1,720,975 research outputs found
Tett på profesjon, arbeid og politikk
Get PDFResearchers engage in increasingly complex relationships with society and business in the process of conducting research. Can qualitative research produce high-quality results when there are close ties between the researchers and those being researched, or between research institutions, those who commission research, and user groups? This is a question that researchers should actively address, but which many are not always aware of.
With examples from qualitative studies in healthcare, policing, bureaucracy and politics, the anthology’s contributors provide a comprehensive presentation of challenges researchers face when they are close to those they are researching, as well as tools that can be used to contend with certain challenges.
Proximity to Professions, Work and Politics will be of particular interest to students and researchers working with studies of professional life, organisations, work and politics, either through commissioned research or other research projects
Ytringsfrihet i en ny offentlighet
Get PDFEt nytt medielandskap har gitt endrede vilkår for offentlig debatt: for ytringsfrihet, informasjonsfrihet og kunnskapsformidling. Men der noen ser en grenseløs ny offentlighet preget av hets og sjikane, ser andre et knugende meningsklima der det straffer seg å gå mot strømmen. Og der noen hyller de nye mediene for å slippe nye stemmer til, tviler andre på at en meningsfylt samtale er mulig i dagens algoritmestyrte sosiale medier. Hvordan kan virkeligheten oppfattes så forskjellig? I denne boken undersøker forfatterne om disse motpolene har gjenklang i den norske befolkningen, eller om polariseringen er overdrevet. De utforsker hvilke grenser folk trekker for hva man kan hevde og mene offentlig, om disse grensedragningene har endret seg i de senere årene, og hvordan alder, kjønn, utdanning og politisk ståsted henger sammen med ulike oppfatninger og erfaringer. Ikke minst undersøker de kunnskapens vilkår i en ny offentlighet: Hvordan vurderer folk flest den informasjonen de har tilgang til via ulike medier? Og hvilke hindringer møter produsenter av ny kunnskap, det vil si forskere i akademia, når de utforsker og formidler sine funn? Er det rom for et mangfold av perspektiver, eller bidrar konformitetspress, maktkamp og styringssystemer til at noen temaer blir underbelyst? Med utgangspunkt i analyser av unik empiri bidrar boken med innsikt – på tvers av posisjoner og motpoler – i ytringsfrihetens vilkår i en ny norsk offentlighet
Parental leave vs. competition for clients: Motherhood penalty in competitive work environments
Get PDFAbstract Objective: This paper explores the role of parental leave for gendered career patterns in individualized, competitive labor markets in Norway, a culturally and politically family-friendly and gender-equal society. Background: Despite family-friendly policies and little prejudice against mothers, there is a significant gap in wages and careers between mothers and fathers in Norway. This is particularly true in individualized, competitive parts of the labor market, such as finance banking. To understand this pattern, we must examine the institutionalized rules of the game in which portfolio workers, with individual responsibility for their portfolio of clients, operate. Method: Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 women and men working in Norwegian business banking, we analyze accounts of parental leave practices and how these bankers navigate the market conditions. Results: The analyses show how the market structure for finance banking and portfolio careers limits family policies, changing parenthood norms, and firms’ goodwill. Fathers postpone, split, and adapt “leave” to fit clients’ needs, thus sustaining their portfolio and career progress. In contrast, mothers, who typically take longer actual leave, give up clients and start from scratch upon return. Conclusion: Gendered use of parental leave within competitive market conditions leads to gendered career and wage patterns. More individualized competition in the wider labor market may increase inequality in parenting and careers, despite favorable cultural norms and policies, as long as public authorities, firms, and families accept individualized logics and gender-unequal practices of parental leave. Key words: fatherhood, father’s quota, portfolio careers, work-family dynamics, interview studyParental leave vs. competition for clients: Motherhood penalty in competitive work environmentspublishedVersio
