8 research outputs found
An example of a narrative that contains contextual details compared to their corresponding misleading questions without contextual details.
No full textAn example of a narrative that contains contextual details compared to their corresponding misleading questions without contextual details.</p
Tesseract Sonoro: patrones numéricos, representaciones geométricas y aplicación musical a partir del hipercubo mágico de orden 3
No full textOchenta y un números asignados a ochenta y un notas, tales como figuran en modelos de hipercubos mágicos de orden 3 (34 = 81), brindan patrones de distancias (numéricas-interválicas) de determinada regularidad y simetría -- Existen múltiples maneras de representar y leer los ordenamientos numéricos, de modo que se pueden escoger muy distintas maneras de abocar el orden de aparición musical de las notas en cada episodio de 81 de ellas -- Por su rigor matemático, la intuición tendería a presuponer que el resultado sonoro sería siempre atonal y abstracto (en semejanzas con el más puro estilo Weberniano) -- Sin embargo, muchas de las variantes muestran agrupaciones significativamente regulares por coincidencia de octavas, dando como resultado colecciones consistentes, perceptibles y clasificables tonalmente -- Podemos ir de los patrones numéricos a la aplicación musical y, de ahí, a las representaciones geométricas, para arribar finalmente al tratamiento artístico -- La composición de “Tesseract” para orquesta de cuerdas (2015) parte de los conceptos de representación geométrica para regir el diseño de su macroforma, siempre con la idea de dar dirección a la atención del oyente -- Los números y las representaciones geométricas (abstractos y atemporales) son investidos de un flujo temporal para ofrecer así una experiencia estética en la manera de la música como arte diacrónicoMaestríaMagíster en Músic
Trichoderma Pers.
No full textTrichoderma Pers., Neues Magazin f̧r die Botanik 1: 92 (1794) Index Fungorum number: IF 10282 Type species: Trichoderma viride Pers., Neues Magazin f̧r die Botanik 1: 92 (1794) Notes: Trichoderma has been known since at least the 1920s for their antagonistic properties to act as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens (Harman 2006). Recently, 495 records have been listed in the index Fungorum (2023). Trichoderma are soilborne, green-spored ascomycetes, these fungi are often isolated from forest or agricultural soils worldwide and present typical green sporulation in vitro (Brotman et al. 2010, Zhang et al. 2022). Some strains of Trichoderma are opportunistic plant symbionts, that effectively colonize roots, and have evolved multiple mechanisms to increase plant growth and productivity (Harman 2000, 2006). Moreover, Trichoderma is a strong mycoparasite, and shows excellent antagonistic properties to other fungi to produce antibiotics that affect other microbes (Weindling 1934, Weindling & Fawcett 1936). Therefore, Trichoderma is an ideal biocontrol agent in agriculture. Especially, Trichoderma reesei is famous as an industrially important cellulolytic filamentous fungus that produced secondgeneration biofuels from cellulosic waste (Schuster & Schmoll 2010).Published as part of Yang, Erfu, Lu, Wenhua, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Gao, Ying, Promputtha, Itthayakorn & Karunarathna, Samantha C., 2023, Three interesting fungi from American bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana) in Yunnan, China, pp. 251-268 in Phytotaxa 587 (3) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/774440
How micro-evolution can guide macro-evolution: multi-scale search via evolved modular variation
No full textA divide-and-conquer approach to problem solving can in principle be far more efficient than tackling a problem as a monolithic whole. This type of approach is most appropriate when problems have the type of modular organisation known as near-decomposability, as implicit in many natural and engineered systems. Existing methods create higher scale composite units from non-random combinations of lower-scale units that reflect sub-problem optima. The use of composite units affords search at a higher scale that, when applied recursively, can ultimately lead to optimal top-level solutions. But for this approach to be efficient, we must decompose a problem in a manner that respects its intrinsic modular structure, information which is in general unavailable a priori. Thus, identifying and subsequently exploiting the structure recursively is vital in providing fully automatic problem decomposition.In this thesis, we define a family of algorithms that probabilistically adapt the scale of decomposition they use to reflect the structure in a problem. By doing so, they can provide optimisation that is provably superior to any single scale of search in nearly decomposable problems. Our proposed framework couples two adaptive processes: a rapid, fine-scale search that guides a slower adaptation of the decomposition. This results in a scaling up of the units used in the rapid search, now operating at a macro-scale. We find that separating the timescales for the fine-scale search and the adaptation of the decomposition is crucial for this kind of scalable optimisation. Using a simple and general class of problems that have no systematic structure, we demonstrate how our approach can nevertheless exploit the incidental structure present. Furthermore, we use idealised cases that have simple modular structure to demonstrate how our method scales as ?(N log N) (where N is the problem size), despite the fact that single-scale search methods scale as ? (2 ?N) – and support this distinction analytically.Although our approach is algorithmically superior to single-scale search, the underlying principles that it is constructed from are simple and can operate using only localised feedback. We discuss intriguing parallels between our approach and the significance of associative evolution for ecosystem adaptation. Our results suggest that macro-evolutionary processes might not be merely extended micro-evolution, but that the action of evolutionary processes upon several scales is fundamentally different from the conventional view of (micro-)evolution at a single scale
Essential medicines at the national level: the global asthma network's essential asthma Medicines Survey 2014
No full textPatients with asthma need uninterrupted supplies of affordable, quality-assured essential medicines. However, access in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Global Action Plan 2013–2020 sets an 80% target for essential NCD medicines’ availability. Poor access is partly due to medicines not being included on the national Essential Medicines Lists (EML) and/or National Reimbursement Lists (NRL) which guide the provision of free/subsidised medicines. We aimed to determine how many countries have essential asthma medicines on their EML and NRL, which essential asthma medicines, and whether surveys might monitor progress. A cross-sectional survey in 2013–2015 of Global Asthma Network principal investigators generated 111/120 (93%) responses—41 high-income countries and territories (HICs); 70 LMICs. Patients in HICs with NRL are best served (91% HICs included ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and salbutamol). Patients in the 24 (34%) LMICs with no NRL and the 14 (30%) LMICs with an NRL, however no ICS are likely to have very poor access to affordable, quality-assured ICS. Many LMICs do not have essential asthma medicines on their EML or NRL. Technical guidance and advocacy for policy change is required. Improving access to these medicines will improve the health system’s capacity to address NCD
Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis
No full textAsthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of "one-airway-one-disease," coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitization and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definitions, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches, and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases with skin, gut, and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the "Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis." This review determined that the "one-airway-one-disease" concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme "allergic" (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis alone and rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity represent two distinct diseases with the following differences: (i) genomic and transcriptomic background (Toll-Like Receptors and IL-17 for rhinitis alone as a local disease; IL-33 and IL-5 for allergic and non-allergic multimorbidity as a systemic disease), (ii) allergen sensitization patterns (mono- or pauci-sensitization versus polysensitization), (iii) severity of symptoms, and (iv) treatment response. In conclusion, rhinitis alone (local disease) and rhinitis with asthma multimorbidity (systemic disease) should be considered as two distinct diseases, possibly modulated by the microbiome, and may be a model for understanding the epidemics of chronic and autoimmune diseases
Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: a model for multimorbid chronic diseases.
No full textBackground: In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy. Main body: As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted "patient activation", (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Santé as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care. Conclusion: In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement
Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: a model for multimorbid chronic diseases
No full textBackground
In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy.
Main body
As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted “patient activation”, (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Santé as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care.
Conclusion
In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement
