6 research outputs found
Globalization, Renewable Energy, Environmental Quality, Technological Innovation, Institutions
No full textThis study explores how different dimensions of globalization economic, social, and political shape environmental quality emerging economies from 2011 to 2024, based on data availability. Environmental quality is captured through a comprehensive index covering lead exposure, outdoor air pollution, particulate matter, and waste recovery. Using panel quantile regression (PQR), the analysis identifies a U-shaped relationship between overall, social, and political globalization and environmental quality, while economic globalization follows an inverted U-shaped pattern, consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Renewable energy consumption improves environmental outcomes but also moderates the globalization environment relationship. Its interaction with most forms of globalization increases environmental pressure, except in the case of political globalization, where it helps reduce deterioration. This aligns with institutional theory, suggesting that stronger political systems can turn globalization into a force for sustainability. Among the control variables, technological innovation helps reduce environmental stress, while weak institutions intensify it. The findings provide valuable insights for aligning globalization and renewable energy strategies toward better environmental outcomes
Globalization, Renewable Energy, and Environmental Quality: Exploring Nonlinear Links and Moderating Effects
No full textThis study explores how different dimensions of globalization economic, social, and political shape environmental quality emerging economies from 2011 to 2024, based on data availability. Environmental quality is captured through a comprehensive index covering lead exposure, outdoor air pollution, particulate matter, and waste recovery. Using panel quantile regression (PQR), the analysis identifies a U-shaped relationship between overall, social, and political globalization and environmental quality, while economic globalization follows an inverted U-shaped pattern, consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Renewable energy consumption improves environmental outcomes but also moderates the globalization environment relationship. Its interaction with most forms of globalization increases environmental pressure, except in the case of political globalization, where it helps reduce deterioration. This aligns with institutional theory, suggesting that stronger political systems can turn globalization into a force for sustainability. Among the control variables, technological innovation helps reduce environmental stress, while weak institutions intensify it. The findings provide valuable insights for aligning globalization and renewable energy strategies toward better environmental outcomes
Heteroanionic synthesis of lanthanum/neodymium-based titanium oxycarbide : a novel approach with multiple objectives for clean energy and pollutant-free environment
No full textFunding: The author Y.S. is also thankful to the RoHan Catalysis Lab, HUST, Vietnam funded by German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, no. 57315854) for providing the Asian student research stay scholarship to carry out his research work. The author M.A.S.A. would like to acknowledge the funding from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, through a Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) with code FRGS/1/2023/TK08/UKM/02/5.In this study, a new type of oxycarbide-based compounds, namely lanthanum titanium oxycarbide and neodymium titanium oxycarbide, were synthesized through solid-state reaction to replace titanium oxycarbide due to its rapid charge carrier recombination and limited responsiveness to visible light (VL) in photocatalysis. The structural, morphological, optical absorption, and vibrational properties of the synthesized catalysts were thoroughly characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to assess their suitability for catalytic applications. Subsequently, the photocatalytic behavior of the synthesized materials was evaluated for their ability to degrade the hazardous Congo red (CR) dye in various types of water, including deionized water, domestic utility water used for household purposes, and seawater, under VL illumination. Notably, lanthanum titanium oxycarbide and neodymium titanium oxycarbide exhibited superior degradation efficiencies for CR dye, achieving maximum degradation rates of 87% and 89%, respectively, in domestic water used for routine household purposes within a duration of 90 minutes, when compared to TiOC. However, the degradation efficiency was slightly lower in deionized water and seawater. Additionally, lanthanum titanium oxycarbide and neodymium titanium oxycarbide demonstrated promising hydrogen evolution activity, generating 19.7 and 21.1 µmol/g, respectively, under VL in 180 minutes. The enhanced efficiency in CR removal and hydrogen generation activity of lanthanum titanium oxycarbide and neodymium titanium oxycarbide has been attributed to the synergistic effects of improved VL absorption, higher exciton separation and a supportive pH environment due to the presence of lanthanum, neodymium, and carbon ions in a combined entity.Peer reviewe
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly.
© 2025. The Author(s)
Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
No full textBackground The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval UI] 8.7-8.8) or 40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that 13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. 1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. 2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only 1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018
No full textAnemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations
