observation scale, several perspectives are discussed for data assimilation into 1D and 2D hydraulic models. The temporal sampling of a mission such as SWOT will offer new possibilities in terms of hydraulic visibility for describing and learning river reaches, floodplains, and hydrosystems behaviours. References [1] S. Calmant, F. Seyler, and J. Cretaux, Monitoring continental surface waters by satellite altimetry, Surveys in Geophysics, vol. 29, no. 4-5, pp. 247-269, 2008. [2] D. E. Alsdorf and D. P. Lettenmaier, Tracking fresh water from space, Science, vol. 301, no. 5639, pp. 1491-1494, 2003. [3] P.-A. Garambois and J. Monnier, Inference of effective river properties from remotely sensed observations of water surface, Advances in Water Resources, vol. 79, pp. 103-120, 2015. [4] M. Durand, J. Neal, E. Rodriguez, K. M. Andreadis, L. C. Smith, and Y. Yoon, Estimating reach-averaged discharge for the river severn from measurements of river water surface elevation and slope, Journal of Hydrology, vol.-, no. 0, pp., 2014. [5] C. J. Gleason, L. C. Smith, and J. Lee, Retrieval of river discharge solely from satellite imagery and at-many-stations hydraulic geometry: Sensitivity to river form and optimization parameters, Water Resources Research, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 9604-9619, 2014. [6] P.-A. Garambois, S. Calmant, H. Roux, A. Paris, J. Monnier, and J. Santos da Silva, Hydraulic visibility and effective cross sections based on hydrodynamical modeling of flow lines gained by satellite altimetry,(submitted), 2015. [7] A. Paris, R. C. Paiva, J. Santos Da Silva, D. Moreira, S. Calmant, P.-A. Garambois, W. Collischonn, M.-P. Bonnet, and F. Seyler, Stage-discharge rating curves based on satellite altimetry and modelled discharge in the amazon basin, Water Ressources Research, revised
Flow cytometry analysis of MAbs VG-IgG2κ, VG-IgM, and X4 reactivity against the CEA-expressing CO115-5F12 human colon carcinoma cell line (A) and NCA-expressing human granulocytes (B)
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Fully human IgG and IgM antibodies directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Gold 4 epitope and designed for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of colorectal cancers"</p><p>BMC Cancer 2004;4():75-75.</p><p>Published online 15 Oct 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC526287.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Garambois et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p> 12A11 and 16B10 are two human anti-CEA MAbs that cross-react with NCA. 192 is a murine anti-CEA MAb that cross-reacts with NCA. Binding of the different primary antibodies was detected using either anti-human κ chain, anti-human μ chain, or anti-mouse γ chain as indicated
Characterization of process-oriented hydrologic model behavior with temporal sensitivity analysis for flash floods in Mediterranean catchments
No full textThis paper presents a detailed analysis of 10 flash flood events in the Mediterranean region using the distributed hydrological model MARINE. Characterizing catchment response during flash flood events may provide new and valuable insight into the dynamics involved for extreme catchment response and their dependency on physiographic properties and flood severity. The main objective of this study is to analyze flash-flood-dedicated hydrologic model sensitivity with a new approach in hydrology, allowing model outputs variance decomposition for temporal patterns of parameter sensitivity analysis. Such approaches enable ranking of uncertainty sources for nonlinear and nonmonotonic mappings with a low computational cost. Hydrologic model and sensitivity analysis are used as learning tools on a large flash flood dataset. With Nash performances above 0.73 on average for this extended set of 10 validation events, the five sensitive parameters of MARINE process-oriented distributed model are analyzed. This contribution shows that soil depth explains more than 80% of model output variance when most hydrographs are peaking. Moreover, the lateral subsurface transfer is responsible for 80% of model variance for some catchment-flood events’ hydrographs during slow-declining limbs. The unexplained variance of model output representing interactions between parameters reveals to be very low during modeled flood peaks and informs that model parsimonious parameterization is appropriate to tackle the problem of flash floods. Interactions observed after model initialization or rainfall intensity peaks incite to improve water partition representation between flow components and initialization itself. This paper gives a practical framework for application of this method to other models, landscapes and climatic conditions, potentially helping to improve processes understanding and representation
Variational Assimilation of SWOT Altimetry into a 1D-2D Porosity-based Hydraulic River Model with Upstream Hydrology: Toward Integrated Hydrological-Hydraulic Discharge Estimation from SWOT
