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Pandangan Tuan Guru Lombok terhadap Multi Akad dalam Muamalah Maliyah Kontemporer
Get PDFTo; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; ">The concept of Hybrid Contract or “Multi Akad” is an ijtiha>d of the scholars to address the development of human life, especially in mu‘a>malah aspect. It is understood as the merge of the two contracts ormore in a contract. Therefore, many modern transactions use it and even in the last decade the scholarsbegan to discuss about it's validity. The conversation and debate about the validity of this HybridContract appears not without reason, because of numbers of prophetic traditions, showed literarilythat Hybrid Contract is forbidden in the transaction. Departing from that, this study answers three basicproblems: the first is “how the concept of “Hybrid Contract” in view of Tuan Guru Lombok”, whobecame a role model for peoples of Lombok, because of they are as religious and community leaders.The second question is how an argumentation that built by Tuan Guru about the “Multi Akad” inIslamic Law. While the third problem is how the typology Tuan Guru Lombok thought. This study isa qualitative research by maqas > id al-Shari } 'ah > and the sociology law approaches, and this study is made withthe method of interview to Tuan Guru who are determined by “purposive sampling” method, and sothis research is supported by document data in the form of books, magazines and more. This studyconcluds that Hybrid Contract concept in Tuan Guru Lombok view is a contract containing twocontracts or more in financial problems, both applicable in financial institutions shari>‘ah or no. Surely,the concept of Hybrid Contract is a way to elude from “usury”. Regarding to Multi Akad in Islamic Lawlike “Dana Talangan Haji” at financial institutions shari‘ah, > Tuan Guru responded it by two argumentations: so that they are divide to two group: rejecter and endorser. And they are divided into 2 (two)typology: textual and textual progressive, the textual group understood that Hybrid Contract is unlawful or forbidden according to prophetic traditions texts and it was interpreted textually. While progressive textual tends to allow, even though they can not separate them self from the text of the prophetictraditions, but they also consider the development of thought, life, and environment
The Typology of Sasaknese Muslim Scholars’ Views in Lombok toward the Hybrid Contract as a Problem-Solving in Islamic Finance
Get PDFThis paper studies the views of Sasaknese Muslim Scholars toward the Hybrid Contract, in Lombok Island Indonesia in terms of their argumentations, typologies, and applications which becomes confusion in the society. The paper argues that problem in the transaction exists clearly. It is because of the limited meaning of Riba which is very strict that raises the society to fear to do the both in individual and group transactions since Riba have been prohibited by Al-Qur’an. While, the globalization of economic world rapidly runs which people must catch up with it. Then, related to the financial aspect of the Islamic teaching is tasted that it is running at its place. Hence, it needs to the solution. One of the solutions is applying Hybrid Contract in the view of TGH where they are very influential the life of society. Moreover, Lombok island is popularly known as thousands mosque island and soon as being seen from different references and facts. Consequently, for understanding the above phenomenon, the researcher used qualitative approach, juridical approach, and sociology by collecting data through observation, and interview to know typology Muslim scholars about hybrid contract by a hope to be the contributions for the government to take a policy.
