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Study on the Effect of Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Psychosocial Behavior of Children in Saudi Arabia
Full text linkBackground and objectives: The goal of the study was to see how sugar-enhanced beverages affected children's psychosocial behavior. Expansions in the use of sugar-enhanced drinks (SSB) during youth have mirrored global patterns in the epidemic of experience growing up stoutness. Furthermore, the study aims to determine the rates at which Saudi children use SSBs and their relationship to mental effects, as well as the mental aspects that are most affected by SSB use.
Methodology: For this research, 400 guardians from Saudi Arabia were selected as samples, and the probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect samples. Questionnaires were designed and validated through the pilot survey. Three categories were made in the questionnaires to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened beverages, and behavioral problems. Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data statistically using SPSS 23 software.
Results: Results and outcomes of the research demonstrated that mental health issues and physical as well as psychosocial problems were the main effects of excessive use of sugar-sweetened beverages Causes. Restlessness, lack of concentration, loss of temper, lack of confidence, and feelings of sickness were found to be the most experienced symptoms.
Conclusion: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages negatively impacts children's physical and mental health. It impacts increased heart issues, obesity, diabetes, and aggressive behavior.
Limitations: This is a cross-sectional study, and the causal relationship is unclear
RPCA with Log-Schatten Norm and Adaptive Histogram Equalization for Medical Imaging
Full text linkMedical imaging, especially cancer and retinal fundus analysis, is often compromised by artifacts and heavy noise and artifact, which can hinder accurate diagnosis. Existing low-rank sparse component methods, such as RPCA with the conventional nuclear norm, assume uniform singular value weights, which may not hold true due to noise variations in images. We recently developed RPCA with the log-weighted nuclear norm, which addresses some of these issues but still relies on weight selection, potentially introducing bias. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel method that integrates RPCA with Log-Schatten Norm (LSN) and Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) for medical imaging and clinical purposes. The Log-Schatten Norm improves singular value penalization and structure preservation, while AHE enhances contrast and reduces noise. The method is formulated as an optimization problem and solved using the Alternating Direction Method for Multipliers (ADMM). Experimental results on publicly available retinal and cancer image datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods in enhancing overall image quality, making it a promising tool for medical imaging applications
Synergistic Effect of Zinc Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Co-Cure Activators on Polybutadiene Rubber Vulcanization: Mechanical Properties and Thermal Characteristics
Full text linkZinc oxide (ZnO) is widely recognized as an effective cure activator in the sulphur vulcanization of polybutadiene rubber (PBR). However, its high toxicity to aquatic organisms has raised environmental concerns, prompting the search for non-toxic alternatives. Despite this, no industrially viable substitute has been identified. This study explores the potential of using a combination of ZnO and magnesium oxide (MgO) to reduce ZnO levels while enhancing vulcanization performance. The crosslinking density and thermal stability of the vulcanized PBR were assessed to evaluate the efficacy of MgO. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of MgO as a co-activator significantly accelerates the vulcanization rate. Specifically, formulations with 60% MgO exhibited a tensile strength of 1.1 MPa, elongation at break of 111%, and hardness of 46 Shore A. When using MgO exclusively, the material achieved a tensile strength of 1.4 MPa, elongation at break of 212%, and hardness of 43 Shore A, with an abrasion loss of 64.82 mm³. Swelling studies revealed that crosslink density was highest in the PBR formulation with 3 phr MgO and 2 phr ZnO, exhibiting the lowest swelling index (3.10). As MgO content increased, the swelling index also rose, indicating reduced crosslink density. The highest swelling index (4.24) was observed in the formulation with 5 phr MgO, confirming weaker crosslink formation. These results highlight that MgO alone lacks the ability to form an effective sulfurating complex, but when combined with ZnO, it enhances crosslinking efficiency and vulcanization performance. The use of MgO, either alone or in combination with ZnO, presents a viable approach for developing environmentally friendly PBR compounds with potential applications in high-performance elastomers such as tires
Synthesis, Purification and Modification of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Microspheres for Prosthetic Dental Applications
No full textA large number of polymers are used for various applications in prosthodontics. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres are commonly used for prosthetic dental applications, including the fabrication of artificial teeth, dentures, denture bases, obturators, orthodontic retainers, temporary or provisional crowns, and for the repair of dental prostheses. Obviously, one can find a lot of articles dedicated to PMMA synthesis. On the other hand, the materials used in prosthodontics are subject to very specific requirements. Thus, in this work, influence of all the stages of PMMA microspheres production (including synthesis and, especially, purification) on the polymers characteristics is detected
Impact of Trade Integration between Tunisia and the European Union on Foreign Direct Investments
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of Tunisia’s economic integration particularly through the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the European Union (EU) on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the country. The analysis adopts a multidimensional theoretical framework, focusing on key structural determinants of FDI attractiveness such as trade openness, human capital, infrastructure quality, political stability, and macroeconomic conditions.