No full textInternational audienceThe high spatial density of SWOT data products enables unprecedented access to small scale variations of watersurface elevation (WSE) of worldwide rivers. The informative content carried by such observations has greatpotential for the calibration of high resolution basin-scale hydraulic-hydrological (H&H) models of river networksand could allow the estimation of reach and cross-section scale geometry parameters and distributed inflows.However, estimating river discharge solely from WSE altimetry data remains a notoriously ill-posed inverseproblem if bathymetry-friction are unknown (see Larnier et al., 2020). In this context, H&H modeling frameworksthat integrate variational data assimilation (VDA) have shown promise in providing hydrologic closure to thisunder-constrained problem and also enable the estimation of high-dimensional spatio-temporal H&H parameters.To address these challenges, we employ a robust H&H variational data assimilation (VDA) framework proposedin Pujol et al. (2022), consisting in 1D-2D effective hydraulic model (DassFlow) integrating the GR4H state-spacehydrological model (Santos et al. 2018), to assimilate SWOT altimetry for (i) optimizing sequentially orsimultaneously effective hydraulic parameters and hydrological parameters and (ii) improving model realism andfinally discharge estimation.To model sub-cell cross-sectional variability in a 1Dlike model (Pujol et al. (2022)), an effective depth-independent porosity parameter was implemented based on Guinot and Soares-Frazão (2006). This parameter iskey to the effective modelling of hydraulic controls and signal propagation through a river network hydraulicmodel based on the 1Dlike modelling approach. It can be estimated from local bathymetry surveys, channelgeometry databases, but remains model-dependent and must be calibrated.Our methodological framework enables the simultaneous inference of distributed hydraulic parameters(bathymetry, friction coefficients, longitudinal riverine porosity) and upstream hydrological parameters or inflowtime series. Notably, the H\&H model is integrated into the VDA framework such that information feedback fromhydraulic observables to the hydrological model can be achieved. This is key for integrated H&H dischargeestimation based on SWOT observations.The approach was tested on the Garonne river between Tonneins and La Réole (around 50km of river length).Knowledge on the real geometric variabilities of the minor bed is provided by a high-resolution expertised DEM. A1Dlike hydraulic model of the river was built based on this accurate bathymetry data.10 SWOT passes over the 2024-02-16 and 2024-04-21 period (65 days) provide snapshots of the waterline for arange of non-flooding upstream discharges. Assimilated SWOT data is in the format of single WSE observationpoints every 200m at the centerline (RiverObs algorithm output) and covers the whole reach.A series of inference experiments were designed to evaluate the capability of the VDA method to extractinformative content from SWOT WSE. Sought parameters are distributed friction and porosity, as well ashydrological parameters of the lumped upstream hydrological model. Results show improvement of the fit of themodeled waterlines to altimetry observations thanks to the calibration of finely distributed parameters andestablishes a robust H&H approach for SWOT discharge estimation.Low computation costs achieved through the 1Dlike modeling approach make it clear that this method could bescaled to larger river networks, opening the way toward leveraging the full informative content of basin-scaleSWOT altimetry through our H&H VDA framework.References:Guinot, V., Soares-Frazão, S. (2006). Flux and source term discretization in two‐dimensional shallow watermodels with porosity on unstructured grids. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 50(3), 309-345.269 / 348Larnier, K., Monnier, J., Garambois, P.-A., Verley, J. (2020) River discharge and bathymetry estimation fromSWOT altimetry measurements, Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering (IPSE).Pujol, L., Garambois, P.-A., Monnier, J. (2022) Multi-dimensional hydrological-hydraulic model with variationaldata assimilation for river networks and floodplains, Geoscientific Model Development.Santos, L., Thirel, G., Perrin, C. (2018). Continuous state-space representation of a bucket-type rainfall-runoffmodel: a case study with the GR4 model using state-space GR4 (version 1.0). Geoscientific Model Development,11(4), 1591-1605
Variational Assimilation of SWOT Altimetry into a 1D-2D Porosity-based Hydraulic River Model with Upstream Hydrology: Toward Integrated Hydrological-Hydraulic Discharge Estimation from SWOT