التأويل فى المعتقدات عند السلفيين
No full textThere are some verses of the holy Qur’an, so called as āyāt mutashābihāt, whose meanings have been revealing conflict of opinions and controversies among the Muslims. To understand such verses ‘ulamā’ apply ta’wīl. Unfortunately, its use is not necessarily accepted by all ‘ulamā’; some accept and some reject it. The level of acceptance is also varies from unrestricted to moderate and very strict way of using. It is so in the level of rejection that varies from fully rejecting it to partially rejecting it with certain tight exception. This article is aimed at analyzing the Salafi’s views on using ta’wīl to understand āyāt mutashābihāt; whether they are liberal or moderate or fully reject it. It is found that the Salafis refuse using ta’wīl, because they consider it heresy, and it will lead to ta‘ṭīl (discarding the original meaning).Abstrak: Sebagian dari ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, yang disebut dengan āyāt mutashābihāt, telah mengundang kontroversi dan perbedaan pendapat di kalangan ulama tentang kandungan maknanya. Untuk memahami ayat-ayat itu, ulama menggunakan ta’wīl. Tetapi penggunaan ta’wīl itu sendiri tidak serta merta disepakati oleh semua pihak; ada yang menerima dan yang menolak. Derajat penerimaan pun merentang dari yang sangat longgar hingga moderat dan sangat ketat. Demikian pula dalam hal penolakannya, ada yang menolaknya sama sekali, tetapi ada pula yang menolaknya sebagian dengan kriteria tertentu yang sangat ketat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pandangan Salafi tentang penggunaan ta’wīl untuk memahami āyāt mutashābihāt, dengan mengidentifikasi apakah mereka termasuk liberal, moderat, atau menolaknya. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tulisan ini bahwa Salafi menolak penggunaan ta’wīl, dan memandangnya sebagai bid’ah, dan akan membawa kepada ta‘ṭīl (membuang makna aslinya). </em
Khilāfah in the View of Nahdhatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, and Nahdhatul Wathan (NW) Ulema in Lombok
Get PDFIndonesia is a multiethnic and religious state anchored in the five state principles, Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. However, its stability has recently been disrupted by the emergence of khilāfah propagated by the banned Islamic organization, the Hizb al-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). The concept of khilāfah proposed by the organization violates against the state’s ideology of Pancasila. Such a phenomenon is of paramount importance to examine. Hence, this qualitative study aimed to explore the concept of khilāfah from the perspectives of Islamic ulema from the three prominent Islamic mass organizations, the biggest mass organination, Nahdhatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, and Nahdhatul Wathan (NW) on the island of Lombok. Drawing on the data garnered from the observation, interviews, and documentation that analyzed suitable with its’ substation of the writing. Finally, the findings of this writing showed that the three Islamic mass organizations generally denied khilāfah as a state system. NU firmly rejected the khilāfah system because it more likely pertained to extremism. For the same token, Muhammadiyah denied the concept, but welcomed it as a culture, while NW opposed it as being contradictory to the republic in that khilāfah belongs to the empire system.[Indonesia merupakan negara multietnik dan agama yang dinaungi oleh Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Namun stabilitasnya sempat terganggu dengan kemunculan wacana khilafah yang dipropagandakan oleh HTI. Konsep khilāfah ini yang kemudian diperhadapkan dengan ideologi Pancasila dan menjadi fenomena yang penting untuk dielaborasi. Dalam artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi konsep khilāfah ulama dari tiga organisasi massa Islam, NU, Muhammadiyah dan NW di Lombok. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan arsip menunjukkan bahwa tiga ormas Islam tersebut menolak khilāfah sebagai sistem negara. NU menolaknya karena cenderung mirip dengan ekstremisme. Muhammadiyah juga menolaknya sebagai sistem tetapi masih bisa menerima sebagai budaya. Sedangkan NW menolaknya karena kontradiksi dengan sistem republik dan mirip dengan sistem kerajaan.
Strategi Penyaluran Pembiayaan Sektor Konstruksi di Bank NTB Syariah
Get PDFIn channeling financing to the construction sector at Bank NTB Syariah there are challenges and risks faced in its implementation, including because the project being financed cannot be completed on time, there are delays in payment or the project is not paid, construction activities are delayed due to the transmission rate of the Covid-19 virus . This study aims to determine the strategy of Bank NTB Syariah in channeling financing to the construction sector in dealing with existing challenges and risks. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method which aims to explain the strategy of Bank NTB Syariah in increasing financing growth in the construction sector with challenges and risks. The sampling technique used in this study was snowball sampling, namely key informants would appoint people who knew the problem to be studied, the data collection technique used by researchers was to conduct in-depth interviews with all informants which were then documented in the form of sound recordings, personal notes, photos, and videos, the results of interviews with informants were then analyzed and explained. The results of the study explain that in implementing the distribution of financing to the construction sector at Bank NTB Syariah it is given to construction business actors/contractors who have project contracts whose funds are sourced from the government/private budget with the aim of infrastructure development projects, financing using musyarakah contracts, Bank NTB strategy Sharia in channeling construction sector financing by conducting in-depth analysis with several stages of the process, as well as mitigating risks in dealing with existing challenges and risks
