125,002 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
FIGURE 4. A in Description of two new species of Sindosium Johnson, 2007 from Australia (Coleoptera, Ptiliidae)
No full textFIGURE 4. A. Ventral view of transparent preparation of Sindosium lamingtoni sp. nov.; B. Posterior end of metaventrite showing bifid projection; C. Abdomen; D. Spermatheca; E. Aedaegus. All material from the Lamington National Park type locality.Published as part of Maté Nankervis, Jason F., 2020, Description of two new species of Sindosium Johnson, 2007 from Australia (Coleoptera, Ptiliidae), pp. 528-540 in Zootaxa 4895 (4) on page 535, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/435885
Phenolic Antioxidants Identified by ESI-MS from Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) and Green Tea (Camelia sinensis) Extracts
No full textAqueous extracts of green yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) are good sources of phenolic antioxidants, as already described in the literature. The subject of this study were organic extracts from yerba maté, both green and roasted, and from green tea. Their phenolic profiles were characterized by direct infusion electrospray insertion mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and their free radical scavenging activity was determined by the DPPH assay. Organic extracts containing phenolic antioxidants might be used as natural antioxidants by the food industry, replacing the synthetic phenolic additives used nowadays. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from green yerba maté, roasted yerba maté and green tea showed excellent DPPH scavenging activity (>89%). The ether extracts from green and roasted yerba maté displayed a weak scavenging activity, different from the behavior observed for the green tea ether extract. The main phenolic compounds identified in green yerba maté water and ethanolic extracts were: caffeic acid, quinic acid, caffeoyl glucose, caffeoylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid and rutin. After the roasting process two new compounds were formed: caffeoylshikimic acid and dicaffeoylshikimic acid. The ethanolic extracts from yerba maté, both roasted and green, with lower content of phenolic compounds (3.80 and 2.83 mg/mL) presented high antioxidant activity and even at very low phenolic concentrations, ether extract from GT (0.07 mg/mL) inhibited DPPH over 90%
Productive, environmental, energy and economic analysis of cultivation systems
No full text[SPA] Esta tesis doctoral se presenta bajo la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones. El objetivo principal de la tesis defendida ha sido el análisis productivo, ambiental y energético de los cultivos pomelo y lechuga, realizándose además un análisis económico en lechuga, comprando el sistema de cultivo en suelo con un sistema de cultivo hidropónico. El análisis ha evaluado la implementación en el agua de riego de recursos de agua no convencionales como el agua regenerada (AR) y agua desalinizada (AD) en diferentes proporciones. El análisis en pomelo ha considerado diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida del cultivo y el empleo de estrategias de riego deficitario controlado (RDC). Para la evaluación de los sistemas de cultivo se ha realizado un inventario de datos y aplicado los correspondientes factores de conversión a unidades energéticas y de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). La energía ha sido dividida en energía directa (labor humana, electricidad y combustible) e indirecta (maquinaria, fertilizantes, pesticidas, embalse, sistema de riego y sistema hidropónico). Las emisiones de GEI se han clasificado en debidas al uso de: a) combustibles fósiles y electricidad; b) maquinaria y sistema de riego; c) producción, transporte, almacenamiento y aplicación de químicos agrícolas; y d) fertilizantes nitrogenados. Los resultados, en el cultivo de pomelo, han mostrado que el mayor consumo de energía es atribuido a la fase de establecimiento del cultivo, donde las mayores entradas de energía directa e indirecta se atribuyen al combustible diésel y los materiales del sistema de riego respectivamente. En el resto de etapas el mayor consumo de energía es debido a la electricidad para riego. Respeto a las emisiones de GEI, las mayores emisiones en la etapa de establecimiento se deben al sistema de riego, mientras que en el resto de etapas se deben a la aplicación de fertilizantes nitrogenados. Las estrategias de RDC repercuten en ahorros de energía y reducciones de emisiones de GEI, independientemente de la fuente de agua empleada. El uso de AR apenas tiene efecto sobre los consumos de energía y emisiones de GEI. En el cultivo de lechuga los resultados han mostrado que el mayor consumo de energía en los sistemas corresponde a energía indirecta y que el consumo de energía total en el sistema hidropónico es 5,6 veces mayor que el calculado para el sistema en suelo, que es un 21% más eficiente en el uso de la energía. Los principales consumos de energía son el material vegetal y electricidad para riego en los sistemas en suelo e hidropónico respectivamente. La productividad de la tierra anual y la productividad del agua en el sistema hidropónico son 4,8 y 2,6 veces superiores respecto al sistema en suelo. Respecto a los GEI, el sistema hidropónico registra unas emisiones de GEI de área (debidas principalmente al sistema de riego hidropónico) que duplican a las del sistema en suelo (debidas principalmente al sistema de riego por goteo). El uso de AD para riego en ambos sistemas incrementa el consumo de energía y emisiones de GEI, debido a su elevado costo de producción. A partir de un porcentaje de mezcla de 29,6% de AD, el sistema TPN comienza a ser energéticamente más eficiente. Respecto al análisis económico, el sistema hidropónico presenta mayores costos, ingresos, beneficios y VAN respecto al sistema en suelo. El TIR, en cambio, es mayor en el sistema en suelo, lo que muestra la mayor rentabilidad del sistema de cultivo en suelo.[ENG] This doctoral dissertation has been presented in the form of thesis by publication. The agriculture developed in the Segura River Basin (SRB), in the southeast of Spain, has been the engine of economic development in the region. However, this development is associated with a high consumption of water and energy, as well as emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), whose consequences are environmental pollution and reduction of available water resources. This problem will be aggravated if we take into account that global food production has to increase by 70% for the year 2050, due to population growth (FAO 2009). The use of non-conventional resources for irrigation such as desalinated sea water (DS), regenerated water (RW), regulated deficit irrigation strategies and / or the use of closed hydroponic systems are presented as alternatives for traditional agriculture that could fight the environmental problems and the lack of water resources available in the SRV. The first line of action of the thesis consists of the characterization of two cultivation systems of lettuce production (Lactuca sativa L. cv. "Little Gem"), the soil cultivation system (SC) and the nutrient film technique system (NFT), and its later analysis of energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, different water supply scenarios (WSS) are considered: i) WSS-1, where 100% of water resources come from surface and underground water resources; it is, 100% ST; ii) WSS-2, with a mixing percentage of 50% of DS and 50% of ST; and iii) WSS-3, where 100% of the water resources for irrigation correspond to DS. The trial was developed during the 2016-2017 agricultural campaign in commercial farms of the SRV. Six study plots were chosen, three for the SC system and three for the NFT system, in that way both systems presented the three WSS. To analyze the systems, an inventory was performed based on the following inputs: human labor (h/ha), diesel (l/ha), water for irrigation (m3/ha), electricity (kWh/ha), machinery (h/ha), fertilizers (kg/ha), pesticides (kg/ha) and plant material (units/ha). In addition, data regarding the number of cycles (cycles/year), cycle duration (days) and planting density (plants/m2) were taken. The quantity, type and useful life of the water deposit, drip irrigation system and hydroponic irrigation system materials were also studied. As output of the system the production of lettuce (kg/ha and cycle) was taken into account. Once the data were recorded in a database, it was converted into energy units (MJ/ha) and GHG emissions (kg CO2eq/ha) by applying the corresponding conversion factors. Energy consumption was divided into direct energy consumption (human labor, diesel and electricity for irrigation) and indirect energy consumption (machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, water reservoir, drip irrigation system and hydroponic irrigation system). The GHG emissions were classified into: i) GHG emissions due to the use of fossil fuels and electricity; (ii) GHG emissions of machinery and irrigation systems; (iii) GHG emissions due to the production, transportation, storage and transfer of agricultural chemicals; and (iv) GHG emissions of NO2 to the soils due to the application of N-fertilizer. In addition, the efficiency in the use of energy, specific energy (MJ/ha), areal GHG emissions (kg CO2eq /ha) and specific GHG emissions (kg CO2eq/ kg) indices were calculated. The results showed that the highest energy consumption in the systems corresponds to indirect energy and that the total energy consumption in the NFT system is 5,6 times higher than that calculated for the SC system, which is 21% more efficient in the use of energy. The main representative inputs on total energy input were plant material and electricity for irrigation in the SC and NFT systems respectively. The annual land productivity and water productivity in the NFT system were 4,8 and 2,6 times higher than the SC system. Regarding the GHG, the NFT system registered areal GHG emissions (mainly due to the hydroponic irrigation system) that duplicates those of the SC system (mainly due to the drip irrigation system). The use of DS for irrigation in both systems increased energy consumption and GHG emissions, due to its high production cost. From a mix percentage of 29,6% of DS, the NFT system begins to be more energy efficient. Independently of the WSS, the GHG emissions were lower in the NFT system. The second line of action of the thesis evaluates a grapefruit orchard (Citrus Paradisi Macf) in its different stages of the life cycle of the crop (establishment of the plantation, unproductive juvenile state, productive juvenile state and productive adult state), from the energetic and GHG emissions point of view using different irrigation strategies (total irrigation and RDI combined or not with RW). The trial began in 2004 in a commercial orchard of 0,5 ha located in Campotéjar-Murcia and ended in 2014. A total of 192 trees were selected. Four treatments were performed depending on the water source used for irrigation and the application or not of RDI: i) TS without RDI, II) TS with RDI, III) RW without RDI and iv) RW with RDI. From 2005 to 2007 the totally orchard was irrigated with TS water and it was from 2008 onwards when RDI and RW were applied. Data of human labor (h), diesel (l), electricity (kWh), fertilizers (kg), pesticides (kg), plant material (units), machinery (h), water for irrigation (m3), irrigation system and production (kg) were collected. Once the data were recorded in a database, it was converted into energy units (MJ) and GHG emissions (kg CO2eq) by applying the corresponding conversion factors. Energy consumption was divided into direct energy consumption (human labor, diesel and electricity for irrigation) and indirect energy consumption (machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, plant material, water for irrigation and irrigation system). The GHG emissions were classified into: i) GHG emissions due to the use of fossil fuels and electricity; (ii) GHG emissions of machinery and irrigation systems; (iii) GHG emissions due to the production, transportation, storage and transfer of agricultural chemicals; and (iv) GHG emissions of NO2 to the soils due to the application of N-fertilizer. Additionally, the water productivity (kg/m3), energy use efficiency, specific energy (MJ), areal GHG emissions (kg CO2eq/ha) and specific GHG emissions (kg CO2eq/kg) indices were calculated. The energy balance carried out for each of the cases studied showed that the greatest energy input took place in the stage of establishment of the crop, where the highest direct and indirect energy inputs were attributed to the diesel and the materials of the irrigation system respectively. For the rest of the stages, the highest energy consumption was due to electricity for irrigation. Respect to the GHG emissions, the highest emissions in the establishment stage were due to the irrigation system, while in the rest of the stages it were due to the application of nitrogen fertilizers. RDI strategies had an impact on energy savings and reductions in GHG emissions, regardless of the source of water used. The use of RW had short effect on energy consumption and GHG emissions. The third line of action of the thesis is a continuation of the first one, in which the collected data is converted into economic data for the later comparative analysis of SC and NFT production systems in the different water supply scenarios. To perform this analysis, the costs, revenues and benefits of both systems were determined. Costs were divided into operational costs and investment costs. In addition, a discounted cash flow analysis (DCFA) was performed and the following economic parameters were calculated: internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). The results showed that in the NFT system, the costs, revenues, benefits and NPV are higher than in the SC system, regardless of the water source applied. However, the IRR was higher in the SC system, which indicates the greater profitability compared to the NFT system.Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaPrograma de Doctorado en Técnicas Avanzadas en Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario por la Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaLos artículos que constituyen la tesis son los siguientes:
