72 research outputs found
Explainable AI for RGB to HyperSpectral CNN Models
No full textHyperSpectral Imaging (HSI) is a vital tool to many industries and fields. It is
however very costly, time consuming, and in need of dedicated hardware. Lots of
research was dedicated to find alternatives to traditional HSI systems. One of the
most promising ones is RGB to Hyperspectral reconstruction. These models are
usually CNNs that take in a single RGB image and estimates the hyperspectral
image for the same scene (in the visible range). Such models can dramatically cut
on costs and time needed to acquire a hyperspectral image given the availability
and ease of acquiring RGB images.
However, to fully adopt such models we need to establish trust in them (or
distrust). To do that, we need to understand and explain how these models work on
a fundamental level at least. This is especially the case because these models deal
with a highly ill-posed problem of mapping only 3 RGB bands into a much larger
number of bands (typically 31) to perform this estimation. Users do not have any
evidence of how these models actually do that and how they are able to estimate
the illuminant of the scene to avoid metameric effects and how they perform the
’one-to-many’ mapping involved. In this thesis, we work on filling this major gap.
We take 7 of the most prominent RGB to hyperspectral reconstruction models and
apply many explainable AI (XAI) methods to try to understand how they work. We
classify these models based on the different ways they perform the reconstruction.
We establish points of failure where some or all models cannot perform as expected.
We establish their spatial feature area in the input image. We try to find what
kind of parameters and features they use and where in the network they use them.
We present a theory on how they do illuminant estimation and present supporting
evidences for that theory. Finally, we bring all tests together and try to break
down these models into more simple sub-models that could be replicated by simpler
explainable equivalents. We also introduce novel modifications to existing XAI
methods that allows them to be used in any hyperspectral model explainability
project in the future.
The outcomes of this work support that these models work in an intelligible
manner. Meaning that they could be understood and equated by other explainable
models. However, these models cannot be trusted all the time, since the work
shows that they fail consistently under certain conditions. This work does not fully
explain these models since some aspects are still unclear, but it does explain many
important parts and paves the way for a clearer understanding of these networks
The legal status of the employee author : study of the lebanese law in the light of french law
No full textLe droit de la propriété littéraire et artistique libanais découlant de la loi n°75/99 en date du 3 avril 1999 s’inspire à la fois du droit d’auteur et du droit du copyright. Il en résulte un dispositif hybride et parfois complexe. C’est le cas du statut de l’auteur salarié libanais dont l’ambiguïté est renforcée par des contradictions entre les dispositions législatives. Le législateur libanais consacre à l’article 8 de la loi libanaise relative à la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique le principe de transfert automatique des droits patrimoniaux à l’employeur sur les créations individuelles du salarié, en respectant la logique travailliste du code de travail libanais. Cette consécration ne va pas sans ambiguïté car la loi n’est pas assez claire en ce qui concerne le champ d’application de ce principe. Ainsi que l’article 22 de la loi édicte le principe de l’inaliénabilité du droit moral en matière de créations salariées. Il est donc nécessaire de se référer au droit français et au droit anglo-saxon afin de mieux comprendre le dispositif libanais, et de déterminer la logique que le législateur libanais adopte en matière de créations salariées. Cette thèse vise à proposer un régime juridique cohérent pour l’auteur salarié libanais. Après avoir analysé les logiques à lesquelles les créations salariées sont soumises en droit libanais et les difficultés qui découlent de l’application de deux logiques antagonistes : du droit social et du droit d’auteur, nous proposerons un aménagement des règles applicables à l’auteur salarié.Lebanese Literary and Artistic Property Rights arising from Law n°75/99 of April 3, 1999 are inspired by both author right and copyright law. The result is a hybrid and sometimes complex dispositive. This is the case with the status of the lebanese salaried author, the ambiguity of which is reinforced by contradictions between the legislative provisions. The lebanese legislator devotes to article 8 of the Lebanese law relating to the protection of literary and artistic property the principle of automatic transfer of economic rights to the employer on the individual creations of the employee, respecting the labor logic of the code of lebanese work. This consecration is not without ambiguity because the Law is not clear enough as to the scope of application of this principle. As article 22 of the law enacts the principle of the inalienability of moral rights in matters of salaried creations. It is therefore necessary to refer to French Law and Anglo-Saxon Law in order to better understand the Lebanese system, and to determine the logic that the Lebanese legislator adopts in terms of salaried creations. This thesis aims to propose a coherent legal regime for the lebanese salaried author. After having analyzed the logics to which salaried creations are subject in lebanese law and the difficulties which arise from the application of two antagonistic logics : social law and copyright, we will propose a laying out of the rules applicable to the author employee
