550 research outputs found
Recombination modulates how selection affects linked sites in Drosophila
No full textOne of the most influential observations in molecular evolution has been a strong association between regional recombination rate and amount of nucleotide polymorphism in those genomic regions, interpreted as evidence for ubiquitous natural selection. The alternative explanation, that recombination is mutagenic, has been rejected by the absence of a similar association between regional recombination rate and nucleotide divergence between species. However, many recent studies show that recombination rates are often very different even in closely related species, questioning whether an association between recombination rate and divergence between species has been tested satisfactorily. To circumvent this problem, we directly surveyed recombination across approximately 43% of the D. pseudoobscura physical genome in two separate recombination maps, and 31.3% of the D. miranda physical genome, and we identified both global and local differences in recombination rate between these two closely related species. Using only regions with conserved recombination rates between and within species and accounting for multiple covariates, our data support the conclusion that recombination is positively related to diversity because recombination modulates hitchhiking in the genome. Finally, our data show that diversity around nonsynonymous substitutions is recovered at closer distances in areas of higher recombination than in areas of lower recombination — empirically demonstrating that recombination rate can limit the size and severity of potential selective sweeps
The Role Of Technology and Innovation In The Framework Of The Information Society
No full textThe literature on the information society indicates that it is a still-developing field of research. It can be explained by the lack of consensus on basic definitions and research methods. There are also different judgments on the importance and the significance of the information society. Some social scientists write about a change of era, others emphasize parallelism with the past. There are some authors who expect that the information society will solve the problems of social inequalities, poverty and unemployment, while others blame it on the widening social gap between the information haves and have-nots. Various models of the information society have been developed so far and they are so different from country to country that it would be rather unwise to look for a single, all-encompassing definition. In our time a number of profound socio-economic changes are underway. Almost every field of our life is affected by the different phenomena of globalization, beside the growing role of the individual; another important characteristic of this process is the development of an organizing principle based on the free creation, distribution, access and use of knowledge and information. The 1990s and the 21st century is undoubtedly characterized by the world of the information society (as a form of the post-industrial society), which represents a different quality compared to the previous ones. The application of these theories and schools on ICT is problematic in many respects. First, as we stated above, there is not a single, widely used paradigm which has synthesized the various schools and theories dealing with technology and society. Second, these fragmented approaches do not have a fully-fledged mode of application to the relationship of ICT and (information) society. Third, SCOT, ANT, the evolutionary- or the systems approach to the history of technology – when dealing with information society – does not take into account the results of approaches (such as information science or information systems literature or social informatics, information management and knowledge management, communication and media studies) studying the very essence of the information age: information, communication and knowledge. The list of unnoticed or partially incorporated sciences, which focuses on the role of ICT in human information processing and other cognitive activities, is much longer
Modelling the magnetic activity and filtering radial velocity curves of young Suns : the weak-line T Tauri star LkCa 4
No full textSGG acknowledges support from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) via an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship [ST/J003255/1]. SHPA acknowledges financial support from CNPq, CAPES and Fapemig.We report results of a spectropolarimetric and photometric monitoring of the weak-line T Tauri star LkCa 4 within the Magnetic Topologies of Young Stars and the Survival of close-in giant Exoplanets (MaTYSSE) programme, involving ESPaDOnS at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. Despite an age of only 2 Myr and a similarity with prototypical classical T Tauri stars, LkCa 4 shows no evidence for accretion and probes an interesting transition stage for star and planet formation. Large profile distortions and Zeeman signatures are detected in the unpolarized and circularly polarized lines of LkCa 4 using Least-Squares Deconvolution (LSD), indicating the presence of brightness inhomogeneities and magnetic fields at the surface of LkCa 4. Using tomographic imaging, we reconstruct brightness and magnetic maps of LkCa 4 from sets of unpolarized and circularly polarized LSD profiles. The large-scale field is strong and mainly axisymmetric, featuring a ≃2 kG poloidal component and a ≃1 kG toroidal component encircling the star at equatorial latitudes – the latter making LkCa 4 markedly different from classical T Tauri stars of similar mass and age. The brightness map includes a dark spot overlapping the magnetic pole and a bright region at mid-latitudes – providing a good match to the contemporaneous photometry. We also find that differential rotation at the surface of LkCa 4 is small, typically ≃5.5 times weaker than that of the Sun, and compatible with solid-body rotation. Using our tomographic modelling, we are able to filter out the activity jitter in the radial velocity curve of LkCa 4 (of full amplitude 4.3 km s−1) down to an rms precision of 0.055 km s−1. Looking for hot Jupiters around young Sun-like stars thus appears feasible, even though we find no evidence for such planets around LkCa 4.Peer reviewe
Analysis of Shipley Microposit Remover 1165 and AZ P4620 Photoresist waste disposal for Company XYZ
No full textPlan BCompany XYZ is a company that processes semiconductor wafers. In their process, AZ® P4620 photoresist, an organic compound, is removed by Shipley Microposit Remover 1165, an organic solvent. When this occurs they produce a waste that cannot be disposed into a city’s water system. An analysis was conducted to determine the methods that could be used to treat the waste, recover the solvent and eliminate the use of organic solvents for photoresist stripping. Also the main components of Shipley Microposit Remover 1165 and AZ® P4620 Photoresist were analyzed for different health effects they might attribute for
Letter from Carl Hayden to R. P. Gilliland Regarding President's Highway and Sale of Bright Angel Trail
No full textLetter from Carl Hayden to R.P Gilliland regarding the sale of Bright Angel Trail (Ariz.) and construction of the President's Highway from Maine, AZ to the Grand Canyon
Pengembangan Modul StoryTelling Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Baca di Dinas Arsip dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Banjarbaru
No full textMinat baca anak merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pembentukan
budaya literasi sejak dini. Namun, berdasarkan hasil observasi di Dinas Arsip dan
Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Banjarbaru, minat baca anak masih tergolong rendah,
ditandai dengan kecenderungan anak-anak yang lebih banyak bermain
dibandingkan membaca buku. Program StoryTelling sebelumnya terbukti mampu
meningkatkan minat baca anak, tetapi pelaksanaannya belum berkelanjutan karena
belum adanya panduan atau modul tertulis yang dapat digunakan secara mandiri
oleh pustakawan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu produk pembelajaran berupa
modul StoryTelling yang sistematis dan mudah digunakan untuk mendukung
kegiatan literasi anak di perpustakaan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul StoryTelling sebagai
panduan pustakawan serta mengetahui tingkat kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan
efektivitas modul dalam meningkatkan minat baca anak di Dinas Arsip dan
Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Banjarbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode
penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model ADDIE
yang meliputi tahap analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, dan
evaluasi.
Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, angket,
dan tes. Validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Kepraktisan
modul diukur menggunakan angket respon pustakawan, sedangkan efektivitas
modul diukur melalui pre-test dan post-test minat baca anak menggunakan skala
smiley face. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif
kuantitatif, uji normalitas Shapiro–Wilk, uji Paired Sample T-Test, serta
perhitungan N-Gain Score untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas modul.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul StoryTelling yang
dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dengan rata-rata persentase kevalidan sebesar 80%
dan kategori valid dengan revisi kecil. Modul juga memperoleh tingkat kepraktisan
sebesar 92,5% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil uji efektivitas menunjukkan
adanya peningkatan signifikan minat baca anak, dengan nilai rata-rata pre-test
sebesar 14,20 dan post-test sebesar 28,25. Uji Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan
nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p < 0,05), serta nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,8067 dengan
kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian, modul StoryTelling dinyatakan efektif dalam meningkatkan minat baca anak di Dinas Arsip dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kota
Banjarbaru
Pengembangan Modul StoryTelling Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Baca di Dinas Arsip dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Banjarbaru
No full textMinat baca anak merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pembentukan
budaya literasi sejak dini. Namun, berdasarkan hasil observasi di Dinas Arsip dan
Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Banjarbaru, minat baca anak masih tergolong rendah,
ditandai dengan kecenderungan anak-anak yang lebih banyak bermain
dibandingkan membaca buku. Program StoryTelling sebelumnya terbukti mampu
meningkatkan minat baca anak, tetapi pelaksanaannya belum berkelanjutan karena
belum adanya panduan atau modul tertulis yang dapat digunakan secara mandiri
oleh pustakawan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu produk pembelajaran berupa
modul StoryTelling yang sistematis dan mudah digunakan untuk mendukung
kegiatan literasi anak di perpustakaan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul StoryTelling sebagai
panduan pustakawan serta mengetahui tingkat kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan
efektivitas modul dalam meningkatkan minat baca anak di Dinas Arsip dan
Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Banjarbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode
penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model ADDIE
yang meliputi tahap analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, dan
evaluasi.
Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, angket,
dan tes. Validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Kepraktisan
modul diukur menggunakan angket respon pustakawan, sedangkan efektivitas
modul diukur melalui pre-test dan post-test minat baca anak menggunakan skala
smiley face. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif
kuantitatif, uji normalitas Shapiro–Wilk, uji Paired Sample T-Test, serta
perhitungan N-Gain Score untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas modul.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul StoryTelling yang
dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dengan rata-rata persentase kevalidan sebesar 80%
dan kategori valid dengan revisi kecil. Modul juga memperoleh tingkat kepraktisan
sebesar 92,5% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil uji efektivitas menunjukkan
adanya peningkatan signifikan minat baca anak, dengan nilai rata-rata pre-test
sebesar 14,20 dan post-test sebesar 28,25. Uji Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan
nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p < 0,05), serta nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,8067 dengan
kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian, modul StoryTelling dinyatakan efektif dalam meningkatkan minat baca anak di Dinas Arsip dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kota
Banjarbaru
Information in T-bill Auction Bid Distributions
No full textIn this paper UK data is used to compare two potential sources of information regarding market uncertainty about future short interest rates. One is the so-called risk-neutral density function (RND) derived from interest rate option prices, the other is the distribution of bids submitted to an auction of short-term Treasury bills. More specifically, time series of RND standard deviations and auction bid standard deviations are compared. The results suggest that in some periods the auction bid standard deviations co-moved with those of the RNDs. Thus, in principle, auction bid standard deviations may be useful to get a picture of market uncertainty about future short rates even in the absence of well-developed interest rate options markets. In the Supplement, encouraged by the above results, the author uses Hungarian T-bill auction data to check whether auction bid dispersion measures in Hungary make any sense as indicators of market uncertainty about future interest rates. Lacking any RND data for this country, this can only be done in indirect ways. These include looking at the correlations of auction dispersion measures of different T-bill maturities, comparing the time series of these measures and bid-ask spreads (another possible indicator of uncertainty) and conducting an intuitive consistency check for a certain time period.
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