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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN KALE DALAM SEDIAAN KRIM TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, STABILITAS FISIK, AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN HEDONIK
No full textKale leaf (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a type of leaf vegetable plant from thefamily Brassicaceae which has a high secondary metabolite content, one of which is rich in anthocyanin pigments which have antioxidant properties which are provided in the form of cream. The most commonly used cosmetic preparations for skin care are cream dosage forms because the cream is easy to spread evenly on the skin and is not sticky. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of kale leaf extract (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) on physical characteristics, physical stability, antioxidant and hedonic activity. The research stages include macerating kale leaves with 70% ethanol, then making cream with variations in concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%, then physical characteristics testing includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, viscosity tests, and spreadability test. Physical stability testing using themethod cycling test, antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method and hedonic testing using a questionnaire. Analysis of the data for physical characteristics, antioxidant activity using linear regression and descriptive hedonic and physical stability using SPSS 25. The results of the physical characteristics of kale leaf cream showed that the greater the concentration of extract in the preparation, there was an increase in pH and viscosity tests, while the spreadability test occurred. decline. The physical stability of the cream with extract concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% showed a significant value because of the effect of different concentrations of kale leaf extract on pH, spreadability and viscosity. In testing the antioxidant activity of cream preparations of 70% ethanol extract of kale leaves, the greater the concentration of kale leaf extract, the greater the antioxidant activity. In hedonic, the respondents preferred the most, namely the fourth formula with an extract concentration of 1.0%
Counterfeiting Products that Harm Business Brand Owners and Consumers
Get PDFPemalsuan barang maupun merek sangat menimbulkan kerugian untuk pengusaha, dengan demikian dalam hal ini sangat diperlukan perlindungan hak perekonomian. Penelitian ini memakai metode pendekatan Yuridis normatif, yakni penelitian hukum yang dilaksanakan melalui penelitian bahan ataupun data pustaka yang menjadi data sekunder dalam bentuk bahan hukum tersier, bahan hukum primer, ataupun bahan hukum sekunder yakni menganalisis mengenai peraturan untuk menegakkan hukum. Barang palsu sangat mudah diperoleh di pasaran; pada kasus Putusan No: 67/Pid.B/2013/PN.Pwk. terdakwa dikenai sanksi pidana dan denda relatif ringan yaitu sebesar Rp 5.000.000-, hal ini menyebabkan terdakwa pemalsuan merek ataupun produk tidak jera. Distribusi produk palsu lokal dan import yang sangat mudah didapat membuat produk palsu makin marak dipasaran. Berdasarkan UU Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 tahun 2016 mengenai merek dan indikasi geografis bahwasannya kebijakan yang relevan terhadap tindak pidana terkait merek adalah delik aduan sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Pasal 103, yang artinya bahwa polisi memiliki sifat hanya menerima pengaduan oleh individu yang mendapat kerugian tersebut. Sehingga apabila tidak terdapat pengaduan, dengan demikian polisi tidak dapat melaksanakan proses hukum.  
Characteristics of Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections Using Antibiotics at Hospital X
Get PDFInfection channel Respiratory acute (ARI) includes a number involving infections various part channel breath, of nose and throat until bronchi and lungs. Use antibiotics often required For treat ARI, though approach prevention like promotion cleanliness hands, management environment, and education society is also very important. Factors like type gender, age, education, occupation, marital status, and smoking status join in role in increase risk affected by ISPA. Study This aim For identify characteristics patients suffering from ARI with various aspect covers type gender, range age, level education, type employment, marital status, and smoking status. Study This use design descriptive observational that utilizes secondary data from notes document medical ARI patients at the center record Hospital. Total samples observed in study This is as many as 110 patients. Analysis show domination patient women (56.3%), which is possible influenced by factors biological, hormonal, and social. Age patients at Hospital X are dominated by groups age 18-30 years (50%), which is likely big influenced by style life and activities population on a range age This. Majority patient in study This own education undergraduate level (33.6%). Patients with work as employee private reached 30%, meanwhile percentage patients who smoke reached 54.5%, which shows significant prevalence in population This. In research This, of the total 110 patients at Hospital X, the majority is Woman. Group age the most is 18-30 years old, which is often active in a way social and productive. By education, in part big patient own background behind education high
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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