526 research outputs found
Optical and microphysical properties of fresh biomass burning aerosol retrieved by Raman lidar, and star-and sun-photometry
No full textA fresh biomass-burning pollution plume was monitored and characterized in terms of optical and microphysical properties for the first time with a combination of Raman lidar and star- and sun-photometers. Such an instrument combination is highly useful for 24-h monitoring of pollution events. The observations were made at Granada (37.16 degrees N, 3.6 degrees W), Spain. The fresh smoke particles show a rather pronounced accumulation mode and features markedly different from those reported for aged particles. We find lidar ratios around 60-65 sr at 355 nm and 532 nm, and particle effective radii below 0.20 mu m. We find low values of the single-scattering albedo of 0.76-0.9 depending on measurement wavelength. The numbers are lower than what have been found for aged, long-range-transported smoke that originated from boreal fires in Canada and Siberia. Citation: Alados-Arboledas, L., D. Muller, J. L. Guerrero-Rascado, F. Navas-Guzman, D. Perez-Ramirez, and F. J. Olmo (2011), Optical and microphysical properties of fresh biomass burning aerosol retrieved by Raman lidar, and star- and sun-photometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01807, doi:10.1029/2010GL045999
Eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull Volcano in spring 2010 : Multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements of sulphate particles in the lower troposphere
No full textA fraction of the volcanic plume that originated from the Eyjafjallajokull volcanic eruption on Iceland in 2010 reached the southern Iberian Peninsula in May 2010. The plume was monitored and characterized in terms of optical and microphysical properties with a combination of Raman lidar and star- and Sun-photometers. Our observations showed that the plume arriving at the Iberian Peninsula was mainly composed of sulphate and sulphuric-acid particles. To our knowledge, this is the first study of optical properties and inverted microphysical properties of volcanic sulphate particles in the lower troposphere/boundary layer based on multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements. A remarkable increase in the particle number concentration in the accumulation mode was determined from the inversion of the aerosol optical properties. The large Angstrom exponents and low linear particle depolarization ratios (4-7%) indicated the presence of small and spherical particles. The particle effective radii ranged between 0.30 and 0.55 mu m. In situ instrumentation confirmed an increase of sulphate particles at ground level during this period. Citation: Navas-Guzman, F., D. Muller, J. A. Bravo-Aranda, J. L. Guerrero-Rascado, M. J. Granados-Munoz, D. Perez-Ramirez, F. J. Olmo, and L. Alados-Arboledas (2013), Eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull Volcano in spring 2010: Multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements of sulphate particles in the lower troposphere, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1804-1813, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50116
Double-directional Multipath Data at 140 GHz
No full textThis data set contains 140 GHz double-directional path data in an indoor hall environment. Details of the environment and data format are available in .txt and .ppt files in the same package as data. The data were derived from channel sounding along with a measurement-based ray-launcher, which is elaborated in the following paper.
M. F. de Guzman, P. Koivumäki and K. Haneda, "Double-directional multipath data at 140 GHz derived from measurement-based ray-tracer," in Proc. 2022 Vehicular Technology Conference, Helsinki, Finland, June 2022.
@INPROCEEDINGS{deGuzman22_VTCS,
author={de Guzman, Mar Francis and Koivum\"{a}ki, Pasi and Haneda, Katsuyuki},
booktitle={2022 95th Veh. Tech. Conf. (VTC2022-Spring)},
title={Double-directional multipath data at 140 {GHz} derived from measurement-based ray-launcher},
year={2022},
address={Helsinki, Finland},
month={June},
pages={1-6},
Validation of brightness and physical temperature from two scanning microwave radiometers in the 60 GHz O<sub>2</sub> band using radiosonde measurements
No full textIn this paper, we address the assessment of the tropospheric performance of a
new temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) at 60 GHz. With this goal, an
intercomparison campaign was carried out at the aerological station of
MeteoSwiss in Payerne (Switzerland). The brightness temperature and the
tropospheric temperature were assessed by means of a comparison with
simultaneous and collocated radiosondes that are launched twice a day at
this station. In addition, the TEMPERA performances are compared with the
ones from a commercial microwave radiometer (HATPRO), which has some different
instrumental characteristics and uses a different inversion algorithm.
Brightness temperatures from both radiometers were compared with the ones
simulated using a radiative transfer model and atmospheric profiles from
radiosondes. A total of 532 cases were analyzed under all weather conditions
and evidenced larger brightness temperature deviations between the two
radiometers and the radiosondes for the most transparent channels.
Two different retrievals for the TEMPERA radiometer were implemented in order
to evaluate the effect of the different channels on the temperature
retrievals. The comparison with radiosondes evidenced better results very
similar to the ones from HATPRO, when the eight more opaque channels were used.
The study shows the good performance of TEMPERA to retrieve temperature
profiles in the troposphere. The inversion method of TEMPERA is based on the
optimal estimation method. The main advantage of this algorithm is that there is no necessity for
radiosonde information to achieve good results in contrast to conventional
methods as neural networks or lineal regression. Finally, an assessment of the effect of instrumental characteristics as the
filter response and the antenna pattern on the brightness temperature showed
that they can have an important impact on the most transparent channels
Klinckowstroemia cristinae Villegas-Guzman, Pérez & Reyes-Castillo, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textKlinckowstroemia cristinae sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype. Ƥ (CNAC 006649), Hidalgo, Mexico, 2 km Federal highway Crucero- Tianguistengo (20 ° 40.413 ' N, 98 ° 40.255 ' W), 2,080 m, 23 September 2006, pine-oak forest, from Odontotaenius zodiacus, O. Francke, A. Valdez and H. Montaño coll. Paratypes. 3 Ƥ (CNAC 006650- CNAC 006652), 2 33 (CNAC 006653, CNAC 006654), same data as holotype, from two specimens of Odontotaenius zodiacus; 1 Ƥ (CNAC 006655), Hidalgo, Mexico, 2 km Federal highway Crucero- Tianguistengo (20 ° 40.413 ' N, 98 ° 40.255 ' W), 2,080 m, 23 September 2006, pine-oak forest, from Oileus rimator, O. Francke, A. Valdez and H. Montaño coll. Holotype, three paratype females and two paratype males deposited in the CNAC, one female paratype deposited in NMNH. Female (n = 5). Body oval. Idiosoma, L = 928 (928–1005), W = 672 (672–710) (Fig. 21 A). Ve n tr al idiosoma. Hyaline hood extending to level of coxa I, seta a 1 long and slightly serrated (Fig. 23 A), L = 34 (32–38). Tritosternum base wider than long. Tetartosternum shield (Fig. 22 D), L = 43 (40–43), anterior W = 115 (115–124); shagreened, anterior margin slightly concave, medial notch small, triangular. Sternal seta st 1 moderately long, slightly serrated (Fig. 22 E), L = 20 (20–25), near centre of shield; lyriform sternal pore stp 1 close to posterior margin of shield. Sternal shield, L = 81 (81–93) shagreened. Pore stp 2 near anterior margin of shield, behind and below it is sternal seta st 2, medium length and simple, L = 19 (12–19). Setae st 3 long, slightly serrated, L = 28 (25–37), st 4 is medium length, slightly serrated, L = 16 (16–25). Setae st 3 and st 4 towards sides of shield, close to posterior margin (Fig. 22 C). Sternogynial shield, L = 62, W = 171 (164– 186) triangular, posterior margin pointed at apex, surface shagreened, stp 3 near anterior margin (Fig. 21 A). Sternogynial apodeme long and thin, extending to posterior level of latigynial and mesogynial condyles. Latigynial shields (Fig. 22 C), L = 124 (124–140), W= 78 (74–78) each with an oval pore and three or four simple setae, usually four; medial margins of shields straight and short, shield are shagreened; latigynial apodeme long and thin. Mesogynial shield, L = 74 (71–78), W = 99 (93–102), triangular, wider posteriorly and anteriorly (Fig. 22 C), rounded at apex, surface shagreened, mesogynial condyles below level of shield apex. Ventral shield, L = 245 (245–264), posterior W = 531 (512–557), triangular, truncated posteriorly (Fig. 22 F), surface shagreened, reticulated like a honey-comb (Fig. 22 G), with 12–14 pairs of small setae, usually 14. One pore underneath posterior margin of coxa IV. Metapodal-peritremal-exopodal shield reticulated, with a pore, with two setae. Anal shield, L = 161 (155–177), anterior W = 448 (435–480), with six pairs of simple setae plus longer antero anal seta, L = 29 (29–33), shield shagreened, with two pairs of pores, one near anterior margin and the other below the anus. Gnathosoma. Capitular setae (sc) medium and simple, L = 16 (12–17). Hypostomal setae hyp 1 longest and simple, L = 66 (65–71). Seta hyp 2 long and barbed, 40 (40–45), hyp 3 moderately long and simple, L = 19 (16–19). Chelicera with barbed seta, movable digit with four teeth, two large and two small, fixed digit with five teeth, all similar in size, movable finger divided at the tip. Palpal setae are generally simple, but al 1 (av 1) and al 2 (av 2) on trochanter are branched and serrate respectively. Femur setae pv 1 serrated, al 2, ad 1 and ad 2 barbed. Genu setae al 1 and al 2 are barbed, pl 1 and ad 1 are serrated. Anterior margin of palp trochanter with a blunt process (b) and process (s) (Fig. 22 H). Legs. Most leg setae simple, except: Leg I: trochanter ad 1, al 1 and pv 1 serrated; femur pv 1, pv 2 and pv 3 serrated; genu al 1, av 1 and pv 1 serrated; tibia ad 1, ad 2, ad 3, pd 1 and pd 3 serrated. LegII: femur av 1 and pv 1 serrated; genu av 1 and pv 1 serrated. Leg III: trochanter pv 1 slightly serrated; femur av 1 serrated; genu av 1 and pv 1 serrated; tibia ad 3 serrated. Leg IV: trochanter pl 1 slightly serrated; femur av 1 serrated; genu av 1 and pv 1 serrated; tibia ad 3 barbed. Seta pv 1 is serrated and long, 26 (26–30). Male (n = 3) Body oval, similar to female. Idiosoma, L = 966–1011, W = 698–717 (Fig. 21 B). Ve n tr al idiosoma. Tetartosternum (Tst), L = 47–53, anterior W = 124–127, shagreened (Fig. 23 D), anterior margin concave as in female. Tetartosternal notch small, V-shaped and divides anterior margin in two parts, shield with a pore near posterior margin. Sternal seta st 1, L = 22–25, slightly serrated. Sternal shield shagreened (Fig. 23 B), L = 143–149. Setae st 2, st 3 and st 4, microseta simple; shield with two pores, one near anterior margin of the shield, one below coxa IV. Genital opening oval, L = 62, W= 87–90. Ventral shield, L = 372, posterior W= 544–557; shagreened and reticulated as in female, 34 setae (Fig. 21 B); with two pores, one near anterior margin of coxa IV and one below of coxa IV. Anal shield shagreened, L = 171–177, anterior W = 454; with six pairs of simple setae plus longer antero anal aa seta, L = 31–34, with two pores, one near anterior margin and one below anus. Metapodal-peritremal-exapodal shield reticulated, with a pore, without setae. Gnathosoma. Hypostomal setae (Fig. 23 C), hyp 1 long and simple, L = 65–71, hyp 2 serrated and long, L = 43–47, hyp 3 simple and medium length, L = 19. Etymology. This specific name cristinae is named in honour of Mrs. Cristina Olvera for her hospitality and kindness in hosting the senior author during this research. Remarks. This species can be distinguished from all others because the anterior margin of the tetartosternum shield is concave in both sexes, and sternal seta st 3 is the longest and is slightly serrated. The mesogynial shield is long and wider posteriorly; the latigynial shield is long with the medial margins reduced, all the shields are shagreened, except the ventral shield, which is reticulated. The male has st 2, st 3 and st 4 microsetae and simple; the ventral shield is reticulated and shagreened, and the other shields are only shagreened. The tetartosternal notch is small and V-shaped, and the ventral shield has 34 pairs of simple setae. Klinckowstoemia cristinae is similar to K. schusteri because they have three to four simple setae on the latigynial shield, hyp 2 and hyp 3 are serrated and long and moderatly long respectively, in both species. However, the new species is smaller (idiosoma 953.6 versus 1374), has sternal seta st 3 (29.2) long and slightly serrated, and has shagreened sternogenital shields. In comparison, K. schusteri has several shields reticulated (sternal, sternogynial, mesogynial and latigynial) and st 3 (8) small and simple. Both species have large latigynial shields but that of K. cristinae has reduced medial margins (19.5) compared with K. schusteri. The passalids carrying this species were found in decaying trunks in the same locality at Hidalgo, Mexico, on two hosts, Odontotaenius zodiacus and Oileus rimator. Mites were found in the alcohol, but on O. zodiacus we found a male of K. cristinae on coxa I. On O. rimator we found two other species of klinckowstroemiids, K. scotti and K. cristinae.Published as part of Villegas-Guzman, Gabriel A., Pérez, Tila M. & Reyes-Castillo, Pedro, 2009, New species of the genus Klinckowstroemia Baker & Wharton from Mexico (Acari: Mesostigmata: Trigynaspida: Klinckowstroemiidae), pp. 1-46 in Zootaxa 2248 on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19071
Heterogorgia Verrill 1868
No full textHeterogorgia Verrill, 1868 Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868: 413; Verrill 1869: 450 (emended); Studer 1887: 57; Wright & Studer 1889: 55; Nutting 1910: 87; Kükenthal 1919: 844; Kükenthal 1924: 229 –230; Bayer 1956: F 206; Harden 1979: 112; Bayer 1981: 931; Castro 1990: 412 –415; Breedy & Guzman 2005: 801 –803; Vargas et al. 2010: 4; Castro et al. 2010: 776. Type species: Heterogorgia verrucosa Verrill, 1868, by subsequent designation (Nutting 1910: 87). Diagnosis. (see also Verrill 1868; Castro 1990; Castro et al. 2010; Breedy & Guzman 2005). The axis is horny, and colonies are composed of a number of stout stems that branch laterally and irregularly and arise from a conspicuous spreading holdfast. Coenenchyme is thin to moderately thick, mostly with a granulose surface. All sclerites are colourless. Coenenchymal sclerites are: radiates, strongly and unevenly tuberculated spindles, that may be branched, irregular spindle-derived forms, and crosses with the four arms of the same or different length. Polyps are retractile within protruding calyces; neck zone of the anthocodiae is without sclerites. Polyps are from bright yellow to colourless when alive and whitish when preserved in ethanol. Anthocodiae have a well defined collaret consisting of transverse rows of long, strong, bent spindles, and points consisting of long spiny spindles en chevron; some of the point spindles have a spiny tip which is in distal position. These sclerites vary in size and shape according to the species, but the same basic forms occur in each species. Calyces are prominent with a lobed rim that is armed with different numbers of whorls of strongly projecting thorns whose size and ornamentation is characteristic of each species. In carefully dried specimens the thorn arrangements of the calyx rim can be easily observed. According to Verrill (1868) the name Heterogorgia alludes to the remarkable diversity in the sizes and shapes of the sclerites. The colour of the colonies is white, beige or greyish; when the colonies are dry or ethanol preserved, they acquire darker hues. Remarks. About 14 species, excluding Verrill’s species, have been assigned to this genus (Pallas 1766; Germanos 1896; Thomson & Henderson 1905; Thomson & Crane 1909; Nutting 1910; Kükenthal 1924), which present a wide morphological diversity, corroborating Verrill’s (1912) statement that Heterogorgia was misunderstood by Nutting (1910) and some other authors. In reality, the genus probably became a “catch all” because it was not properly defined by Verrill himself, as mentioned above. The errant species, still recorded as belonging to Heterogorgia, fit in the genera, Astromuricea Germanos, 1896, Bebryce Philippi, 1841, Echinogorgia Kölliker, 1865, and Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868 (see Table 1). However; a thorough revision of these genera has to be made in order to identify the actual species with some certainty. (*) Author who transferred the original species to the genus Heterogorgia; (?) Uncertain genus.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2011, A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae), pp. 27-44 in Zootaxa 2995 on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20111
Corpus linguistics and the translation of 6th song of the «Odyssey»
No full textAbstract: This paper is an analysis of four translations into Catalan of the Odyssey 6th song. Two of the texts were translated by Carles Riba, and published in 1919 and 1948, another one by Joan Aymerich in 1997 and the last one was translated by Joan F. Mira in 2011. From a descriptive perspective, the study apply instruments of corpus linguistics to focus on how the four translations deal with aspects related to the field of translation studies, such as simplifi cation, explicitation, normalization, interference and the use of some lemmas. In turn, the analysis allows us to explain the use of these lemmas in the cultural and historical context in which the author translated the text. Results from this analysis show that the translations are directly linked to the period in which they were produced and that this link can be deeply personal.Key words: translation, corpus linguistics, Odissea, Carles Riba, Joan Aymerich, Joan F. Mira
Identification of Plasmodium falciparum var1CSA and var2CSA domains that bind IgM natural antibodies
No full textMalaria in pregnancy is responsible for maternal anaemia, low-birth-weight babies and infant deaths. Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes are thought to cause placental pathology by adhering to host receptors such as chondroitin sulphate A (CSA). CSA binding infected erythrocytes also bind IgM natural antibodies from normal human serum, a process that may facilitate placental adhesion or promote immune evasion. The parasite ligands that mediate placental adhesion are thought to be members of the variant erythrocyte surface antigen family P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), encoded by the var genes. Two var gene sub-families, var1CSA and var2CSA, have been identified as parasite CSA binding ligands and are leading candidates for a vaccine to prevent pregnancy-associated malaria. We investigated whether these two var gene subfamilies implicated in CSA binding are also the molecules responsible for IgM natural antibody binding. By heterologous expression of domains in COS-7 cells, we found that both var1CSA and var2CSA PfEMP1 variants bound IgM, and in both cases the binding region was a DBL epsilon domain occurring proximal to the membrane. None of the domains from a control non-IgM-binding parasite (R29) bound IgM when expressed in COS-7 cells. These results show that PfEMP1 is a parasite ligand for non-immune IgM and are the first demonstration of a specific adhesive function for PfEMP1 epsilon type domains
Intercomparison of stratospheric temperature profiles from a ground-based microwave radiometer with other techniques
No full textIn this work the stratospheric performance of a relatively new microwave
temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) has been evaluated. With this goal in mind,
almost 3 years of temperature measurements (January 2014–September 2016)
from the TEMPERA radiometer were intercompared with simultaneous
measurements from other techniques: radiosondes, MLS satellite and Rayleigh
lidar. This intercomparison campaign was carried out at the aerological
station of MeteoSwiss at Payerne (Switzerland). In addition, the temperature
profiles from TEMPERA were used to validate the temperature outputs from the
SD-WACCM model. The results showed in general a very good agreement between
TEMPERA and the different instruments and the model, with a high correlation
(higher than 0.9) in the temperature evolution at different altitudes between
TEMPERA and the different data sets. An annual pattern was observed in the
stratospheric temperature with generally higher temperatures in summer than
in winter and with a higher variability during winter. A clear change in
the tendency of the temperature deviations was detected in summer 2015, which
was due to the repair of an attenuator in the TEMPERA spectrometer. The mean
and the standard deviations of the temperature differences between TEMPERA
and the different measurements were calculated for two periods (before and
after the repair) in order to quantify the accuracy and precision of this
radiometer over the campaign period. The results showed absolute biases and
standard deviations lower than 2 K for most of the altitudes. In addition, comparisons
proved the good performance of TEMPERA in measuring the temperature in the
stratosphere
Four-dimensional distribution of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud over Europe observed by EARLINET
No full textThe eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in April–May 2010 represents a "natural experiment" to study the impact of volcanic emissions on a continental scale. For the first time, quantitative data about the presence, altitude, and layering of the volcanic cloud, in conjunction with optical information, are available for most parts of Europe derived from the observations by the European Aerosol Research Lidar NETwork (EARLINET). Based on multi-wavelength Raman lidar systems, EARLINET is the only instrument worldwide that is able to provide dense time series of high-quality optical data to be used for aerosol typing and for the retrieval of particle microphysical properties as a function of altitude. In this work we show the four-dimensional (4-D) distribution of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud in the troposphere over Europe as observed by EARLINET during the entire volcanic event (15 April–26 May 2010). All optical properties directly measured (backscatter, extinction, and particle linear depolarization ratio) are stored in the EARLINET database available at http://www.earlinet.org. A specific relational database providing the volcanic mask over Europe, realized ad hoc for this specific event, has been developed and is available on request at http://www.earlinet.org. During the first days after the eruption, volcanic particles were detected over Central Europe within a wide range of altitudes, from the upper troposphere down to the local planetary boundary layer (PBL). After 19 April 2010, volcanic particles were detected over southern and south-eastern Europe. During the first half of May (5–15 May), material emitted by the Eyjafjallajökull volcano was detected over Spain and Portugal and then over the Mediterranean and the Balkans. The last observations of the event were recorded until 25 May in Central Europe and in the Eastern Mediterranean area. The 4-D distribution of volcanic aerosol layering and optical properties on European scale reported here provides an unprecedented data set for evaluating satellite data and aerosol dispersion models for this kind of volcanic events
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