The Crime of Property Usurpation in Jordanian Law: A Comparative Study
No full textThis study aimed to shed light on the legal aspects of the crime of real estate usurpation as defined in Article 448 of the Jordanian Penal Code No. 16 of the year 1960, by analyzing the elements of the crime and reviewing the associated punishments and aggravating circumstances, as well as outlining the procedures for criminal prosecution of this crime. Employing a descriptive and analytical legal research methodology, the study compares Lebanese and Egyptian laws and emphasizes the importance of following the stance of the Jordanian judiciary throughout all areas of research. The research concluded with several findings and recommendations that the researcher deems necessary to enhance the criminal protection of property
Reconceptualising CREM alignment to account for waste
No full textEvery business needs a place to operate. The management of corporate operational assets is called Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM). In the era of sustainability, smart use of real estate as the second-largest asset of corporations is needed. The purpose of the paper is to reconceptualise CREM alignment to feature the waste concept in smart use of CRE resources. This research is limited to the conceptual analysis of CREM alignment. The reasoning is based on integrative literature review. In general management theories, alignment is divided between vertical and horizontal alignments within and across organisations. In CREM literature, vertical alignment within an organisation is dominant while horizontal alignment within an organisation and across organisations has gained minimal attention. The conceptual analysis indicates that there is plenty of waste in CREM. Lean aligns especially horizontally and offers a way for smart alignment, i.e., a smart use of CRE resources including not only the use of materials and energy but also the use of human resources with their social capital.Real Estate Managemen
Jordanian Women’s Political Participation in The Nineteenth Parliament Elections (2020): The Beginning of the Political Rise of Jordanian Women?
No full textالأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة النوعية إلى توضيح مفهوم وأهمية المشاركة السياسية للمرأة الأردنية في الانتخابات النيابية من خلال بيان مدى حق المرأة في المشاركة السياسية في الانتخابات النيابية وتحديد آلية ترشح المرأة للكوتا النسائية وإظهار مدى تمثيل المرأة من خلال المنافسة الحرة للدائرة الانتخابية.
المنهجية: استخدم البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتعرُّف طبيعة مشاركة المرأة الأردنية في انتخابات مجلس النواب التاسع عشر لعام (2020) من خلال تحليل نصوص الدستور الأردني ونصوص قانون الانتخابات لمجلس النواب وتعرُّف محتوياتها ودلالاتها وأهدافها لإيجاد الحلول المناسبة لضمان مشاركة المرأة الأردنية في الانتخابات النيابية، بالاضافة إلى دراسة وتحليل الجداول الإحصائية.
النتائج: أشارت النتائج إلى أن قانون الانتخابات لمجلس النواب منح المرأة الأردنية حق التصويت لعضوية مجلس النواب، وشاركت المرأة الأردنية كناخبة ومرشحة في انتخابات مجلس النواب التاسع عشر لعام (2020)، وأظهرت النتائج أن قانون الانتخابات حدد آلية لترشح المرأة الأردنية للكوتا النسائية وحدد مدى تمثيل المرأة الأردنية من خلال المنافسة الحرة للدائرة الانتخابية.
الخلاصة: أوصت الدراسة بضرورة قيام الجهات المختصة في الأردن بمراجعة قانون الانتخابات لمجلس النواب على نحو دوري، مع ضرورة تعديل قانون الانتخابات لتحديد حصة للنساء في المقاعد المخصصة للشركس والشيشان والمسيحيين لضمان المساواة الحقيقية في الحقوق والواجبات بين الرجل والمرأة.Objectives: This study seeks to elucidate the significance of Jordanian women's political engagement in parliamentary elections by assessing their participation rights, examining the process of women's candidacy within the quota system, and evaluating their representation in open electoral competition.
Methods: The research used the descriptive analytical method to identify the nature of Jordanian women's participation in the elections of the nineteenth parliament for (2020). This was conducted by analyzing the texts of the Jordanian Constitution and those of the Election Law for the parliament as well as identifying their contents, implications and objectives to find appropriate solutions to ensure the participation of Jordanian women in the parliamentary elections in addition to the study and analysis of statistical tables.
Results: The results indicated that the Parliament’s Election Law granted Jordanian women the right to vote for membership in the Parliament while the Jordanian women participated as voters and candidates in the 19th Parliament elections for the year (2020). Yet, the results showed that the Election Law specified a mechanism for Jordanian women's candidacy for the women's quota and determined the extent of Jordanian women's representation through free competition for the electoral district.
Conclusions: The study recommended the necessity that the competent authorities in Jordan shall review the Election Law for the Parliament periodically together with the need to amend the Election Law to specify a quota for women in the seats allocated to the Circassians, Chechens and Christians to ensure real equality in rights and duties between men and wome
Potable Water Pollution Crime in Jordanian Penal Law
No full textMost legislations in world countries enacted laws and regulations to protect the national environments of such countries, including Jordan. The Jordanian environmental law develops constantly to cope with the developments place in most industrial and technological fields. Jordanian Penal Law incriminates some acts committed against the environment including potable water pollution Crime as stipulated by the Jordanian legislator in Article No. 458 of Jordanian Penal Code.Such research aims to shed the light on such crime regarding describing its elements, the due penalty defined for such crime, distinguishing between the crime – subject matter of the research – and other crimes mentioned in penal law and environment protection law No. 6 of the year 2017 and defining its relative matters. Keywords: Environment, Water Pollution, Environment Protection, Penal Law
Criminalization of Sexual Acts in Jordanian Law (Comparative Study)
No full textThis article aimed to clarify the opinion of the Jordanian legislator regarding the criminalization of sexual acts in comparison to the position of the monotheistic religions and contemporary laws, in addition to knowing the Jordanian society’s view of criminalizing sexual acts. By looking at the Jordanian legal texts related to the subject, it became apparent to researchers that the Jordanian legislator adopts the principle of sexual freedom like other legislators in other countries, despite this violation of Islamic law, which is the official religion of the state according to the Jordanian constitution. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers adopted the descriptive and analytical approach that reads the opinion of the Jordanian legislator, the monotheistic religions, and contemporary laws in criminalizing sexual acts. Using the results of a questionnaire designed for the purpose of knowing the views of the Jordanian society on the principle of sexual freedom. This questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 1000 people. The article reached a number of conclusions, including that (84)% of Jordanian society do not accept sexual freedom for religious, moral and social reasons. In light of the results of the article, the authors recommended abolishing the principle of sexual freedom from Jordanian law and calling on the Jordanian legislator to reconsider texts related to the criminalization of sexual acts in line with the culture of society
The Impact of Moot Courts on the Quality of Legal Education: Students of the Faculty of Law at the Applied Science Private University as a Model
No full textThis study was concerned with examining the impact of holding Moot Courts and training students in them on the quality of legal education. It dealt with the historical development of Moot Courts held by the Faculty of Law at Applied Science Private University / Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, for the period 2003 to 2022, a special questionnaire was structured to examine the impact of these trials on students. The questionnaire contained several questions related to the extent of benefit derived via participating in Moot court. The study sample consisted of 70 graduates who participated in Moot Courts held by the law faculties and are currently working in the legal profession. The study concluded the importance of holding Moot Courts in law faculties and that it has an effective role in developing students' legal skills. Based on the above results, the study recommended that the Moot Courts should be an integrated part of the study curricula by allocating a subject for it to grant all students the opportunity to participate in it, in order to enhance and develop their skills
Fourier-transform infrared analysis and interpretation for bituminous binders
No full textInfraRed spectrometry is a powerful technique to characterise bituminous binders. The methodology is not fully harmonised and may lead to vari-ability. The RILEM-272-PIM-TG1, evaluated seven complex bituminous, for which eleven laboratories performed FTIR. While, the spectra showed sim-ilar trends, further analysis was needed to improve comparison. A specific approach was applied on two binders, unmodified and polymer modified bitumen, and two ageing conditioning. Combining a Gaussian distributionand derivative analysis confirmed a good alignments of laboratory results. A two-step model was developed improving further interpretation. It con-sists of a baseline adjustment with eight points and normalisation over the maximum aliphatic peak. Furthermore, a specific fingerprint model was determined with the main absorption peaks defined by their location and shape. Only the intensity varies from laboratory to laboratory and binders. This general approach can be used as a platform to characterise aging or binder complexityGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Pavement Engineerin
Fitness Ranking of Individual Mutants Drives Patterns of Epistatic Interactions in HIV-1
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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