22,938 research outputs found
Analysis of non-TIR NBS-LRR resistance gene analogs in <it>Musa acuminata </it>Colla: Isolation, RFLP marker development, and physical mapping
No full textAbstract Background Many commercial banana varieties lack sources of resistance to pests and diseases, as a consequence of sterility and narrow genetic background. Fertile wild relatives, by contrast, possess greater variability and represent potential sources of disease resistance genes (R-genes). The largest known family of plant R-genes encode proteins with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. Conserved motifs in such genes in diverse plant species offer a means for isolation of candidate genes in banana which may be involved in plant defence. Results A computational strategy was developed for unbiased conserved motif discovery in NBS and LRR domains in R-genes and homologues in monocotyledonous plant species. Degenerate PCR primers targeting conserved motifs were tested on the wild cultivar Musa acuminata subsp. burmannicoides, var. Calcutta 4, which is resistant to a number of fungal pathogens and nematodes. One hundred and seventy four resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were amplified and assembled into 52 contiguous sequences. Motifs present were typical of the non-TIR NBS-LRR RGA subfamily. A phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino-acid sequences for 33 RGAs with contiguous open reading frames (ORFs), together with RGAs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, grouped most Musa RGAs within monocotyledon-specific clades. RFLP-RGA markers were developed, with 12 displaying distinct polymorphisms in parentals and F1 progeny of a diploid M. acuminata mapping population. Eighty eight BAC clones were identified in M. acuminata Calcutta 4, M. acuminata Grande Naine, and M. balbisiana Pisang Klutuk Wulung BAC libraries when hybridized to two RGA probes. Multiple copy RGAs were common within BAC clones, potentially representing variation reservoirs for evolution of new R-gene specificities. Conclusion This is the first large scale analysis of NBS-LRR RGAs in M. acuminata Calcutta 4. Contig sequences were deposited in GenBank and assigned numbers ER935972 – ER936023. RGA sequences and isolated BACs are a valuable resource for R-gene discovery, and in future applications will provide insight into the organization and evolution of NBS-LRR R-genes in the Musa A and B genome. The developed RFLP-RGA markers are applicable for genetic map development and marker assisted selection for defined traits such as pest and disease resistance.</p
Variable number of tandem repeat markers in the genome sequence of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black leaf streak disease of banana (Musa spp)
No full textABSTRACT. We searched the genome of Mycosphaerella fijiensis for molecular markers that would allow population genetics analysis of this plant pathogen. M. fijiensis, the causal agent of banana leaf streak disease, also known as black Sigatoka, is the most devastating pathogen attacking bananas (Musa spp). Recently, the entire genome sequence of M. fijiensis became available. We screened this database for VNTR markers. Forty-two primer pairs were selected for validation, based on repeat type and length and the number of repeat units. Five VNTR markers showing multiple alleles were validated with a reference set of isolates from different parts of the world and a population from a banana plantation in Costa Rica. Polymorphism information content values varied from 0.6414 to 0.7544 for the reference set and from 0.0400 and 0.7373 for the population set. Eighty percent of the polymorphism information content values were above 0.60, indicating that the markers are highly informative. These markers allowed robust scoring of agarose gels and proved to be useful for variability and population genetics studies. In conclusion, the strategy we developed to identify and validate VNTR markers is an efficient means to incorporate markers that can be used for fungicide resistance management and to develop breeding strategies to control banana black leaf streak disease. This is the first report of VNTR-minisatellites from the M. fijiensis genome sequence. Key words: Molecular markers; VNTRs; Genetic diversity; Population genetics; Black Sigatok
TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF DALAM NOVEL SANG KOMBATAN KARYA MUSA AM
No full textABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan tindak tutur ekspresif dalam novel Sang Kombatan karya Musa AM. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskripstif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel Sang Kombatan karya Musa AM dengan data penelitian berupa dialog antartokoh dalam novel Sang Kombatan karya Musa AM. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik studi dokumentasi atau analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam gambaran tindak tutur ekspresif dalam novel Sang Kombatan karya Musa AM. Adapun gambaran tersebut terdiri dari tindak tutur ekspresif ucapan terima kasih, tindak tutur ekspresif ucapan selamat, tindak tutur ekspresif meminta maaf, tindak tutur ekspresif menyalahkan, tindak tutur ekspresif memuji, dan tindak tutur ekspresif belasungkawa. Dari keenam tindak tutur ekspresif tersebut diperoleh 194 data yang terdiri dari 28 data tindak tutur ekspresif ucapan terima kasih, 4 data tindak tutur ekspresif ucapan selamat, 49 data tindak tutur ekspresif meminta maaf, 23 data tindak tutur ekspresif menyalahkan, 80 data tindak tutur ekspresif memuji, dan 10 data tindak tutur ekspresif belasungkawa. Dari 194 data yang telah dianalisis, tindak tutur ekspresif memuji merupakan jenis tindak tutur ekspresif yang paling banyak ditemukan dan tindak tutur ekspresif ucapan selamat merupakan jenis tindak tutur ekspresif yang paling sedikit digunakan pada dialog dalam novel tersebut
Taxa de multiplicação de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira cv. Grande Naine e cv. Prata Catarina influenciada pela fase de estabelecimento de cultura
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Florianópolis, 2015.A bananeira é a segunda fruteira mais cultivada do mundo, sendo o Brasil o quinto no ranking, com 6,8% da produção mundial de banana. No ano de 2014, a estimativa da área de produção brasileira foi de 490,1 mil hectares, produção de 7,18 milhões de toneladas de frutas (EPAGRI/CEPA, 2014). Nas últimas décadas, a produção se expandiu na maioria dos países produtores; passou de 35 milhões para 102 milhões de toneladas entre as safras 1978 e de 2012, parte deste aumento de produção se deve ao avanço tecnológico, principalmente devido disponibilidade de material genético diversificado e de mudas com valor agregado, principalmente qualidade fitossanitária obtida através de técnicas biotecnológicas. Apesar das biofábricas terem protocolos de micropropagação bem sucedidos, os mesmos não são suficientes para atenderem a demanda com qualidade e quantidade de mudas. Nos últimos anos os sistemas de propagação, em larga escala, não atingiu o número de mudas desejadas, mesmo com a utilização de biorreatores de imersão temporária, o qual tem sido associado ao aumento dos riscos de surgimento de variantes somaclonais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo mostrar o comportamento das culturas in vitro de Musa acuminata (AAA) cv. Grande Naine e de Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana (AAB) cv. Prata Catarina, submetidas a alterações no protocolo de micropropagação, comumente utilizado em biofábricas, visando obter maior taxa de multiplicação. Utilizando-se de material vegetal proveniente da coleção da EPAGRI/EEI, o trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas: fase de estabelecimento de cultura e fase de multiplicação. Na fase de estabelecimento, utilizou-se como meio base a formulação MS, acrescida de 1 mg.L-1 de BAP e 1 mg.L-1 de ANA, tendo como variáveis nos tratamentos propostos: aumento do tempo de cultivo in vitro; alterações de concentração de sais e adição de diferentes fitormônios. Para a fase de multiplicação utilizou-se as culturas provenientes da fase de estabelecimento, em cinco subcultivos de 30 dias, utilizando a formulação do meio MS e tendo como variáveis: alteração no estado físico (sólido/liquido), adição de BAP e adição de BAP/ANA. O meio MS, acrescido de 2,5 mg.L-1 de BAP promoveu a maior taxa de multiplicação, em ambas as cultivares estudadas. As melhores taxas de multiplicação quando consideradas fases de estabelecimento e multiplicação, para cultivar Grande Naine, foram obtidas em meio MS, acrescido de 1 mg.L-1 de BAP e 1 mg.L-1 de ANA por 90 dias em estabelecimento de cultura, utilizando na sequencia meio MS com 2,5 mg.L-1 de BAP para multiplicação em 5 subcultivos de 30dias consecutivos, alcançando taxas de multiplicação de 356 brotos por explante inicial, superior em 5 vezes ao obtido no tratamento similar ao praticado em biofábricas. Quanto a cultivar Prata Catarina o desempenho obtido não foi superior ao alcançado em biofábricas e os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. Foi utilizado meio MS com 50% dos sais da formulação para prover crescimento e enraizamento. Na fase de aclimatização, o método utilizado foi eficiente gerando número total de mudas para as cultivares Grande Naine e Prata Catarina de 8.995 e 3.911, respectivamente. O estudo indicou que alterações na fase de estabelecimento de cultura resultam em aumento da taxa de multiplicação para o cv. Grande Naine, enquanto que para o cv. Prata Catarina não apresenta efeito significativo.Abstract : The Banana is the second most cultivated fruit tree in the world, and Brazil is the fifth in the ranking, with 6.8% of the world production. In the year 2014, the estimate of Brazilian production area was 490,100 hectares, producing 7.18 million tons of fruit (EPAGRI/CEPA, 2014). In the last decades, production has expanded in most producing countries, from 35 million tons in 1978 to 102 million tons in 2012, part of this increase in production is due to technological advances related to the availability of more genetically diverse germplasm and of seedlings with higher sanitary quality obtained through biotechnological techniques. Despite successful micropropagation protocols adopted by biofactories , they are not sufficient to meet the demand with quality and quantity of seedlings. In recent years propagation systems on a large scale has not reached the desired number of plants, even with the use of temporary immersion bioreactor, which has been associated with increased risks of onset of somaclonal variants. This study aimed to show the behavior of in vitro cultures of Musa acuminata (AAA) cv. Grande Naine and of Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana (AAB) cv. Prata Catarina when changes in the micropropagation protocol were made compared to the traditional protocols, for an increase in the micropropagarion rate. The work was divided in two phases, namely culture establishment and culture multiplication. The explants used came from a field collection established at Epagri/Itajaí Research Station. In the phase of establishment of culture, MS base medium plus 1 mg.L-1 BAP and 1 mg.L-1 NAA was used, and there was an increase in the in vitro culture time, as well as changes in the salt concentration and in the phytohormones used. For the multiplication phase, materials generated from five subcultures of 30 days each were used, and changes in the physical state (solid/liquid) and in the concentration of cytokinin (BAP) and cytokinin/auxin (NAA). The treatment that consisted of MS medium plus 2.5 mg.L-1 BAP promotedthe highest multiplication rate in both cultivars. For the cultivar Grande Naine, the highest multiplication rates for both the establishment and the multiplication phases were obtained when MS medium plus 1 mg.L-1 de BAP and 1 mg.L-1 de NAA for 90 establishing days in culture was used, followed by multiplication in MS medium with 2.5 mg.L-1 BAP in five subcultures of 30 days each; the multiplication rates obtained were 356 shoots per initial explant, five times higher than that obtained in a similar treatment adopted by biofactories. However, for the cultivar Prata Catarina, the performance of the treatments was not statistically different from the performance of the traditional protocols adopted by biofactories. Half-strength MS medium was used to promote growth and root development. The method adopted in the acclimatization stage was efficient, generating 8,995 and 3,911 plants for the cultivars Grande Naine and Prata Catarina, respectively. The study indicated that change in culture establishment phase result in increased multiplication rate for the cv. Grand Naine, while for cv. Prata Catarina has no significant effect
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
Valoração econômica dos benefícios ambientais percebidos pelos frequentadores do museu da Amazônia – Musa, Manaus (AM)/ Economic valuation of the environmental benefits perceived by visitors to the Amazon Museum - Musa, Manaus (AM)
No full textA valoração de bens e serviços ambientais é uma importante ferramenta que pode auxiliar na tomada de decisões para definição de políticas públicas e privadas sobre o gerenciamento dos bens e serviços provenientes do capital natural e, é nesse sentido que se verificou a necessidade de valorar economicamente os benefícios ambientais percebidos pelos frequentadores do Museu da Amazônia – MUSA, localizado na cidade de Manaus – AM. O MUSA presta diversos serviços à sociedade, sob a forma de recreação e lazer, garantindo uma melhor qualidade de vida para as pessoas. A metodologia utilizada fundamentou-se na aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com questões abertas e fechadas, realizadas no período de novembro de 2020. Sendo assim, foi aplicado o método de valoração contingente - MVC. As sociedades envolvidas, ao se disporem a pagar uma taxa pública mensal, reivindicam políticas públicas efetivas de melhoria e conservação do MUSA. A população de interesse apresenta, de modo geral, um estreito relacionamento com o MUSA, tanto em termos de visitação quanto de conhecimento acerca de seu patrimônio natural e histórico e das degradações e problemas que o mesmo vem sofrendo. Em relação à confiabilidade das medidas estimadas, acredita-se que essas representem uma aproximação adequada da realidade, dada a preocupação do presente trabalho em procurar evitar ou minimizar os vieses que geralmente ocorrem em pesquisas de valoração ambiental. Por fim, recomenda-se a conjugação das estimativas obtidas na elaboração de projetos e políticas públicas voltadas para o ativo estudado
MUSA: O MUSEU DE CIÊNCIAS VIVO DA AMAZÔNIA
No full textThis article aims to characterize the Museu da Amazônia (MUSA), located in Manaus - AM, as a Science Museum and a Living Museum, highlighting its role as a promoter of Amazonian biodiversity conservation. The methodology employed is qualitative phenomenological, through documentary analysis and narrative interviews. Data were analyzed based on Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA). As a Science Museum, MUSA explores Natural Sciences, particularly Amazonian biodiversity in various aspects, including cultural ones. As a Living Museum, it provides an immersion into the Amazon rainforest, partners with traditional peoples contributing to the preservation of living culture, and develops research and partnerships with researchers that help keep knowledge production alive in the institution. The Museu da Amazônia is an important institution in Manaus - AM for science communication and conservation of Amazonian biodiversity and can inspire other spaces for education and science communication in Brazil and worldwide.Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar o Museu da Amazônia (Musa), Manaus – AM, como um Museu de Ciências e um Museu Vivo, destacando o seu papel como promotor da conservação da biodiversidade amazônica. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa fenomenológica por meio da realização de análise documental e entrevista narrativa. Os dados foram analisados com base na Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Enquanto Museu de Ciências, o Musa explora as Ciências Naturais, em especial a biodiversidade amazônica em diferentes aspectos, inclusive culturais. Como Museu Vivo promove uma imersão na floresta amazônica, realiza parcerias com povos tradicionais contribuindo com a manutenção da cultura viva, e desenvolve pesquisas e parcerias com pesquisadores que colabora para que a produção do conhecimento se mantenha vivo na instituição. O Museu da Amazônia é uma importante instituição em Manaus – AM para a divulgação científica e conservação da biodiversidade amazônica e pode inspirar outros espaços de educação e divulgação científica no Brasil e no mundo
I Think I Am Philip K. Dick
No full textFor years, noted writer Laurence A. Rickels often found himself compared to novelist Philip K. Dickthough in fact Rickels had never read any of the science fiction writers work. When he finally read his first Philip K. Dick novel, while researching for his recent book The Devil Notebooks , it prompted a prolonged immersion in Dicks writing as well as a recognition of Rickelss own long-documented intellectual pursuits. The result of this engagement is I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick , a profound thought experiment that charts the wide relevance of the pulp sci-fi author and paranoid visionary. I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick explores the science fiction authors meditations on psychic reality and psychosis, Christian mysticism, Eastern religion, and modern spiritualism. Covering all of Dicks science fiction, Rickels corrects the lack of scholarly interest in the legendary Californian author and, ultimately, makes a compelling case for the philosophical and psychoanalytic significance of Philip K. Dicks popular and influential science fiction.Intro -- Contents -- Introjection -- Part I -- Endopsychic Allegories -- Schreber Guardian -- Belief System Surveillance -- Part II -- Deeper Problems -- Veil of Tears -- Go West -- Dick Manfred -- Timing -- Glimmung -- Part III -- Spiritualism Analogy -- Imitating the Dead -- Indexical Layer -- Ilse -- Hammers and Things -- Crucifictions -- Over There -- Martyrology -- Can't Live, Can't Live -- Lola -- Umwelt, Mitwelt, and Eigenwelt -- Outer Race -- The German Introject -- Part IV -- Materialism, Idealism, and Cybernetics -- Startling Stories -- A Couple of Years -- Android Empathy -- Homunculus and Robot -- ALL OF YOU ARE DEAD. I AM ALIVE. -- Go with the Flow -- Part V -- Room for Thought -- Caduceus -- Jump -- Still -- A Wake -- Spätwerk -- Let the Dead Be -- Play Bally -- Das Hund -- Notes -- BibliographyFor years, noted writer Laurence A. Rickels often found himself compared to novelist Philip K. Dickthough in fact Rickels had never read any of the science fiction writers work. When he finally read his first Philip K. Dick novel, while researching for his recent book The Devil Notebooks , it prompted a prolonged immersion in Dicks writing as well as a recognition of Rickelss own long-documented intellectual pursuits. The result of this engagement is I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick , a profound thought experiment that charts the wide relevance of the pulp sci-fi author and paranoid visionary. I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick explores the science fiction authors meditations on psychic reality and psychosis, Christian mysticism, Eastern religion, and modern spiritualism. Covering all of Dicks science fiction, Rickels corrects the lack of scholarly interest in the legendary Californian author and, ultimately, makes a compelling case for the philosophical and psychoanalytic significance of Philip K. Dicks popular and influential science fiction.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND MEAT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF DESERT SHEEP UNDER RANGE CONDITIONS NORTH KORDOFAN STATE, SUDAN.
No full textThe experiment was conducted to study the effect of changing the
nomadic husbandry practices during summer with feed supplementation and
water restriction on the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality
attributes of desert sheep (Hamari sub type) around El Nuhood area, North
Kordofan state, Sudan. Thirty desert sheep of about 8 month age were
randomly allocated to three treatment groups (ten animals each, 5 males and
5 females), group (A) watered daily and supplemented with concentrates,
(B) watered daily only and (C) watered every 2- 3 days and was considered
as control (the normal nomadic husbandry). All animals were allowed to
graze on natural range at night only and were kept under shade during the
day from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm. Live animal weights were individually taken
every week, while different linear body measurement obtained every
fortnight. At the end of the experimental period eighteen animals (nine
males and nine females) were randomly selected, transported to Khartoum,
weighed and slaughtered to study the carcass characteristics. Statistically
analyzed were using a completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial
arrangement using (LSD) test by used SPSS computer program. The average
final live weights were significantly (P<0.05) different among the treatments
and were not significantly affected by sex but males in treatment A were
heavier than the other two treatments. The tail length, height at withers, heart
girth, chest depth and body length were significant (P<0.05) different
between the three treatments. The dressing percentages, carcass cuts, total
carcass tissue percentage and muscle: bone ratio were significantly (P<0.05)
between the treatments. The yield of cuts as percentage of joint weight of
females and males were significantly (P<0.05) different with regard to
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muscle, bone, fat and trim in the three treatments. While subjective
evaluation parameters juiciness, flavor, tenderness and acceptability were
not different (P>0.05) except colour between the treatments and Sex .The
chemical analysis revealed no significant differences among the three
treatments except ether extract.
These results concluded that management strategy which
involves shorter watering intervals and feed supplementation will
probably reflect positively on the performance of Hamari sheep
under range conditions
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
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