- Publicación 1: M.A. Martinez-Mate, B. Martin-Gorriz, V. Martinez-Alvarez, M. Soto-García, J.F. Maestre-Valero. Hydroponic system and desalinated seawater as an alternative farm-productive proposal in water scarcity areas: Energy and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of lettuce production in southeast Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production; 172, 1298-1310. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.275
- Publicación 2: J.F. Maestre-Valero, B. Martin-Gorriz, E. Nicolas, M.A. Martinez-Mate, V. Martinez-Alvarez. Deficit irrigation with reclaimed water in a citrus orchard. Energy and greenhouse-gas emissions analysis. Agricultural systems; 159, 93-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.10.017
- Publicación 3: J.F. Maestre-Valero, B. Martin-Gorriz, M. Soto-García, M.A. Martinez-Mate, V. Martínez-Alvarez. Producing lettuce in soil-based or in soilless outdoor systems. Which is more profitable? Agricultural water management. 206, 48–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.04.022Universidad Politécnica de Cartagen
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) traditional infusions (mate and tereré)
No full textEste estudio describe la presencia de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) en las infusiones tradicionales frías y calientes de yerba mate ( mate y tereré ), mediante el seguimiento del contenido de benz [a] antraceno, criseno, benzo [b] fluoranteno, benzo [k] fluoranteno , benzo [a] pireno, dibenz [ah] antraceno, benzo [ghi] perileno e indeno [1,2,3-cd] pireno (PAH8), que han sido elegidos como indicadores de la presencia y toxicidad de los HAP en los alimentos por la Agencia Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria. El contenido de PAH8 en mate y tereré se determinó mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución utilizando detección de fluorescencia (HPLC-FLD). El contenido de PAH8 en infusiones de yerba mate calientes y frías osciló entre 371,2 y 2438,8 ng / L y entre 19,2 y 937,3 ng / L, respectivamente. El contenido de benzo [a] pireno varió entre 37,0 y 373,9 ng / L en infusiones de yerba mate caliente y entre 7,0 y 92,1 ng / L en infusiones de yerba mate fría. Ninguna de las muestras analizadas excedió los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el agua potable, ya que el nivel máximo permitido de benzo [a] pireno es de 700 ng / L.This study describes the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in traditional yerba maté hot and cold infusions ( mate and tereré), by monitoring the content of benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[ah]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (PAH8), that have been chosen as indicators for the occurrence and toxicity of PAHs in food by the European Food Safety Agency. PAH8 content in mate and tereré was determined by high performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD).PAH8 contents in hot and cold maté infusions ranged from 371.2 to 2438.8 ng/L and from 19.2 to 937.3 ng/L, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene contents varied between 37.0 and 373.9 ng/L in hot yerba maté infusions and between 7.0 and 92.1 ng/L in cold yerba maté infusions. None of the samples analyzed exceeded the World Health Organization criteria for drinking water, since the maximum level allowed for benzo[a]pyrene is 700 ng/L.Fil: Thea, Ana Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Dario Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Brumovsky, Luis Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Schmalko Radichowski, Miguel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentin
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B0→K∗0γ )/B(B0s→φγ ) and the directCP asymmetry inB 0→K∗0γ
No full textThe ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0→K⁎0γ and B0s→ϕγ has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7TeV. The value obtained is
B(B0→K⁎0γ)B(B0s→ϕγ)=1.23±0.06(stat.)±0.04(syst.)±0.10(fs/fd),
where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for B(B0→K⁎0γ), the branching fraction B(B0s→ϕγ) is measured to be (3.5±0.4)×10−5.
The direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be
ACP(B0→K⁎0γ)=(0.8±1.7(stat.)±0.9(syst.))%.
Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations
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