466 research outputs found
The European Court of Justice and National Courts' Approach to the Kompetenz-Kompetenz Question: The Cases of Germany and the UK
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MAEUS Talk Vol. 1 No.2 - Serena Yang Li-Setzer.pdf: 166548 bytes, checksum: 40627228908a507f54369ee02213d441 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T14:38:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
MAEUS Talk Vol. 1 No.2 - Serena Yang Li-Setzer.pdf: 166548 bytes, checksum: 40627228908a507f54369ee02213d441 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-04Ope
Neural Readability Pairwise Ranking for Sentences in Italian Administrative Language
No full textAutomatic Readability Assessment aims at assigning a complexity level to a given text, which could help improve the accessibility to information in specific domains, such as the administrative one. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of a Neural Pairwise Ranking Model (NPRM) for sentence-level readability assessment of Italian administrative texts. To deal with data scarcity, we experiment with cross-lingual, cross- and in-domain approaches, and test our models on Admin-It, a new parallel corpus in the Italian administrative language, containing sentences simplified using three different rewriting strategies. We show that NPRMs are effective in zero-shot scenarios ({\textasciitilde}0.78 ranking accuracy), especially with ranking pairs containing simplifications produced by overall rewriting at the sentence-level, and that the best results are obtained by adding in-domain data (achieving perfect performance for such sentence pairs). Finally, we investigate where NPRMs failed, showing that the characteristics of the training data, rather than its size, have a bigger effect on a model{'}s performance
Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders
No full textElevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 181,171 individuals, we identified 14 new loci associated with heart rate and confirmed associations with all 7 previously established loci. Experimental downregulation of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio identified 20 genes at 11 loci that are relevant for heart rate regulation and highlight a role for genes involved in signal transmission, embryonic cardiac development and the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death. In addition, genetic susceptibility to increased heart rate is associated with altered cardiac conduction and reduced risk of sick sinus syndrome, and both heart rate-increasing and heart rate-decreasing variants associate with risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms regulating heart rate and identify new therapeutic targets
Otimização e aplicação da microextração em fase sólida com e sem refrigeração interna em amostras de ervas medicinais e água de rio
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Quimica, Florianópolis, 2013A microextração em fase sólida no modo de extração headspace (HS-SPME) e a microextração em fase sólida com recobrimento internamente refrigerado no modo headspace (HS-CF-SPME) foram utilizadas para a determinação do perfil volátil de amostras de ervas medicinais comumente encontrados no sul do Brasil. Otimizações multivariadas permitiram o estabelecimento das condições de extração para ambos procedimentos e as análises foram feitas por cromatografia gasosa. Foi testada a utilização de duas temperaturas da fibra no mesmo procedimento de extração, sendo posteriormente comparados os procedimentos, tendo a estratégia baseada em utilizar duas temperaturas da fibra apresentado melhor desempenho levando em conta a totalidade de compostos. A utilização de dois modos de extração (imersão direta e headspace) e duas temperaturas de extração em um mesmo procedimento de SPME para a determinação simultânea de trihalometanos e pesticidas organoclorados em amostras aquosas também foi estudada. Otimizações multivariadas para a escolha das melhores formas de extração (headspace e imersão direta) forma aplicadas. A partir desta otimização foi construída a curva de calibração para os compostos estudados sendo obtidos resultados satisfatórios quanto aos parâmetros analíticos de mérito e a aplicabilidade foi testada em amostras de água do rio Araranguá - SC.Abstract : The solid phase microextraction in headspace extraction mode (HSSPME) and internally-cooled-solid phase microextraction in headspace mode (HS-CF-SPME) were used for determining the volatile profile in samples of herbs commonly found in southern Brazil, such as sage, artichoke, fennel, peppermint, macela and chamomile. Multivariate optimizations allowed the determination of the extraction conditions for both procedures and analyzes were performed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) the responses were the geometric means of extracted compounds. The optimized conditions for the HS-SPME procedure were 60 °C and 40 min respectively for temperature and extraction time. For the HS-CF-SPME procedure the optimized condition was extraction temperature 60 °C and the extraction time of 15 min with the fiber coating temperature optimized at 5 °C. The use of two fiber temperatures in the HS-CF-SPME procedure in order to extract volatile and semi-volatile compounds has been optimized , were used 60 °C in first 7.5 min and 5 °C in 7.5 min remaining, on a total extraction time of 15 min. Both procedures HS-CF-SPME were compared, and the HS-CF-SPME procedure with one fiber temperature performed better only for the more volatile compounds, and the strategy of using two fiber temperatures showed better performance for all compounds. It was also possible to determine the volatile profile of each herb studied by this sample praparation technique using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The use of two extraction modes (direct immersion and headspace) and two extraction temperatures in the same SPME procedure to simultaneous determination of trihalomethanes (THM) and organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples was studied. Multivariate optimizations for the choice of the best extraction conditions (headspace and direct immersion) so applied. Regarding the use of two modes of simultaneous extraction in a single extraction procedure, the ideal conditions were extraction time of 70 min, 28 min in the HS-SPME mode at 12 °C (favoring the extraction of THM) and 42 min in the DISPME mode at 80 °C (favoring the extraction of organochlorine pesticides). From this optimization was made a calibration curve for the compounds studied were obtained correlation coefficients above of 0.98; percentage of recovery between 90.8 - 103.7% and relative standard deviations between 11.4 e 17.9%, both this dates were obtained to concentrations of 20 ?g.L-1 being the arithmetic mean of triplicates (n=3). After, this procedure was applied in water samples collected from the river Araranguá - SC
Quando una Donna sotto un Tetto significa Pace: l’Eco del Sessismo e della Disparità di Genere nella Lingua Cinese
No full textLa lingua cinese, con la sua storia millenaria e la profonda radicazione nella cultura tradizionale, riflette chiaramente l'eco delle concezioni di genere che hanno permeato la società cinese per secoli. Questo elaborato esplora la complessa intersezione tra la visione tradizionale della donna nella cultura cinese e le norme linguistiche che plasmano la lingua cinese contemporanea.
La visione confuciana della donna come figura sottomessa e dedicata all'ambiente domestico ha avuto un impatto duraturo sulla società cinese. Questa prospettiva è stata fortemente influenzata dalla teoria dello Yin e dello Yang, che associa il femminile al passivo e al debole, mentre il maschile è considerato attivo e forte.
Una delle manifestazioni più tangibili di questo sessismo culturale è il bias di genere di ren 人, il carattere per "persona", e delle parole associate a professioni tradizionalmente maschili. Questi termini, apparentemente neutri poiché non presentano una marcatura di genere esplicita, possiedono comunque una categorizzazione intrinseca, per la quale assumono il valore semantico .
Persino i caratteri cinesi, importantissimi canali culturali che portano con sé una storia e una simbologia complesse, possono rivelare un bias di genere. Il carattere cinese per "uomo" (nan, 男) include il radicale "forza" (li, 力), mentre il carattere per "donna" (nǚ, 女) non solo non contiene lo stesso elemento, ma rappresenta una donna in ginocchio. Questa è una sottolineatura della forza maschile che ne riflette la percezione tradizionale di superiorità rispetto alla debolezza femminile.
In conclusione, il sessismo e la disparità di genere sono strettamente interconnessi con la lingua cinese, con manifestazioni più o meno evidenti che possono sfuggire all'osservazione immediata. Pertanto, è necessaria una presa di coscienza e consapevolezza da parte di chi fa uso di questa lingua affinché non persistano silenziosamente, trasmettendo un triste messaggio di disuguaglianza
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Computational Complexity
No full textThis reprint is mainly concerned with quantum algorithms, their mathematics from behind and the complexity issues arising from them. It comprises seven papers: Two of them are focused on improving the performance by means of quantum algorithms over the best instances of classical ones: “A Fast Quantum Image Component Labeling Algorithm” [1] by Yan Li, Dapeng Hao, Yang Xu and Kinkeung Lai. “Quantum Algorithms for Some Strings Problems Based on Quantum String Comparator” [2] by Kamil Khadiev, Artem Ilikaev and Jevgenijs Vihrovs. Another four papers deal with enhanced quantum algorithms: “Progress towards Analytically Optimal Angles in Quantum Approximate Optimisation”: [3] by Daniil Rabinovich, Richik Sengupta, Ernesto Campos, Vishwanathan Akshay and Jacob Biamonte. “Quantum Weighted Fractional Fourier Transform” [4] by Tieyu Zhao, Tianyu Yang and Yingying Chi. “On the Amplitude Amplification of Quantum States Corresponding to the Solutions of the Partition Problem” [5] by Mauro Mezzini, Jose J. Paulet, Fernando Cuartero, Hernan I. Cruz and Fernando L. Pelayo. “On the Complexity of Finding the Maximum Entropy Compatible Quantum State” [6] by Serena Di Giorgio and Paulo Mateus. Last, but not least, one paper researched a classical operational research problem by means of quantum annealing: “GPS: A New TSP Formulation for Its Generalizations Type QUBO” [7] by Saul Gonzalez-Bermejo, Guillermo Alonso-Linaje and Parfait Atchade-Adelomou. As Guest Editors, we would like to thank the authors and reviewers who made this possible by promoting, spreading research on and supporting quantum computing
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
No full textMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
The regulation of the autophagic network and its implications for human disease
No full textAutophagy has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. More and more proteins and signaling pathways have been discovered that somehow feed into the autophagy regulatory pathways. Regulation of autophagy is complex and condition-specific, and in several diseases, autophagic fluxes are changed. Here, we review the most well-established concepts in this field as well as the reported signaling pathways or components which steer the autophagy machinery. Furthermore, we will highlight how autophagic fluxes are changed in various diseases either as cause for or as response to deal with an altered cellular homeostasis and how modulation of autophagy might be used as potential therapy for such diseases
Author Correction: Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing
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