The Character of Legal Products in Indonesia: A Study of Changes to the Marriage Law from a Political-Law Perspective
No full textPolitics and law are two variables that can influence each other in a legal system. Legal politics is a form of state policy carried out through authorized state institutions to establish the desired regulations, which are expected to be used to express what is contained in society and to achieve the desired goals. This research aims to examine the character of statutory legal products, namely the character of legal products of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. This research is normative legal research which makes norms the object of study using a legal approach analyzed using legal political theory. The data collection technique used is literature study. Research findings show that in general the character of the legal product of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage is responsive in view of the birth of the law. However, the provisions of Article 7 paragraph (2) of Law Number 16 of 2019 do not show a responsive or conservative character. The provisions in this article are not in accordance with the spirit of change based on Constitutional Court Decision Number 22/PUU-XV/2017 and seem ahistorical. Theoretically, the conservative character in legal politics is a legal product that is not democratic, different from responsive legal products, namely legal products that accommodate a variety of opinions. Other findings show that there is no judicial institution that has the authority to check the consistency between the provisions of one article or paragraph and another in one form of legal product
Strategi Penyaluran Pembiayaan Sektor Konstruksi di Bank NTB Syariah
Get PDFIn channeling financing to the construction sector at Bank NTB Syariah there are challenges and risks faced in its implementation, including because the project being financed cannot be completed on time, there are delays in payment or the project is not paid, construction activities are delayed due to the transmission rate of the Covid-19 virus . This study aims to determine the strategy of Bank NTB Syariah in channeling financing to the construction sector in dealing with existing challenges and risks. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method which aims to explain the strategy of Bank NTB Syariah in increasing financing growth in the construction sector with challenges and risks. The sampling technique used in this study was snowball sampling, namely key informants would appoint people who knew the problem to be studied, the data collection technique used by researchers was to conduct in-depth interviews with all informants which were then documented in the form of sound recordings, personal notes, photos, and videos, the results of interviews with informants were then analyzed and explained. The results of the study explain that in implementing the distribution of financing to the construction sector at Bank NTB Syariah it is given to construction business actors/contractors who have project contracts whose funds are sourced from the government/private budget with the aim of infrastructure development projects, financing using musyarakah contracts, Bank NTB strategy Sharia in channeling construction sector financing by conducting in-depth analysis with several stages of the process, as well as mitigating risks in dealing with existing challenges and risks.
Keywords: Construction, Risk, Strategy
Dalam penyaluran pembiayaan kepada sektor konstruksi di Bank NTB Syariah terdapat tantangan dan risiko yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya antara lain karena proyek yang dibiayai tidak dapat diselesaikan tepat waktu, terjadinya penundaan pembayaran ataupun tidak terbayarkannya proyek tersebut, aktivitas konstruksi menjadi tertunda karena tingkat penularan virus covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi Bank NTB Syariah dalam penyaluran pembiayaan pada sektor konstruksi dalam menghadapi tantangan dan risiko yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriftif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi Bank NTB Syariah dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan pembiayaan pada sektor konstruksi dengan adanya tantangan dan risiko. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu snowball sampling yaitu informan kunci akan menunjuk orang-orang yang mengetahui masalah yang akan diteliti, teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan peneliti adalah dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan semua informan yang kemudian didokumentasikan dalam bentuk rekaman suara, catatan pribadi, foto, dan video, hasil wawancara dengan informan kemudian dianalisa dan dijelaskan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan penyaluran pembiayaan kepada sektor kontruksi di Bank NTB Syariah di berikan kepada pelaku usaha konstruksi/kontraktor yang memiliki kontrak proyek yang dananya bersumber dari anggaran pemerintah/swasta dengan tujuan untuk proyek pembangunan infrastruktur, pembiayaan menggunakan akad musyarakah, strategi Bank NTB Syariah dalam penyaluran pembiayaan sektor konstruksi dengan melakukan analisa mendalam dengan beberapa tahapan proses, serta melakukan mitigasi risiko dalam mengahadapi tantangan dan risiko yang ada.
Kata kunci: Konstruksi, Risiko, Strateg
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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