Qu’est-ce qu’être historien aujourd’hui ? Permanence et mutations d’une communauté académique
No full textPortrait de la communauté des historiens académiques en France au début du XXIe siècle
Tillit, sosial orden og kunnskap: sosiologiske perspektiver på tillitens natur og funksjon i senmoderne samfunn
Get PDFSammendrag
Vår tids samfunn er preget av høy kompleksitet, formaliserte kontrollsystemer og utstrakt bruk av abstrakt og spesialisert kunnskap. Hvilken rolle spiller tillit i denne typen samfunn? Og hva slags tillit er det snakk om? Det finnes mye nyere samfunnsforskning på tillit, men i klassisk sosiologi er tillit sjelden et eksplisitt tema. I denne artikkelen løfter jeg fram noen klassiske sosiologers drøftinger av grunnlagsproblemer og viser hvordan tillit likevel (implisitt) er en del av disse diskusjonene. Ved å gjøre rede for Durkheims, Simmels, og Luhmanns tilnærminger til tillit, og særlig betydningen av tillit i situasjoner med kunnskapsmangel eller kunnskapsoverflod, kan vi utfylle forståelsen av tillitens natur og funksjon i senmoderne samfunn. Ved hjelp av to empiriske eksempler, en analyse av systemer for rekruttering av toppbyråkrater i sentralforvaltningen og en analyse av systemer for evaluering av akademikere, viser jeg hvordan systemer for tillit pragmatisk trer inn for å håndtere vanskelig håndterbar kompleksitet og kunnskapsoverflod. Samtidig skjuler tilliten vi har til disse systemene, uintenderte og utfordrende konsekvenser
Qu’est-ce qu’être historien aujourd’hui ? Permanence et mutations d’une communauté académique
No full textPortrait de la communauté des historiens académiques en France au début du XXIe siècle
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Motherhood Penalty—Beyond Bias? From Stereotypes to Substitutability Structures
Get PDFMothers continue to experience lower wages and slower career progression than fathers. Are mothers penalized due to prejudice or due to the costs of family-friendly work conditions? Our review of experimental studies on motherhood bias reveals a paradox: implicit bias against mothers is evident in many US and European studies, but absent in Scandinavian experimental studies; yet, mothers still face a wage and career gap. We revisit explanations related to social structures and gendered work–family specialization, including Goldin’s theory of exponential rewards for time and availability. By reviewing longitudinal Scandinavian studies and exploring the role of individual competition in particular job markets, we offer a nuanced understanding of flexibility and substitutability. Finally, we outline a shift in the theoretical lens for examining and challenging the wage and career gap—from stereotypes to substitutability structures—and introduce a model predicting the relation between individualized versus collective substitutability structures and the degree of individual and/or gendered costs.Motherhood Penalty—Beyond Bias? From Stereotypes to Substitutability StructurespublishedVersio
Social Encounters and the Worlds Beyond: Putting Situationalism to Work for Qualitative Interviews
Get PDFIn Goffman's terms, qualitative interviews are social encounters with their own realities. Hence, the ‘situational critique’ holds that interviews cannot produce knowledge about the world beyond these encounters, and that other methods, ethnography in particular, render lived life more accurately. The situational critique cannot be dismissed; yet interviewing remains an indispensable sociological tool. This paper demonstrates the value that situationalism holds for interviewing. We examine seemingly contradictory findings from interview studies of middle-class identity (cultural hierarchies and/or egalitarianism?). We then render these contradictions comprehensible by interpreting data excerpts through ‘methodological situationalism’: Goffman's theories of interaction order, ritual, and frontstage/backstage. In ‘situationalist interviewing,’ we suggest that sociologists be attentive to the ‘imagined audiences’ and ‘imagined communities’. These are key to identifying the situations, interaction orders, and cultural repertoires that lie beyond the interview encounter, but to which it refers. In sum, we argue for greater situational awareness among sociologists who must rely on interviews. We also discuss techniques and measures that can facilitate situational awareness. A promise of situational interviewing is that it helps us make sense of contradictions, ambiguities, and disagreements within and between interviews
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