15 research outputs found
Responsabilità
No full textIl diritto della responsabilità civile ha rappresentato un campo di elezione per la diffusione del concetto di dignità in ambito giuridico. Secondo l’autore, nonostante il frequente uso di questo termine, sfugge ai più la necessità di enuclearne il significato attingendo al sapere filosofico, affinché possa essere un utile strumento trasformativo della società.
Dignity is a recurring concept in the jurisprudence on torts. Despite the frequent use of this term, few private law theorists have been committed to understanding its meaning through philosophical knowledge. According to the author, only by understanding the meaning of word dignity, its legal use can help to transform society
Nicole Oresme. Tractatus de origine, natura, jure et mutationibus monetarum. Analisi introduttiva, trascrizione, traduzione e apparato critico
No full textThe Tractatus de origine et natura, iure et mutationibus monetarum of Nicholas Oresme, written in Latin in 1355-1356 and later translated in French by the author himself, might be seen as one of the most important works to read in perspective the late-medieval thought on the nature of money and the role of the sovereign and the political body of the community. This work, here offered in a newly revised Italian edition, built on some manuscripts preserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, appears from the onset as having a particularly marked political vocation, as it is addressed to the king of France Charles the Fifth, of whom Oresme was an advisor. The Norman magister has often been portrayed as a fervent supporter of a metallist view of the nature of money, as if its value were nothing more than the market value of the gold or silver it was made of, a perspective that might be characterised as one of private-law. However, a thorough reading of Oresme’s monetary writings, that takes good stock of their historical contextualisation in the troubled monetary anarchy of the 1350s and of the interpretative links pointing to Aristotle’s Politics and Ethics – known, translated and glossed by Oresme –, reveals a more complex analysis, that cannot be confined to the all-out defence of the intrinsic metallic stability of money. Rather, the proposed interpretation will qualify Oresme as a political advisor that perceives and appreciates the nature of money as a social institution, whose value and role is determined by those, the whole body of the political community, that are sovereign over money and resort to it in negotiations. In this political dimension of the government of the monetary institution emerges the structural role that Oresme attributes to the faith that must rest with those tasked with governing money: thus, the accent posed on the importance of preserving its value assumes a procedural dimension that aims at granting that the institution of money continues to fulfil its social metric role.Il Tractatus sulla moneta del filosofo e teologo Nicola Oresme, redatto in latino nel 1355-1356 e poi tradotto in francese dallo stesso autore, costituisce uno dei testi cardine della riflessione medievale sullo statuto della moneta e su chi ne sia sovrano. Quest’opera - di cui si propone una nuova e riveduta edizione italiana, impostata a partire da alcuni manoscritti conservati presso la Bibliothèque Nationale de France - testimonia sin dal suo avvio la sua forte valenza politica, avendo come primo interlocutore Carlo V il Saggio, il re di Francia di cui Oresme fu consigliere. Il magister normanno è stato spesso salutato quale fautore di una visione metallista della moneta, una merce tra le altre che vale tanto quanto l’oro o l’argento di cui è fatta, inserita in un’ottica schiettamente privatistica. Tuttavia, una lettura più attenta degli scritti monetari oresmiani, che metta in prospettiva sia il periodo storico in cui il testo fu redatto, caratterizzato da una diffusa anarchia monetaria, sia le relazioni che il Trattato stesso suggerisce rispetto ai passaggi aristotelici conosciuti e poi commentati dallo stesso Oresme, rivela un pensiero più complesso e più profondo. La cifra sintetica della sua riflessione monetaria non è infatti riducibile a una difesa ad oltranza dell’intrinseco metallico, ma si qualifica per lo spessore politico e teorico espresso dal consigliere regale che vede e apprezza della moneta il suo significato istituzionale. Il suo valore è stabilito da chi di quella moneta può dirsi sovrano e, al tempo stesso, fruitore: la comunità politica tutta. La dimensione eminentemente politica dell’istituzione-moneta emerge proprio da una rilettura complessiva del trattato. In esso il ruolo della fiducia nell’amministratore della divisa assume un’importanza strutturale incidendo sul valore della moneta e sulla necessità che esso venga tutelato e garantito attraverso precise garanzie procedurali sicché la moneta possa mantenere il suo fondamentale ruolo sociale: quello di misura
Clinical efficacy of different monoclonal antibody regimens among non-hospitalised patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 at high risk for disease progression: a prospective cohort study
No full textThis study aimed to compare the clinical progression of COVID-19 in high-risk outpatients treated with the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) bamlanivimab, bamlanivimab-etesevimab and casirivimab-imdevimab. This is an observational, multi-centre, prospective study conducted from 18 March to 15 July 2021 in eight Italian tertiary-care hospitals including mild-to-moderate COVID-19 outpatients receiving bamlanivimab (700 mg), bamlanivimab-etesevimab (700–1400 mg) or casirivimab-imdevimab (1200–1200 mg). All patients were at high risk of COVID-19 progression according to Italian Medicines Agency definitions. In a patient subgroup, SARS-CoV-2 variant and anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology were analysed at baseline. Factors associated with 28-day all-cause hospitalisation were identified using multivariable multilevel logistic regression (MMLR) and summarised with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 635 outpatients received mAb: 161 (25.4%) bamlanivimab, 396 (62.4%) bamlanivimab-etesevimab and 78 (12.2%) casirivimab-imdevimab. Ninety-five (15%) patients received full or partial SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant was detected in 99% of patients. Baseline serology showed no significant differences among the three mAb regimen groups. Twenty-eight-day all-cause hospitalisation was 11.3%, with a significantly higher proportion (p 0.001) in the bamlanivimab group (18.6%), compared to the bamlanivimab-etesevimab (10.1%) and casirivimab-imdevimab (2.6%) groups. On MMLR, aORs for 28-day all-cause hospitalisation were significantly lower in patients receiving bamlanivimab-etesevimab (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30–0.88 p 0.015) and casirivimab-imdevimab (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.61, p 0.009) compared to those receiving bamlanivimab. No patients with a history of vaccination were hospitalised. The study suggests differences in clinical outcomes among the first available mAb regimens for treating high-risk COVID-19 outpatients. Randomised trials are needed to compare efficacy of mAb combination regimens in high-risk populations and according to circulating variants
Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic type B hepatitis
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Meu melhor vestido de informante: A Equação Erótica no Trabalho de Campo- Esther Newton
No full textWe present here a first translation into Spanish of this essay written by Esther Newton, a pioneering anthropologist in studies on drag queens, sexual communities and processes of homosociability in American urban contexts. In the text she asks about the "erotic dimension" in and of fieldwork, for which she begins by reviewing the place it (did not) occupy in the writing of the most exemplary ethnographies produced throughout most of the last century. In the same sense, she pointed out the way in which this "silence" slipped into a marginal space in secondary writings or hallway conversations, producing as an effect the establishment of an obligatory heterosexuality between those who researched and those who were constituted as "research subjects". Newton proposes to question the absence of this social dimension in field narratives and raises a fundamental question: What knowledge does anthropology produce by ignoring eroticism as a constitutive dimension of subjectivity, both for researchers and their interlocutors? Between the recovery of different "consecrated" ethnographies and accounts of her own fieldwork, the author immerses us in a web of relationships where the erotic becomes a component that configures a vital dimension, producer of social ties and crossed by power relations. This text by Newton offers us a powerful invitation to think about the relationship between attraction and creativity, desire and repulsion, eroticism and knowledge. It also proposes the possibility of thinking anthropological (field) work as a seduction. We hope, then, that his prose will finally prove attractive.Presentamos aquí una primera traducción al español de este ensayo escrito por Esther Newton, una antropóloga pionera en estudios sobre drag queens, comunidades sexuales y procesos de homosociabilidad en contextos urbanos estadounidenses. En el texto se pregunta por la "dimensión erótica" en y del trabajo de campo, para lo cual comienza revisando el lugar que (no) ocupó en la escritura de las etnografías más ejemplares producidas durante gran parte del siglo pasado. En el mismo sentido, señaló el modo en que ese “silencio” se deslizó en un espacio marginal en escritos secundarios o conversaciones de pasillo produciendo como efecto la instauración de una heterosexualidad obligatoria entre quienes investigaban y quienes eran constituidos como "sujetos de investigación". Newton nos propone cuestionar la ausencia de esta dimensión social en los relatos de campo y habilita una pregunta fundamental: ¿Qué conocimiento produce la antropología obviando el erotismo como dimensión constitutiva de la subjetividad, tanto para les investigadores como para sus interlocutores? Entre la recuperación de distintas etnografías "consagradas" y relatos de su propio trabajo de campo, la autora nos sumerge en un entramado de relaciones donde lo erótico deviene en un componente que configura una dimensión vital, productora de lazos sociales y atravesada por relaciones de poder. Este texto de Newton nos acerca una potente invitación a pensar la relación entre atracción y creatividad, entre deseo y repulsión, entre erotismo y conocimiento. También propone la posibilidad de pensar el trabajo (de campo) antropológico como una seducción. Esperamos entonces que su prosa resulte finalmente atractiva.Apresentamos aqui uma primeira tradução para o espanhol deste ensaio escrito por Esther Newton, antropóloga pioneira em estudos sobre drag queens, comunidades sexuais e processos de homosociabilidade nos contextos urbanos americanos. No texto, ela pergunta sobre a "dimensão erótica" no e do trabalho de campo, para o qual ela começa revendo o lugar que ela (não) ocupa na escrita das etnografias mais exemplares produzidas ao longo da maior parte do século passado. No mesmo sentido, ela apontou a forma como este "silêncio" escorregou para um espaço marginal em escritos secundários ou conversas de corredor, produzindo como efeito o estabelecimento de uma heterossexualidade obrigatória entre aqueles que pesquisaram e aqueles que foram constituídos como "sujeitos de pesquisa". Newton propõe questionar a ausência desta dimensão social nas narrativas de campo e levanta uma questão fundamental: Que conhecimento produz a antropologia ao ignorar o erotismo como dimensão constitutiva da subjetividade, tanto para os pesquisadores quanto para seus interlocutores? Entre a recuperação de diferentes etnografias "consagradas" e relatos de seu próprio trabalho de campo, a autora nos mergulha em uma teia de relações onde o erótico se torna um componente que configura uma dimensão vital, produtor de laços sociais e atravessado por relações de poder. Este texto de Newton nos oferece um poderoso convite para pensar sobre a relação entre atração e criatividade, desejo e repulsa, erotismo e conhecimento. Ele também propõe a possibilidade de pensar o trabalho antropológico (de campo) como uma sedução. Esperamos, então, que sua prosa se mostre finalmente atraente
The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Production of Cytokines by Human Lung Macrophages
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is involved in the recognition of and response to microbial infections. These receptors are expressed in leukocytes. TLR stimulation induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Given that human lung macrophages (LMs) constitute the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens, the objective of this study was to investigate the expression and function of TLR subtypes in this cell population. Methods: Human primary LMs were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection. The RNA and protein expression levels of TLRs, chemokines, and cytokines were assessed after incubation with subtype-selective agonists. Results: In human LMs, the TLR expression level varied from one subtype to another. Stimulation with subtype-selective agonists induced an intense, concentration- and time-dependent increase in the production of chemokines and cytokines. TLR4 stimulation induced the strongest effect, whereas TLR9 stimulation induced a much weaker response. Conclusions: The stimulation of TLRs in human LMs induces intense cytokine and chemokine production, a characteristic of the proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
Human lung and monocyte-derived macrophages differ with regard to the effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists on cytokine release
No full textInternational audienceBackground: β2-adrenoceptor agonists have been shown to reduce the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine release by human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We compare the expression of β2-adrenoceptors and the inhibitory effect of formoterol and salmeterol on the LPS-induced release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and a range of chemokines (CCL2, 3, 4, and IL-8) by human lung macrophages (LMs) and MDMs. Methods: LMs were isolated from patients undergoing resection and MDMs were obtained from blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF. LMs and MDMs were incubated in the absence or presence of formoterol or salmeterol prior to stimulation with LPS. The effects of formoterol were also assessed in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor roflumilast. Results: LPS-induced cytokine production was higher in LMs than in MDMs. Salmeterol and formoterol exerted an inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 in MDMs. In contrast, the β2-adrenoceptor agonists were devoid of any effect on LMs - even in the presence of roflumilast. The expression of β2-adrenergic receptors was detected on Western blots in MDMs but not in LMs. Conclusions: Concentrations of β2-adrenoceptor agonists that cause relaxation of the human bronchus can inhibit cytokine production by LPS-stimulated MDMs but not by LMs. © 2017 The Author(s)
Procedimentos para integrar os conceitos de empreendedorismo no ensino fundamental
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de ProduçãoAs competências empreendedoras são importantes para a sociedade, pois elas permitem a inovação e o sucesso do empreendimento, resultando no desenvolvimento social e econômico. Essa constatação somada a preocupação em formar indivíduos pró-ativos, capacitados e com habilidades específicas para o mercado de trabalho, provoca um processo reflexivo, na tentativa de repensar uma forma de como desenvolver tais profissionais. O presente trabalho diz respeito a um estudo sobre o comportamento empreendedor, mais especificamente ao desenvolvimento das competências em alunos do ensino fundamental. A construção teórica é fundamentada a partir do processo de aprendizagem baseado pela pedagogia construtivista, das características comportamentais determinadas por Lezana e Tonelli (1998) e das definições de competências delineadas por Fleury (2002). A fusão de tais constructos permite a elaboração e a execução da pesquisa propriamente dita: elaboração de procedimentos de integração entre os conceitos citados e o projeto político pedagógico visando o desenvolvimento de competências empreendedoras. The enterprising abilities are important to society because they allow the innovation and the success of the enterprise, resulting in social and economic development. This statement added to the concern in form proactive individuals, capable and provided by specific abilities to the labor market lead to a reflective process, trying to rethink the way how to develop these professionals. This piece of work presents a study about enterprising behavior, specifically describing the development of abilities in pupils of basic education. The theoretical construction is based from the learning process based by constructive pedagogy of the mannering characteristics established by Lezana and Tonelli (1998) and of the definitions of delineated abilities by Fleury (2002). The fusing of such topics allows the elaboration and the execution of the research properly said: elaboration of the procedures of integration among the mentioned concepts and the pedagogical politician project aiming the development of enterprising abilities