A mixed-method approach is employed, combining a systematic literature review with a two-step econometric modeling strategy. Robust causal inference techniques such as instrumental variables and propensity score matching are used to address potential specification biases and improve the reliability of the findings.
The results show that the Tunisia-EU Association Agreement has a positive and statistically significant effect on FDI inflows, increasing them by approximately 12% over the period studied. This finding highlights the role of even sector-specific trade integration (limited to industrial goods) in boosting external capital.
This research contributes to the literature on trade agreements by offering robust empirical evidence and provides actionable insights for policymakers regarding trade policy and industrial development strategies in developing economies
Residual Infantile Feeding History and Speech Outcomes in Preschool-Age Children: A Balkan Cross-Sectional Study on Parent-Led Weaning Implications
No full textThis study examines the relationship between residual infantile feeding history and subsequent speech sound disorders (SSD) in preschool-aged children within the Balkan region. It specifically investigates how traditional parent-led weaning practices influence the type and placement of SSD manifestations through their impact on early oromotor development. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 72 children, aged 3 to 6 years, diagnosed with moderate to severe SSD across two clinical centers in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Standardized articulation assessments and caregiver-completed developmental questionnaires were utilized to evaluate speech outcomes and feeding patterns. Key findings revealed significant associations: prolonged non-nutritive sucking (NNS) was strongly linked to anterior speech sound disorders and distortion errors; delayed progression to textured foods was correlated with middle/palatal SSD patterns; and oral sensory dysfunction was notably associated with substitution errors. The study underscores the clinical importance of early feeding interventions and individualized therapy approaches. Targeted strategies such as lingual strengthening for omissions and sensory-motor techniques for substitutions are recommended. These findings contribute to clinical practice and highlight the need for increased awareness and prevention of non-normative feeding patterns in the Balkan pediatric population
Assessment of Epicardial Fat Thickness in Infants of Diabetic Mothers and its Relation to Glycated Albumin Level
No full textBackground: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at increased risk for developing cardiometabolic disorders. Traditional markers like HbA1c have limitations in certain clinical scenarios, highlighting the need for alternative indicators. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT), due to its anatomical and functional proximity to the heart, and glycated albumin, a short-term glycemic marker, may provide early risk detection.
Objective: To assess epicardial fat thickness and umbilical cord glycated albumin levels in neonates of diabetic mothers and determine their association, exploring their potential as early predictors of short-term glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk.
Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study involved 35 IDMs and 30 neonates born to non-diabetic mothers (NIDMs). Echocardiography measured EFT in the first week of life, while glycated albumin was measured via ELISA from umbilical cord blood. Statistical analysis included ROC curves and logistic regression to evaluate diagnostic performance.
Results: EFT and glycated albumin were significantly elevated in IDMs compared to NIDMs (p < 0.001). A cutoff value of EFT >16.3 mm had a specificity of 93.1% and a sensitivity of 54.29%. Glycated albumin>434 g/dl showed a sensitivity of 91.43% and specificity of 83.33%. Multivariate analysis identified glycated albumin as a strong independent predictor of pregestational diabetes mellitus, while both biomarkers were associated with gestational diabetes.
Conclusions: EFT and glycated albumin serve as effective, non-invasive markers for early detection of cardiometabolic risk in neonates born to diabetic mothers. Their incorporation into routine assessments may enhance early diagnosis and targeted intervention strategies
Exploring the Relationship between Perceived Multidimensional Social Support and Well-Being among Community Seniors Participating in Group Exercise Programs
Full text linkThis study examines the relationship between perceived multidimensional social support and well-being among community-dwelling seniors engaged in group exercise programs, aiming to address a gap in the current literature. A total of 162 older adults from two communities in Selangor, Malaysia, participated in structured group exercise sessions. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected through the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the BBC Well-Being Scale to assess perceived support and overall well-being, respectively. Community leaders were engaged to support the study’s approval and facilitate its implementation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants’ demographic characteristics and study variables, while Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between perceived social support and well-being. The sample consisted predominantly of males (63%), reflecting a gender imbalance in exercise participation that aligns with findings from previous studies. Results showed no significant correlation between perceived social support and overall well-being (r(160) = -0.113, p > .05), indicating a weak negative relationship. This suggests that higher levels of perceived social support did not correspond with notable improvements in well-being among the participants. These findings challenge the prevailing literature that often highlights a positive association between social support and well-being, suggesting that the relationship may be more nuanced within the context of community-based group exercise programs for older adults. Further investigation is needed to uncover the underlying factors that may influence this relationship in this specific demographic
Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Research Skills Acquisition Among University Students with Intellectual Disabilities in Calabar, Nigeria
Full text linkAim: Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior originating before age 18 (AAIDD, 2010). In higher education, these students often require individualized support, yet inclusive practices in Nigerian universities remain underdeveloped. This study examines the predictive relationship between emotional intelligence and research skills acquisition among university students with intellectual disabilities at the University of Calabar (UNI.CAL) and the University of Cross River (UNICROSS), Cross River State, Nigeria. Five study objectives were stated to guide the research. Five research questions were formulated, and three hypotheses were stated. Literature was reviewed based on the variables under study, as research gaps were also stated.
Method: The study adopted a correlational survey research design. The area of the study is Cross River State, South-South, Nigeria. The study population consists of all 20,030 final-year undergraduate students with intellectual disabilities in inclusive departments of the University of Calabar and the University of Cross River State, offering special education or support for students with disabilities. A purposive sampling technique was used to select students identified with intellectual disabilities. A sample size of 401 participants was selected based on accessibility and consent. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient method was used in establishing the reliability index of .82. Results of the research questions were presented using frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation, Multiple linear regression, and Independent t-test were used to analyze the research question and hypotheses.
Results: The results revealed that emotional intelligence significantly contributes to developing research skills in students with intellectual disabilities. Emotional competencies such as self-awareness, motivation, and interpersonal sensitivity are essential tools in enabling these students to participate fully in research activities. Hence, emotional intelligence components collectively predict research skills acquisition. There is a significant difference between male and female students with intellectual disabilities in their level of research skills acquisition.
Conclusion: This research concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and the ability to develop and perform research tasks. It affirms the critical role emotional intelligence plays not just in social functioning but also in academic productivity, especially among students who often face exclusion or limited support.
Recommendation: Universities should incorporate emotional intelligence training into their special education and general academic programs to build students’ self-efficacy and research competence
Quest for Philosophical Groundings of Affirmative Action Policy
Full text linkFrom its inception to the present, affirmative action has been a never-ending issue. Despite being endlessly debated since its inception, an unmistakable agreement on whether or not a nation's government can implement affirmative action policy appears to have gone unnoticed thus far. Affirmative action is a public policy that seeks to compensate victims of past injustice at the expense of others' possession. This is why it is viewed negatively in terms of equality and possessive individualism. At best, a few fashionable philosophers, such as John Kekes and Carl Cohen, do not believe in affirmative action policy because it, explicitly or implicitly, discounts the equality opportunity principle. In contrast to the position, some thinkers, such as John Rawls, believe that affirmative action policies for the disadvantaged and under-represented should be implemented. The purpose of this paper is to provide a philosophical understanding of affirmative action policy by constructing affirmative action policy's positive (favouring) and negative (disfavoring) arguments. The author's position on this issue will be advanced at the end of the paper