No full textInternational audienceThe high spatial density of SWOT data products enables unprecedented access to small scale variations of watersurface elevation (WSE) of worldwide rivers. The informative content carried by such observations has greatpotential for the calibration of high resolution basin-scale hydraulic-hydrological (H&H) models of river networksand could allow the estimation of reach and cross-section scale geometry parameters and distributed inflows.However, estimating river discharge solely from WSE altimetry data remains a notoriously ill-posed inverseproblem if bathymetry-friction are unknown (see Larnier et al., 2020). In this context, H&H modeling frameworksthat integrate variational data assimilation (VDA) have shown promise in providing hydrologic closure to thisunder-constrained problem and also enable the estimation of high-dimensional spatio-temporal H&H parameters.To address these challenges, we employ a robust H&H variational data assimilation (VDA) framework proposedin Pujol et al. (2022), consisting in 1D-2D effective hydraulic model (DassFlow) integrating the GR4H state-spacehydrological model (Santos et al. 2018), to assimilate SWOT altimetry for (i) optimizing sequentially orsimultaneously effective hydraulic parameters and hydrological parameters and (ii) improving model realism andfinally discharge estimation.To model sub-cell cross-sectional variability in a 1Dlike model (Pujol et al. (2022)), an effective depth-independent porosity parameter was implemented based on Guinot and Soares-Frazão (2006). This parameter iskey to the effective modelling of hydraulic controls and signal propagation through a river network hydraulicmodel based on the 1Dlike modelling approach. It can be estimated from local bathymetry surveys, channelgeometry databases, but remains model-dependent and must be calibrated.Our methodological framework enables the simultaneous inference of distributed hydraulic parameters(bathymetry, friction coefficients, longitudinal riverine porosity) and upstream hydrological parameters or inflowtime series. Notably, the H\&H model is integrated into the VDA framework such that information feedback fromhydraulic observables to the hydrological model can be achieved. This is key for integrated H&H dischargeestimation based on SWOT observations.The approach was tested on the Garonne river between Tonneins and La Réole (around 50km of river length).Knowledge on the real geometric variabilities of the minor bed is provided by a high-resolution expertised DEM. A1Dlike hydraulic model of the river was built based on this accurate bathymetry data.10 SWOT passes over the 2024-02-16 and 2024-04-21 period (65 days) provide snapshots of the waterline for arange of non-flooding upstream discharges. Assimilated SWOT data is in the format of single WSE observationpoints every 200m at the centerline (RiverObs algorithm output) and covers the whole reach.A series of inference experiments were designed to evaluate the capability of the VDA method to extractinformative content from SWOT WSE. Sought parameters are distributed friction and porosity, as well ashydrological parameters of the lumped upstream hydrological model. Results show improvement of the fit of themodeled waterlines to altimetry observations thanks to the calibration of finely distributed parameters andestablishes a robust H&H approach for SWOT discharge estimation.Low computation costs achieved through the 1Dlike modeling approach make it clear that this method could bescaled to larger river networks, opening the way toward leveraging the full informative content of basin-scaleSWOT altimetry through our H&H VDA framework.References:Guinot, V., Soares-Frazão, S. (2006). Flux and source term discretization in two‐dimensional shallow watermodels with porosity on unstructured grids. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 50(3), 309-345.269 / 348Larnier, K., Monnier, J., Garambois, P.-A., Verley, J. (2020) River discharge and bathymetry estimation fromSWOT altimetry measurements, Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering (IPSE).Pujol, L., Garambois, P.-A., Monnier, J. (2022) Multi-dimensional hydrological-hydraulic model with variationaldata assimilation for river networks and floodplains, Geoscientific Model Development.Santos, L., Thirel, G., Perrin, C. (2018). Continuous state-space representation of a bucket-type rainfall-runoffmodel: a case study with the GR4 model using state-space GR4 (version 1.0). Geoscientific Model Development,11(4), 1591-1605
A three-dimensional QP imaging of the shallowest subsurface of Campi Flegrei offshore caldera, southern Italy
No full textTo improve the knowledge of the shallowest subsurface of Campi Flegrei caldera, a 3-D P wave attenuation tomography of the area was performed. We analyzed about 18,000 active seismic traces, which provided a data set of 11,873 Δt* measurements, e.g., the differential travel times to quality factor ratios. These were inverted through an adapted tomographic inversion procedure. The 3-D tomographic images reveal an average QP about 70, interpreted as water-saturated volcanic and marine sediments. An arc-like, low-QP structure at 0.5–1 km depths was interpreted as a densely fractured, fluid-saturated rock volume, well matching the buried rim of Campi Flegrei caldera. The spatial distribution of high- and low-QP bodies in the inner caldera is correlated with low-Vp values and may reflect either the differences in the percentage of fluid saturation of sediments or the presence of vapor state fluids beneath fumarole manifestations
Dire l’indicible dans les épigrammes d’Ausone : quelques exemples
No full textInternational audienceDire l'indicible dans les épigrammes d'Ausone : quelques exemples À Jean-Louis Charlet, avec mes plus vifs remerciements pour m'avoir accompagnée dans mon travail Le célèbre poème ausonien sur la Moselle est remarquable à plus d'un titre : sa longueur d'abord, sa propension à décrire non seulement le fleuve et ses rives mais encore tout un monde autour de lui. Cette description qui revendique son statut de fiction, comme invite à le penser le catalogue des poissons, cherche à mettre le réel en spectacle, à créer l'illusion. Mais elle a aussi une dimension réflexive : elle met en lumière l'habileté du poète, mais permet également une forme de distanciation vis-à-vis du réel. À l'examen, ce procédé se révèle être cher à Ausone, dont l'oeuvre témoigne de la volonté de « déréaliser » ce qui se vit et se voit, en lui donnant une dimension imaginaire. Le Cupidon mis en croix illustre bien ce jeu entre rêve et réalité, où les contours de l'un estompent ceux de l'autre, où le lecteur passe du songe à l'éveil dans un poème dont la construction singulière presque en fondu enchaîné concentre les éléments poétiques propres à Ausone : la supériorité, dans la représentation, du verbal et de l'écriture sur la peinture certes, comme dans le Cupidon, mais également sur toutes les formes artistiques, la poétisation du thème du sommeil et un goût prononcé pour la description « floutée » 1. Fondre le réel dans l'évanescente dimension du rêve, lui ôter sa dimension référentielle pour le reconstruire dans une dimension littéraire est donc bel et bien l'une des lignes de force de l'art poétique ausonien, qui traverse, force est de le constater, tous les genres 1. Sur Cupidon, voir l'édition commentée de A. FRANZOI, Cupido messo in croce, Decimo Magno Ausonio ; introduzione, testo e commento, Napoli, 2002 et F. GARAMBOIS-VASQUEZ, « Cupidon mis en croix d'Ausone : le tableau au miroir du songe », La trame et le tableau : poétiques et rhétoriques du récit et de la description dans l'Antiquité grecque et latine [colloque, 21-23 octobre 2010], M. Briand éd., Rennes, 2012, p. 469-477
Dire l’indicible dans les épigrammes d’Ausone : quelques exemples
No full textInternational audienceDire l'indicible dans les épigrammes d'Ausone : quelques exemples À Jean-Louis Charlet, avec mes plus vifs remerciements pour m'avoir accompagnée dans mon travail Le célèbre poème ausonien sur la Moselle est remarquable à plus d'un titre : sa longueur d'abord, sa propension à décrire non seulement le fleuve et ses rives mais encore tout un monde autour de lui. Cette description qui revendique son statut de fiction, comme invite à le penser le catalogue des poissons, cherche à mettre le réel en spectacle, à créer l'illusion. Mais elle a aussi une dimension réflexive : elle met en lumière l'habileté du poète, mais permet également une forme de distanciation vis-à-vis du réel. À l'examen, ce procédé se révèle être cher à Ausone, dont l'oeuvre témoigne de la volonté de « déréaliser » ce qui se vit et se voit, en lui donnant une dimension imaginaire. Le Cupidon mis en croix illustre bien ce jeu entre rêve et réalité, où les contours de l'un estompent ceux de l'autre, où le lecteur passe du songe à l'éveil dans un poème dont la construction singulière presque en fondu enchaîné concentre les éléments poétiques propres à Ausone : la supériorité, dans la représentation, du verbal et de l'écriture sur la peinture certes, comme dans le Cupidon, mais également sur toutes les formes artistiques, la poétisation du thème du sommeil et un goût prononcé pour la description « floutée » 1. Fondre le réel dans l'évanescente dimension du rêve, lui ôter sa dimension référentielle pour le reconstruire dans une dimension littéraire est donc bel et bien l'une des lignes de force de l'art poétique ausonien, qui traverse, force est de le constater, tous les genres 1. Sur Cupidon, voir l'édition commentée de A. FRANZOI, Cupido messo in croce, Decimo Magno Ausonio ; introduzione, testo e commento, Napoli, 2002 et F. GARAMBOIS-VASQUEZ, « Cupidon mis en croix d'Ausone : le tableau au miroir du songe », La trame et le tableau : poétiques et rhétoriques du récit et de la description dans l'Antiquité grecque et latine [colloque, 21-23 octobre 2010], M. Briand éd., Rennes, 2012, p. 469-477
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