56 research outputs found
Liberalismo, catolicismo y constitucionalismo en Latinoamérica en el siglo XIX: Jorge Huneeus y La Constitución ante el Congreso (1879)
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This article contextualises and examines the trajectory and legacy of Jorge Huneeus, an important nineteenth-century Chilean constitutional law professor and congressman who sought to reconcile important commitments of his generation of Latin American jurists, such as a deep belief in Catholicism and a loyalty to the liberal ideals of his era, revealing the complexities and tensions of a legal culture in transition from a more traditional to a more modern social and cultural environment
Liberalismo, catolicismo y constitucionalismo en Latinoamérica en el siglo XIX: Jorge Huneeus y La Constitución ante el Congreso (1879)
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This article contextualises and examines the trajectory and legacy of Jorge Huneeus, an important nineteenth-century Chilean constitutional law professor and congressman who sought to reconcile important commitments of his generation of Latin American jurists, such as a deep belief in Catholicism and a loyalty to the liberal ideals of his era, revealing the complexities and tensions of a legal culture in transition from a more traditional to a more modern social and cultural environment
Meteorological Fields Central Chile for June-July 2023 V2
No full text<p>Met fields based on WRF Configurations for central Chile from Bozkurt, terrain height has been added to the file</p>
Meteorological Fields Central Chile for June-July 2023 V2
No full text<p>Met fields based on WRF Configurations for central Chile from Bozkurt and Yañez-Morroni</p>
Assimilation variationnelle d'observations satellitaires dans un modèle atmosphérique d'aérosols
No full textLe lidar CALIOP (à bord du satellite CALIPSO) et le radiomètre MODIS (à bord du satellite AQUA) font partie de l'A-train . Ils fournissent des mesures simultanées en donnant une occasion unique d'améliorer notre connaissance sur les propriétés des aérosols et leur distribution spatiale. Nous étudions dans quelle mesure la distribution verticale du coefficient d'extinction des aérosols et leur distribution en taille peuvent être restituée par la synergie du signal lidar et des mesures spectrales de réflectance. À cet effet un schéma variationnel d'inversion basé sur un modèle de transfert radiatif a été développé. Ce schéma prend en compte le profil de rétrodiffusion atténué du signal lidar à deux longueurs d'onde et la réflectance à six longueurs d'onde. Notre méthode vise à minimiser une fonction coût qui mesure le départ de la solution aux observations et à une ébauche donnée. La méthode de l'adjoint a été appliquée pour trouver le gradient de la fonction coût par rapport aux paramètres d'entrée. Le schéma d'inversion a été examiné d'abord sous des observations synthétiques et puis avec de vraies mesures prises pendant la campagne FRENCH. La restitution des profils de coefficient d'extinction pour les modes fins et grossiers a une meilleure performance quand les aérosols fins dominent. Si les particules grossières dominent, le schéma trouve le profil total du coefficient d'extinction avec une confiance plus élevée que celui du mode fin. Les résultats indiquent également qu'il y a une certaine perspective pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'inversion en incluant d'autres sources d'information indépendantes telles que les mesures POLDER.LILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak towards Europe in April 2011: a model intercomparison
Get PDFIn the framework of theWorld Meteorological Organisation’s
Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and
Assessment System, we evaluated the predictions of five
state-of-the-art dust forecast models during an intense Saharan
dust outbreak affecting western and northern Europe in
April 2011. We assessed the capacity of the models to predict
the evolution of the dust cloud with lead times of up
to 72 h using observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD)
from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
and dust surface concentrations from a ground-based measurement
network. In addition, the predicted vertical dust
distribution was evaluated with vertical extinction profiles from the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization
(CALIOP). To assess the diversity in forecast capability
among the models, the analysis was extended to wind
field (both surface and profile), synoptic conditions, emissions
and deposition fluxes. Models predict the onset and
evolution of the AOD for all analysed lead times. On average,
differences among the models are larger than differences
among lead times for each individual model. In spite of large
differences in emission and deposition, the models present
comparable skill for AOD. In general, models are better in
predicting AOD than near-surface dust concentration over
the Iberian Peninsula. Models tend to underestimate the longrange
transport towards northern Europe. Our analysis suggests that this is partly due to difficulties in simulating the
vertical distribution dust and horizontal wind. Differences in
the size distribution and wet scavenging efficiency may also
account for model diversity in long-range transport.The authors acknowledge AERONET
(http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov) and thank the PIs of the AERONET stations used in this paper for maintaining the observation program
and the AERONET-Europe TNA (EU-ACTRIS grant no. 262254) for contributing to calibration efforts. We also acknowledge the MERRA, CALIPSO and MODIS mission scientists and
associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. MODIS data used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and
maintained by the NASA GES DISC. S. Basart acknowledges the Catalan Government (BE-DGR-2012) as well as the CICYT project (CGL2010-19652 and CGL2013-46736) and Severo Ochoa (SEV-2011-00067) programme of the Spanish Government.
The NMMB/BSC-Dust and BSC-DREAM8b simulations were performed on the MareNostrum supercomputer hosted by BSC.
Stephanie Fiedler acknowledges the funding of the European Research Council through the starting grant of Peter Knippertz
(no. 257543). Nicolas Huneeus acknowledges FONDAP 15110009 and FONDECYT 1150873. The database on dust concentrations
at ground level was produced in the framework of the Grant Agreement LIFE10 ENV/IT/327 from the LIFE Programme of the European Commission. J. Pey has been partially funded by a Ramon y Cajal Grant (RYC-2013-14159) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Carlos Pérez García-Pando
acknowledges the Department of Energy (DE-SC0006713) and the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program. The work
was partly funded within MACC-II by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme, contract number 283576 and MACC-III by the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement no. 633080.Postprint (published version
Energy poverty effects on policy-based PM2.5 emissions mitigation in southern and central Chile
No full textResidential firewood burning is the main source of PM2.5 emissions in southern and central Chile. In Chile, approximately 4000 premature deaths are observed each year due to air pollution. Mitigation policies aim to reduce dwellings' energy demand and foster cleaner but more expensive energy sources. Pre-existing energy poverty conditions are often overlooked in these policies, even though they can negatively affect the adoption of these measures. This article uses southern and central Chile as a case study to assess quantitatively different policy scenarios of PM2.5 emissions between 2017 and 2050, considering energy poverty-related effects. Results show that PM2.5 emissions will grow 16% over time under a business as usual scenario. If thermal improvement and stove/heater replacements are implemented, PM2.5 reductions depend on the scale of the policy: a 5%-6% reduction of total southern and central Chile PM2.5 emissions if only cities with Atmospheric Decontamination Plans are included; a 54%-56% reduction of PM2.5 emissions if these policies include other growing cities. Our study shows that the energy poverty effect potentially reduces the effectiveness of these measures in 25%. Consequently, if no anticipatory measures are taken, Chile's energy transition goals could be hindered and the effectiveness of mitigation policies to improve air quality significantly reduced
Impact of the choice of the satellite aerosol optical depth product in a sub-regional dust emission inversion
Get PDFInternational audienceMineral dust is the major continental contributor to the global atmospheric aerosol burden with important effects on the climate system. Regionally, a large fraction of the emitted dust is produced in northern Africa; however, the total emission flux from there is still highly uncertain. In order to reduce these uncertainties, emission estimates through top-down approaches (i.e. usually models constrained by observations) have been successfully developed and implemented. Such studies usually rely on a single observational dataset and propagate the possible observational errors of this dataset onto the emission estimates. In this study, aerosol optical depth (AOD) products from five different satellites are assimilated one by one in a source inversion system to estimate dust emission fluxes over northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. We estimate mineral dust emissions for the year 2006 and discuss the impact of the assimilated dataset on the analysis. We find a relatively large dispersion in flux estimates among the five experiments, which can likely be attributed to differences in the assimilated observation datasets and their associated error statistics
Soccer games and record-breaking PM2.5 pollution events in Santiago, Chile
Get PDFIn wintertime, high concentrations of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are commonly observed in the metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile. Hourly peaks can be very strong, up to 10 times above average levels, but have barely been studied so far. Based on atmospheric composition measurements and chemistry-transport modeling (WRF-CHIMERE), the chemical signature of sporadic skyrocketing wintertime PM2.5 peaks is analyzed. This signature and the timing of such extreme events trace their origin back to massive barbecue cooking by Santiago's inhabitants during international soccer games. The peaks end up evacuated outside Santiago after a few hours but trigger emergency plans for the next day. Decontamination plans in Santiago focus on decreasing emissions from traffic, industry, and residential heating. Thanks to the air quality network of Santiago, this study shows that cultural habits such as barbecue cooking also need to be taken into account. For short-term forecast and emergency management, cultural events such as soccer games seem a good proxy to prognose possible PM2.5 peak events. Not only can this result have an informative value for the Chilean authorities but also a similar methodology could be reproduced for other cases throughout the world in order to estimate the burden on air quality of cultural habits.Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT), CONICYT FONDECYT: 1181139
Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak towards Europe in April 2011: a model intercomparison
Get PDFInternational audienceIn the framework of the World Meteorological Or-ganisation's Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System, we evaluated the predictions of five state-of-the-art dust forecast models during an intense Saha-ran dust outbreak affecting western and northern Europe in April 2011. We assessed the capacity of the models to predict the evolution of the dust cloud with lead times of up to 72 h using observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and dust surface concentrations from a ground-based measurement network. In addition, the predicted vertical dust distribution was evaluated with vertical extinction profiles from the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). To assess the diversity in forecast capability among the models, the analysis was extended to wind field (both surface and profile), synoptic conditions, emissions and deposition fluxes. Models predict the onset and evolution of the AOD for all analysed lead times. On average , differences among the models are larger than differences among lead times for each individual model. In spite of large differences in emission and deposition, the models present comparable skill for AOD. In general, models are better in predicting AOD than near-surface dust concentration over the Iberian Peninsula. Models tend to underestimate the long-range transport towards northern Europe. Our analysis sug-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4968 N. Huneeus et al.: Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak gests that this is partly due to difficulties in simulating the vertical distribution dust and horizontal wind. Differences in the size distribution and wet scavenging efficiency may also account for model diversity in long-range transport
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