1,720,969 research outputs found
Economía circular y “conocimiento experto circular”: mercado de segunda mano y estimadores profesionales en la Florencia del siglo XV
Full text linkMaking use of statutes as well as of a particular group of corporate sources, two registers entitled Deliberazioni e Statutaria, both promulgated in Florence by the Arte dei rigattieri (secondhand dealers) in the Late Middle Ages, this essay explores a crucial facet of circular economy, that of the regulation of the second-hand market in the 15th century. Control was operated through the activity of appraisers, sellers themselves, whom the Arte entrusted with the task of undertaking all necessary assessments of used garments that might have been required during daily transactions by different parties. By shedding light on key information like the fabrics and the fashion of secondhand clothing, this essay analyses all aspects of circular trade, from those prohibited by law, such as counterfeiting, to those adopted to facilitate business, such as the presence of officially appointed estimators.Haciendo uso tanto de los estatutos como de un grupo particular de fuentes corporativas, dos registros llamados Deliberazioni e Statutaria, ambos promulgados en Florencia por el Arte dei rigattieri (comerciantes de segunda mano) a finales de la Edad Media, este ensayo explora un aspecto crucial de la economía circular, el de la regulación del mercado de segunda mano en el siglo XV. El control se operaba a través de la actividad de tasadores, los propios vendedores, a quienes el Arte encomendó la tarea de realizar todas las evaluaciones necesarias de las prendas usadas que pudieran haber sido requeridas durante las transacciones diarias, por diferentes partes. Al arrojar luz sobre información clave como los tejidos y la moda de la ropa de segunda mano, este ensayo analiza todos los aspectos del comercio circular, desde los prohibidos por la ley, como la falsificación, hasta los adoptados para facilitar los negocios, como la presencia de empresas oficiales estimadores designados
Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis with an uncommon manifestation: clinicopathological features and review of literature.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The unglamorous side of shopping in late medieval Prato and Florence : the Ricordanze of Taddeo di Chello (1341-1408), and Piero Puro di Francesco da Vicchio (1397-1465)
Full text linkThis thesis examines virtually unstudied sources, the ricordanze of a wage-earner, Piero
Puro di Francesco da Vicchio of Florence, and the account book of a small tradesman, a
rigattiere, Taddeo di Chello of Prato. It also expands the framework of the information
available in these sources using records of property assets, taxes and commercial
transactions in the Florentine Catasto and Estimo. The thesis exploits the vast amount of
data available from and through these books of account to approach the theme of
clothing consumption in its various aspects – cultural and social as well as economic. It
also argues that clothing was one of the foremost indicators of one‟s improved status,
and that social mobility could be achieved through networking, and by projecting the
best image of oneself to the outer world. The thesis is structured in three parts. The first
reconstructs the clientele of a Pratese rigattiere, Taddeo, outlining the clothing,
materials and accessories sold, their cost and diffusion, primarily in an attempt to
establish their destination and use. The second part of the thesis is then dedicated to the
social and, especially, the economic significance of the accessories purchased. This was
possible thanks to the wealth of data provided by the case of Piero, whose consumption
practices are exceptionally well-documented in his extant books. The third part, a
comparative analysis of the cases of Piero and Taddeo's customers, demonstrates, as we
might expect, that different individual financial capacities determined different patterns
of consumption, but that these also depended on the individual's access to different
payment facilities, such as credit. Piero, thanks to his active, gradual and astute
penetration into a system of patronage and power relations, alongside a dense social
network – which played a fundamental role in his life – ultimately managed to improve
his and his family's living standards. Taddeo on the contrary, because of his inability
fully to develop a social network, ultimately compromised his professional
achievements
Domestic Devotions in the Early Modern World
Full text linkThis volume sets out to explore the world of domestic devotions and is premised on the assumption that the home was a central space of religious practice and experience throughout the early modern world. The contributions to this book, which deal with themes dating from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century, tell of the intimate relationship between humans and the sacred within the walls of the home. The volume demonstrates that the home cannot be studied in isolation: the sixteen essays, that encompass religious history, the histories of art and architecture, material culture, literary history, and social and cultural history, instead point individually and collectively to the porosity of the home and its connectedness with other institutions and broader communities
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Used goods and recycled objects in the late Middle Ages: a study of custom sources in Florence and Milan
No full textThrough the use of customs accounts the essay analyses the items used and recycled in the late Middle Ages. The two case-studies are the Florentine one, with two Stratti di Gabelle, and the Milanese one through the use of the Liber datii mercantie communis Mediolani:, between the second half of the 14th and the first half of the 15th century. Both rich and populous, and characterised by productions of different kinds and quality, the two cities were among the largest economic and commercial hubs in Italy and Europe. Legislation of a fiscal nature, enacted by the government of the Florentine Republic on the one hand and by the Visconti and later Sforza dukes on the other, placed great emphasis on the taxation of all goods entering and leaving the city gates and their respective territories. The list of merchandises also included second-hand goods, sometimes even cast-offs, as well as recycled and/or to-be-recycled objects. While Milan taxed indifferently all items in circulation, both used and new, applying a duty of 12 denari for every lira of value, Florence, on the other hand, issued specific measures to tax old and worn items differently from new ones, thus envisaging for the second-hand market and for the consumption of those who resorted to it a different economic treatment.Tramite l’uso di fonti fiscali il saggio analizza le merci e gli oggetti riciclati e usati nel tardo Medioevo. Le due realtà esaminate sono quella fiorentina, con due Stratti di Gabelle, e quella milanese, attraverso l’utilizzo del Liber datii mercantie communis Mediolani, tra la seconda metà del XIV e la prima metà del XV secolo. Entrambe ricche, popolose e caratterizzate da produzioni di diverso genere e qualità, le due città erano tra i più grandi hub economici e commerciali d’Italia e d’Europa. La legislazione di natura fiscale, emanata dal governo della Repubblica fiorentina da un lato e dalla Signoria Viscontea e poi Sforzesca dall’altro, pose molta attenzione alla tassazione di ogni merce in entrata e in uscita dalle porte delle due città e dai rispettivi territori. Tra le merci figuravano anche quelle usate, talvolta veri e propri scarti, come pure quelle riciclate e/o da riciclare. Mentre Milano tassò indifferentemente tutte le merci e gli oggetti, sia usati che nuovi, applicando un dazio di 12 denari per ogni lira di valore, Firenze emanò invece provvedimenti specifici per tassare le cose vecchie e usate in modo differente da quelle nuove, riservando pertanto al mercato dell’usato e al consumo di chi vi faceva ricorso un diverso trattamento economico. 
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