428 research outputs found
Revealing the history of sheep domestication using retrovirus integrations
No full textThe domestication of livestock represented a crucial step in human history. By using endogenous retroviruses as genetic markers, we found that sheep differentiated on the basis of their "retrotype" and morphological traits dispersed across Eurasia and Africa via separate migratory episodes. Relicts of the first migrations include the Mouflon, as well as breeds previously recognized as "primitive" on the basis of their morphology, such as the Orkney, Soay, and the Nordic short-tailed sheep now confined to the periphery of northwest Europe. A later migratory episode, involving sheep with improved production traits, shaped the great majority of present-day breeds. The ability to differentiate genetically primitive sheep from more modern breeds provides valuable insights into the history of sheep domestication
A-Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance-part 10
No full textOne enjoyable aspect of our A–Z series is that an issue often comprises a real assortment, such as occurs here. We have: citrulline, a non-essential amino acid; coenzyme Q10, a coenzyme that is part of the total antioxidant system; colostrum, the initial milk produced by mammals after giving birth, with bovine colostrum being a popular supplement among athletes because of its reported immune benefits; this is followed by conjugated linoleic acid, a series of structural and geometric isomers of linoleic acid which may play a role in optimising body composition; and, finally, copper, a mineral with multifunctional uses that may require monitoring in athletes at risk. We are grateful to our invited reviewers for their excellent contributions giving impartial advice on the value of these individual nutrients and supplements. They are establishing that, for some, performance evidence is limited or simply does not yet exist. <br/
A-Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 14
No full textPart 14 covers issues related to fats. General health messages tell us that we consume too much fat; thus it might seem strange to include it as a potential supplement for sports performance. But fat, in the form of our body stores, provides a relatively unlimited pool of energy: a critical adaptation to training is to enhance our ability to transport it, take it up into the muscle and oxidise it during exercise. However, even the most highly trained athletes have not reached maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise, since it can be increased even further by consumption of a high-fat diet prior to the exercise. Although fat oxidation has limited capacity as a fuel source for the high-intensity activities that underpin success in most sports, if fat supplements or other products could increase fat utilisation at more moderate exercise intensities, it might provide a way to ‘spare’ muscle glycogen stores for the high-intensity phases of sport. Another aspect is to consider the roles that fats play apart from their contribution to body fuel. The ?-3 (n-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), commonly known as fish oils because of their concentrated presence in some fatty fish, are of interest here because of a range of proposed physiological activities.<br/
Genetic variation among lambs in peripheral IgE activity against the larval stages of <i>Teladorsagia circumcincta</i>
No full textIgA and IgE activity against Teladorsagia circumcincta was investigated in a flock of Texel lambs following natural, mixed nematode infection among lambs. The distribution of IgA activity was similar to a gamma distribution whereas IgE activity was different. Box-Cox analysis demonstrated that X0.25 was a suitable transformation to normalise IgE responses. The transformed IgE activity was under moderate to strong genetic control. Nine different allergens were identified by proteomic analysis. Tropomyosin was selected for further analysis. IgE activity against tropomyosin was moderately heritable and associated with decreased egg counts and with reduced body weight at the time of sampling
A Paradigm for Virus–Host Coevolution: Sequential Counter Adaptations between Endogenous and Exogenous Retroviruses
No full textAutonomism
No full textThis chapter examines autonomism. Autonomism is roughly the view that an artwork’s ethical properties do not bear on its aesthetic or artistic value. The author sketches some of the view’s history before describing various versions of it defended over the last quarter-century. These are divided into ‘radical’, ‘robust’, and ‘moderate’ forms of autonomism. The author considers the strengths and weaknesses of each. The author also devotes some space to the ‘interactionist’ views against which contemporary autonomism is typically opposed. In doing so, he considers the so-called ‘qua problem’ at some length, as well its bearing on these various autonomist positions
Efficacy of treatment of cattle for liver fluke at housing: influence of differences in flukicidal activity against juvenile Fasciola hepatica
No full textFlukicides are commonly administered at housing to cattle that have grazed fluke-infected pastures or that have been purchased from endemic areas. The choice of product is determined by numerous factors, one of which is the stages of Fasciola hepatica that are killed. Flukicides can be categorised into three main groups: (A) those that kill all juvenile stages and adults; (B) those that kill juveniles from six to eight weeks of age and adults and (C) those that kill adults only. This study was conducted on a commercial beef farm in Scotland and was designed to compare the efficacy of flukicides from each of these three classes in terms of their effects on faecal egg output, coproantigen and liveweight gain. The majority of animals in the untreated control group were positive for coproantigen, fluke eggs or both throughout the study duration of 16 weeks. Egg reappearance interval following housing treatment was eight weeks for clorsulon and 13 weeks for nitroxynil, though patent infections in both groups developed in only a small minority of animals; no fluke eggs were recovered from cattle treated with triclabendazole. Coproantigen was detected four weeks before the reappearance of fluke eggs in the dung. Animals treated with flukicides had significantly fewer faecal samples positive for eggs (P<0.006) and coproantigen (P<0.05) following treatment compared with the controls. Despite differences in the efficacy profiles among the flukicide-treated groups, there were no significant differences (P<0.05) in growth rates among any of the four treatment groups. There was, however, a significant negative association (P<0.001) between fluke positivity at housing and subsequent growth performance, irrespective of treatment group
Stear, Barbara (Death, 1899-05-15)
No full textAddress: 1033 Clark St.Age at death: 42 yrs.Pg 59/1899/319/F W M/Germany/Dr. G. B. Twitchell/Wm. Kuntz/Vine St. HillOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'STAHL-STEFFEE'
Revealing the history of animal domestication and migrations using endogenous retroviruses
No full textRecommended from our members
Dual-language drama as a door to classic literature
No full textThe author believes that the mediation of classic literature through drama would increase student\u27s opportunity for academic success on the secondary and post-secondary levels of education. This project develops curriculum and materials using dramatic adaptations of ancient literature created by the author
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